Product Development Model Research Articles

The dynamics of knowledge integration in collaborative product development: Evidence from the capital goods industry

Based on an in-depth single case study of a collaborative product development project, this paper argues that knowledge integration mechanisms change across the different phases of the product development process, reflecting changes in the content and sources of knowledge to be integrated. Our findings imply that managers need to be able to adapt and change their knowledge integration approaches throughout product development processes. We discuss implications for the use of product development models when integration of knowledge with customers is an essential part of a firm's attempt to create a competitive advantage.

Product development models in the IT sector-From Waterfall to Agile Project Management Model s in the case of AVIRA SOFT S.R.L

Abstract The digitalization process of the business activities has increased tremendously in the last fifty years, revolutionizing several fields of activity, such as communication, medicine, production, transport, as well as all aspects of the daily social, economic and political processes. Furthermore, the IT field has developed new ways of innovating, including new management models in the production field, that allow management of IT companies to become more customer-oriented in a dynamic competitive field. As technological progress is becoming present in every aspect of everyday life, the pressure for innovation and customer involvement represent the two main challenges of producing successful prototypes and final products for the IT market. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze two of the main product development business model trends in the IT field, namely Waterfall model and Agile model, the latest being an adapting strategy to increased customer requirements and the changing business environment. In order to ensure a practical approach the case study was based on the analysis of their implementation within the company Avira Soft S.R.L. The results of the study emphasized the benefits of using the Agile model at Avira Soft S.R.L starting with 2011 in comparison to the previous model of Waterfall product development. The relevance of the paper consists in the fact that the two models indicate how the IT product development business models are evolving depending on environmental factors and the need for continuous adaptation and innovation due to increased competition. The Agile model brought improvements of the Waterfall model, but also new challenges regarding the organizational culture, communication between members of the company and more pressure for continuous improvement. However these two models are an example of how the IT product development business models are evolving and they form a basis for future product development strategies.

A New Consideration on New Product Development Models

A New Consideration on New Product Development Models

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Qulub Tawar Gondang Mojokerto

Learning model based on Flipped Classroom is one of the student-centered learning model to improve the effectiveness of learning. It is therefore important that educators understand their students' academic and social background before reflecting on and planning their lessons, the pedagogical techniques they want to use and the type of assessment they believe will engage the student in the learning process. The purpose of this development are: 1) Developing the correct flipped classroom learning model used for MI Al Muhsinun Mojokerto City 2) Improving learning outcomes by using the flipped classroom learning model in Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) learning in MI Al Muhsinun Mojokerto City. From the results of this research development can be concluded: 1) Expert validation and testing results, flipped classroom learning model is feasible to be used for the subject of Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI), because the developed product is not revised by the expert but from the results of the dissemination of student questionnaires that must be revised : (a) Improving the model's appearance or changing its learning strategy, and (b) increasing the use of resources in applying the model. 2) Making product development model through social media can improve student learning result of Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) in MI Al Muhsinun Mojokerto City. From the experimental class, there is an increase of learning completeness from Pre Test and Post Test that is 78.78% each up to 92.63%.

Characteristics of self-managing teams in rapid product development projects

Product development organisations are facing an increasing amount of rapid, small-scale development projects to fulfil market and customer needs. Self-managing teams have been proposed as effective means in creating new radical innovation, but their use has not been widely studied in smaller and faster product development projects, which are increasing in numbers. A multiple-case study was conducted to analyse seven business-to-business companies' product development models and the use of self-management in their rapid product development teams. The findings indicate that the companies use very similar characteristics of self-management to support rapid product development projects, but all characteristics of self-management do not support rapid product development teams. Notable success factors for rapid product development were dedicating competent developers for rapid projects, co-locating the development team, effective face-to-face communication and implementing a defined, but flexible workflow for rapid product development.

Characteristics of self-managing teams in rapid product development projects

Product development organisations are facing an increasing amount of rapid, small-scale development projects to fulfil market and customer needs. Self-managing teams have been proposed as effective means in creating new radical innovation, but their use has not been widely studied in smaller and faster product development projects, which are increasing in numbers. A multiple-case study was conducted to analyse seven business-to-business companies' product development models and the use of self-management in their rapid product development teams. The findings indicate that the companies use very similar characteristics of self-management to support rapid product development projects, but all characteristics of self-management do not support rapid product development teams. Notable success factors for rapid product development were dedicating competent developers for rapid projects, co-locating the development team, effective face-to-face communication and implementing a defined, but flexible workflow for rapid product development.

Grounding the “mirroring hypothesis”: Towards a general theory of organization design in New Product Development

Abstract The similarity between product architecture and organization design has become known as the “mirroring hypothesis”. We present a theoretical model of new product development using the NK-model, in which we represent organization design with varying degrees of mirroring. The main result holds that perfectly mirroring organizations only perform well in designing products with many components and low complexity, while imperfectly mirroring organizations do better in designing product with few components and high complexity. Our theoretical model can inform future empirical research, which hitherto lacked a common representation framework for organization design.

A Complete MCDM Model for NPD Performance Assessment in an LED-Based Lighting Plant Factory

Globally, industries and economies have undergone rapid development and expansion over the last several decades. As a result, global warming and environmental contaminations have resulted in climate change and jeopardized food security. In many developing countries, already decreasing crop yields are threatened by extreme weather and soil damaged by genetically modified food, making environmental problems worse and increasing food and organic product prices. For these reasons, this study proposes a hybrid multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model for new product development (NPD) in the light-emitting diode- (LED-) based lighting plant factory. First, literature reviews and expert interviews are employed in constructing a list of decision-making objectives and criteria for new product development. Then, a fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) is used to screen the elements of the objectives and criteria, while a fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) is used to determine the relationships among the objectives and criteria. Finally, a fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) and a composite priority vector (CPV) are manipulated to determine the relative importance weights of the critical objectives and criteria. Results show that the proposed method can create a useful and assessable MCDM model for decision-making applications in new product development, and a case study is herein performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed model in a Taiwanese LED-based lighting plant factory, which not only provides the decision-makers with a feasible hierarchical data structure for decision-making guidance but also increases the competitive advantages of trade-offs on developing novel products.

Design and Fabrication of Industrial Components Using 3D Printing

In the product design and development process, prototyping or model making is one of the necessary steps to finalize a product, which helps in realization of a conceptualized design. The 3D Printing, as a prototyping method, has been used widely since the 2000s, once it became popular as an additive manufacturing method. This paper aims at revolutionizing the previous method further, to 3D print final components, instead of just prototypes, in all areas applicable, using some industrial components as samples. This paper provides the further scope of research into the possibilities of replacing metallic parts with non-metallic ones, due to the rising costs and dwindling resources, so as to sustain the same utility of product without any compensation on durability and quality.

Application of quality function deployment for the design and development of a lathe machine

The objective of the study is to primarily develop a framework for a competitive customer driven product development through quality function deployment (CDPD-QFD). The development of model framework constitutes the opinions and expressions of two distinct groups viz. Voice of customer (VoC) and voice of engineer (VoE), and also its implementation. The modified and enhanced version of quality function deployment-based customer driven product development model has been discussed, implemented and justified with a real-life case study on a centre lathe. Implementation of 43% of total engineering characteristics viz. service life, speed control on the machine, production capacity accuracy of the machine, vibration occurring on lathe bed and application of QFD methodology to design of each and every part of machine leads to 70.63% of desired customer satisfaction level. The study concludes by achieving the specific aims of developing a comprehensive systematic methodology and fills in a number of gaps in existing knowledge regarding the effective development and use of quality function deployment in customer driven product development process.

Pengembangan Komik Sains untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Menuju Banjarmasin Siaga Banjir

Banjarmasin as a lowland city, many small, medium, and large rivers, the majority of swamp areas, would be interesting to be used as an object in education as a place to learn about the knowledge and cultures of the river that characterized by region. The right place is education, especially elementary school which is the most appropriate target in instilling awareness on early. World of education, learning will be interesting if the media are included to make students more excited in the learning process. Comics contained illustration of character, scene, and groove usually arranged as entertainment. in this research developed in the form of science comic based on disaster mitigation, that is flood disaster with hope to be as educative media of learning also as entertainment for student. This research uses model of ADDIE media product development. The research developing two comic entitled "Amang si Pembelajar" and "Belajar Siaga Banjir (BSB)" with good quality in terms of material with a score of 3.22 and excellent quality in terms of learning media with the final average of 3.3. Science comics based on flood mitigation is full color and in accordance with the needs of primary school

Modelling and implementation of product development strategy

The evolution of computer-aided systems and systems for the product data management towards the product development management systems, modules of application for the product life cycle management, necessitates the changes in the functioning of production enterprises. Due to the global competition, the enterprises not only re-organize their strategies but also look for the new system solutions based on the knowledge. Such actions are necessary for the enterprises to reach the success. The article presents the knowledge about the product development processes realized in the production system, presented in the form of hierarchical decision nets. Production system was considered as the set of elements interacting with the relationships occurring in the environment. The process is described as the set of logical events occurring in the system. The model of product development was developed using the business process modelling notation. The implementation of selected knowledge area in BizagiExpress system and testing in product lifecycle management environment were presented.

Application of Service Design Tools in Product Development Process

The basic concept of service design tools, principles and system composition elements thereof are introduced in order to explore the application value of service design tools in the product development process. The application of service design tools in product development courses is deeply analyzed through the case of postcard service design in the course, thereby promoting the communication between users and working staff, and providing users with satisfactory services. Service design tool is a systematic innovation approach, which is beneficial for outputting a set of practical and feasible comprehensive service strategies efficiently and accurately during product development by students, improving product development model, optimizing service efficiency, and improving user satisfaction.

Innovation in MCAD education toward competency development using negative knowledge: From theoretical framework to practical implementation

ABSTRACTWith the rising importance of CAD models for product development and the recent strong promotion of hybrid geometric modeling from within the industry, the focus of teaching methods in current CAD education, as practiced in most institutions of higher education, needs to be reconsidered. From a pedagogical point of view, this situation represents a challenge, as it requires new, innovative teaching methodologies which advance the development of competency going beyond basic domain knowledge and skills limited to operating a CAD system. In this paper, a new and innovative direction for CAD education is offered, which is based on the integration of traditional teaching methods with an educational approach using negative knowledge. Central aspects of framework development and concept translation are presented together with promising results obtained through a multi-method oriented empirical study of this newly developed and now fully implemented approach.

Simulating the Effects of Agricultural Management on Water Quality Dynamics in Rice Paddies for Sustainable Rice Production—Model Development and Validation

The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model is widely used for evaluating agricultural conservation efforts and their effects on soil and water. A key component of APEX application in Korea is simulating the water quality impacts of rice paddies because rice agriculture claims the largest cropland area in the country. In this study, a computational module called APEX-Paddy (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Korea) is developed to simulate water quality with considering pertinent paddy management practices, such as puddling and flood irrigation management. Data collected at two experimental paddy sites in Korea were used to calibrate and validate the model. Results indicate that APEX-Paddy performs well in predicting runoff discharge rate and nitrogen yield while the original APEX highly overestimates runoff rates and nitrogen yields on large storm events. With APEX-Paddy, simulated and observed flow and mineral nitrogen yield (QN) are found to be highly correlated after calibration (Nash & Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0.87 and Percent Bias (PBIAS) = −14.6% for flow; NSE = 0.68 and PBIAS = 2.1% for QN). Consequently, the APEX-Paddy showed a greater accuracy in flow and QN prediction than the original APEX modeling practice using the SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number) method.

Winner-Take-All, Take-Most or Pay-Some? Optimal Protection of Innovation in a Dynamic Model of Product Development

In a model of investment in product development in duopoly we study the implications of different costs of innovating and imitating for firm strategies and optimal IP protection, relating these to the dynamic characteristics of a stochastic demand. A critical relative cost is identified that determines whether strategic competition takes the form of attrition or preemption, with industry value being maximized when firms neither stall nor hasten entry. Provided that demand growth and volatility are sufficiently low, as typically arises in mature industries, it is socially desirable to provide innovators with complete protection (winner-take-all), implying a preemption race. But when demand is rapidly expanding and highly unpredictable a social optimum can involve a low level of protection, implying attrition, albeit with a positive lower bound for the optimal level of imitation cost (winner-pays-some). Industry profits increase if firms can commit not to seek stronger IP protection once they have innovated, providing a rationale for open standards. While buyouts have ambiguous welfare effects, simple licensing schemes are welfare improving.

Mountain bike tourism in Austria and the Alpine region – towards a sustainable model for multi-stakeholder product development

ABSTRACTThis paper interrogates the polarized and heated discussions about mountain bike tourism in Austrian forests, with several organizations favoring permitting biking on all forest roads, using claimed tourism development opportunities, while other stakeholders including hikers, hunters and landowners wish to restrict development. An international literature review on the value and impacts of mountain biking shows that both sides have oversimplified complex cases. The paper draws on 12 in-depth interviews with Austrian tourism destination and mountain bike experts to find ways forward. Results suggest that in Austria, bike tourism will increase in the future, supported by new bike technology, including electric bikes and new hand-held route information technology. It notes the complexity of the market for mountain and other forms of cycle tourism, and the pressing need to create not more trails but more sophisticated tourism products, including appealing and well-maintained trails plus attractive leisure infrastructure (bike rental, service and repair facilities, attractive localities, accommodation suited to the mountain bikers’ needs, etc.). Collaborative planning with all stakeholders, better trail construction standards adapted to differing preferences, needs and environmental conditions as well as clear standards for monitoring are prerequisites of an Austrian strategy for sustainable cycle tourism development and management, which can be replicated elsewhere.

Evaluation of tablet punch configuration on mitigating capping by a quality by design approach.

Capping is a common problem in the manufacture of some types of tablets and unless resolved, the tableting process cannot proceed. Hence, all factors that can help to lessen the likelihood of capping without unnecessarily reduce turret speed and/or compaction force would be tenable. This study investigated the influence of tablet punch configuration on mitigation of tablet capping. Tablets were prepared from high-dose paracetamol-potato starch granules in a rotary tablet press with flat face plain (FFP), flat face bevel edge (FFBE) and flat face radius edge (FFRE) punch configurations. The directly compressible (DC) fillers tested were microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), pre-gelatinised starch (PGS) and lactose. Design of experiments (DoE), a tool of quality by design (QbD) paradigm, was used and the interaction of input variables (compression force, tablet punch configuration and DC filler) affecting the response factors (tablet hardness and capping rating) were evaluated. FFP punches were able to mitigate capping best. FFRE punches showed more potential than FFBE punches at alleviating capping in a particular compression force range, without the limitations of the FFP punches that produce cylindrical tablets that were more friable. Incorporation of PGS in the tablet formulation was observed to be more efficient at mitigating capping than the other DC fillers when FFBE and FFRE punches were used. Overall, this study serves as a model for prospective product development based on the QbD framework and the optimal use of compaction tools.

Should the fashion industry confront the sustainability challenge with 3D prototyping technology

In this paper, coming out of a broader research project on how the digital prototype can be effectively integrated in the product development process of the clothing industry, the authors investigate the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Collective Actions on Sustainability and the environmental impact of the new model of fast and accelerating fashion. Extensive research was contacted with personal interviews and analysed primary data shows how new technology solutions like Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), 3D visualisation or 3D prototyping can work with and across supply chain partners to reduce the environmental footprint of their processes. The final phase of the paper involves the conceptualisation of a new apparel product development model, encompassing various digital tools which aim at addressing fit problems, extending the useful life of clothes and reducing the environmental impact of clothing in use through design and services.

Providing Software as a Service: a design decision(s) model

We examine how Software as a Service (SaaS) providers make different design decisions using a theoretical model. We consider two non-functional attributes: modularity of the software architecture and the architectural performance of the software. We model the relationship of these two attributes with factors such as user preferences, user demand, and the price of the service. In a significant departure from traditional models of IS product development, we considered marginal cost and maintenance cost of providing SaaS service to recognize that the SaaS service has characteristics of both a product and a service. We show how to find the optimal values of design attributes that maximize SaaS provider’s profits, taking into account relevant factors such as user preferences, user demand and service price. Our research provides one of the first analytical models of optimal design decision making by SaaS providers. We use the model to further show how the SaaS providers should adjust the service design in response to changes in user preferences, associated costs and other relevant factors.