Ownership Model Research Articles

Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Ownership Model (Public vs. Private) on the Efficiency of Urban Rail Firms

The discussion over public vs. private management in the operation of public transport has been on the research agenda for the past decade. Several studies have analyzed the benefits of private management; however, no study has analyzed the effects of the management model while controlling for other external factors such as economic crises and political factors. This study intends to focus on the impact of the ownership model (public vs. private) of urban rail firms on their efficiency, while expanding the existing literature by controlling for economic and political factors. The methodology consisted of the calculation of DEA scores and subsequent use of regression analysis to identify the main determinants. We used a data set of four Portuguese rail firms during the period 2009–2018 along with five distinct efficiency scores. The results show that privately managed firms tend to be more efficient, but with distinct behavior depending on the economic cycle. In periods of growing GDP, private firms lose their potential superiority over public firms. The results also show that election years and unemployment rate also play a role in understanding the efficiency scores of these firms.

Ownership and management models of state-owned versus privately-owned Saudi news channels

Ownership and management models of state-owned versus privately-owned Saudi news channels

An integrative career self-management framework: The personal-brand ownership model.

An integrative career self-management framework: The personal-brand ownership model.

A Social Enterprise’s Hybridising Journey to Reconcile Goals and Structure with Identity

This study highlights how a mismatch between an organisation’s goals and its legal form and structure can develop over time, and how a hybrid model may present a solution. This longitudinal qualitative study details the hybridising process by which a traditional for-profit company transformed into an employee-owned benefit corporation: the company implemented ownership and control models to sustain an identity couched in social and environmental values. The hybrid form reconciled three disparate logics that are core to the company’s identity and which became hardwired into the company’s structure. We identify and develop a novel framework describing four key phases of this firm’s hybridising process (animating, cultivating, advocating, and sustaining), mechanisms therein, and managerial implications. The firm’s progression through these phases was not guaranteed but hinged on the organisation’s specific responses to critical experiences during its hybridising journey. These findings contribute to the theory of organisational hybridising and research on benefit corporations.

Employee ownership – pros and cons – a review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to give an updated overview of the research on employee ownership. What does the scientific literature reveal about advantages and disadvantages? What can be learned from different models used in Italy, France, Mondragon (Spain), UK and US with many employee-owned firms in contrast to Denmark.Design/methodology/approachA structured review of the literature on employee. The paper identifies different mechanisms leading to effects on productivity, job stability, distribution, investment etc., and reviews the empirical evidence. The main barriers and drivers are identified and different models for employee ownership in Italy, France, Mondragon (Spain), UK and US are reviewed to identify potential models for a country like Denmark with few employee-owned firms.FindingsThe article gives an overview over the theoretical predictions and the main empirical evidence of the effects of employee ownership. The pros are greater employee identification with the firm and increased productivity reinforced by increased participation. Employee-owned firms have more equal distribution of wages and more stable employment, and they have greater mutual control between employees and fewer middle managers. The motivation effects may be smaller for large firms and lack of capital may lead to lower levels of investments and capital per employee.Originality/valueComprehensive and updated literature review on the effects and successful formats of employee ownership to identify models for implementation in countries with few employee-owned firms.

The economic feasibility of green hydrogen and fuel cell electric vehicles for road transport in China

In September 2020, the Chinese central government announced a new policy to develop hydrogen energy and fuel cell applications. It emphasized fuel cell commercial vehicles rather than passenger vehicles. Such an emphasis is drastically different from the hydrogen and fuel cell strategies of other leading economies. This study aims at providing insights into the justification behind it. It develops quantitative models to conduct economic assessments of the feasibility of hydrogen energy produced from renewable energy and subsequently applied in the road transport sector in China. A well-to-wheel model is developed to estimate the carbon emissions of the hydrogen supply chain as well as that of the fuel cell electric vehicles. In the meantime, a levelised cost of hydrogen model is adopted to analyze the cost of hydrogen as storage for renewable energy. These are followed by a total cost of ownership model applied to assess the cost of owning and driving fuel cell electric vehicle, fueled by the hydrogen produced from renewables, compared to alternative vehicle powertrains, especially those fossil fuel-based. On such a basis, the relation between energy policies and the competitiveness of hydrogen produced from renewable energy and the fuel cell electric vehicle is discussed.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic System for Fishery Cold Storage Based on Ownership Models and Regulatory Boundaries in Indonesia

With Indonesia’s marine resources abundance, it is appropriate for Indonesia’s economic growth to gear towards the fisheries sector. Fishery management in Indonesia is still not operating optimally due to a lack of fisheries management infrastructure. This study took place at the Fish Auction Place in Dadap Village, West Java, Indonesia. The actual problem is a fluctuation in fish catch due to seasonal factors that cause instability in fish prices and fishermen’s incomes. Furthermore, there is no cold storage for storing fish when the fish are abundant so that the quality of the fish will decrease. However, fishery cold storage is energy-intensive equipment, and there is a lack of electricity infrastructure in that coastal area. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are the key for rural electricity because RES prices are lower, especially on-grid solar photovoltaic (PV), than fossil fuel-based. Consequently, the application of solar PV in Indonesia is still not optimal due to limited regulations. Regulations that hinder the economic value of On-grid PV system are the excess energy compensation percentage and the inverter capacity limitation. Therefore, in this study, we have modelled six regulatory scenarios related to On-grid PV system. The scenarios are how the current 65% excess energy compensation is changed to 85% and 100% (1:1 ratio) and remove the regulation regarding inverter capacity limitation. Furthermore, the ownership model of cold storage is also considered by dividing it into two models, which are commercial-based and community-based. These ownership models have different financial instruments. The simulation gives a new result by changing regulation assumptions that On-grid PV system has a lower Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) than existing regulation because it can produce threefold more electricity to the utility grid with higher inverter capacity. Furthermore, the community-based cold storage rental price can be 16 % cheaper on average with all energy system topologies than the commercial-based ownership model. Then, by reducing the capital costs of solar modules and batteries in 2030, solar PV system’s LCOE will be lower by an average of 20%. It will result in an average reduction of 10% on cold storage rental prices. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the energy system is also conducted in this study. The result is that On-grid PV system is the most secure energy source against price fluctuations.

Joint-Venture Ambulatory Surgery Centers: The Perfect Partnership.

Ambulatory surgery growth has increased in the last few decades as ambulatory surgery centers have been shown to succeed in cost efficiencies through their smaller size and breadth, specialization of care, and ability to quickly participate in perioperative process improvement and education. A 5-year retrospective fiscal review was performed for all Northwell Health-physician ambulatory surgery center joint ventures. The outcome measures studied included model of ownership, specialty types, and gross revenue. Additional facility characteristics were studied, including growth trajectory, facility size, and cost to build a de novo facility. Eleven free-standing ambulatory surgery centers were identified at Northwell Health during the 5-year study period. The total gross revenue for all Northwell clinical joint ventures for 2019 alone was $102,854,000. Northwell Health is a majority stakeholder in eight of their joint venture ambulatory surgery centers, with an average Northwell ownership of 53 percent and an average number of physician owners per facility of 11. The number of hospital-physician joint-venture ambulatory surgery centers grew from two to 11 facilities during the study period (450 percent). Surgical volume followed a similar trajectory, increasing 295 percent over the same time period. The ambulatory surgery center setting provides a vast number of possibilities for key stakeholders, including patients themselves, to benefit from financial and clinical efficiencies. Ambulatory surgery centers have been popular, as they meet patient expectations for convenience of elective surgery, reduce payer and clinical pressures to minimize length of stay in hospitals, and achieve similar or higher quality care with less intense resources.

Car Ownership and the Built Environment: A Spatial Modeling Approach

Car ownership is linked to higher car use, which leads to important environmental, social and health consequences. As car ownership keeps increasing in most countries, it remains relevant to examine what factors and policies can help contain this growth. This paper uses an advanced spatial econometric modeling framework to investigate spatial dependences in household car ownership rates measured at fine geographical scales using administrative data of registered vehicles and census data of household counts for the Island of Montreal, Canada. The use of a finer level of spatial resolution allows for the use of more explanatory variables than previous aggregate models of car ownership. Theoretical considerations and formal testing suggested the choice of the Spatial Durbin Error Model (SDEM) as an appropriate modeling option. The final model specification includes sociodemographic and built environment variables supported by theory and achieves a Nagelkerke pseudo-R2 of 0.93. Despite the inclusion of those variables the spatial linear models with and without lagged explanatory variables still exhibit residual spatial dependence. This indicates the presence of unobserved autocorrelated factors influencing car ownership rates. Model results indicate that sociodemographic variables explain much of the variance, but that built environment characteristics, including transit level of service and local commercial accessibility (e.g., to grocery stores) are strongly and negatively associated with neighborhood car ownership rates. Comparison of estimates between the SDEM and a non-spatial model indicates that failing to control for spatial dependence leads to an overestimation of the strength of the direct influence of built environment variables.

Perceptions of participation and the role of gender for the engagement in solar energy communities in Sweden

BackgroundEnergy communities are emphasized by the EU as important for developing sustainable energy systems that include and engage many people. While many renewables are highly compatible with a more decentralized energy system, research indicates that participation in ‘desirable’ energy activities and energy decision-making is influenced by social and economic factors, including gender, economic status and home ownership. The overall aim of this article is to contribute to this line of inquiry by exploring how and under which conditions energy communities allow for broader participation in the energy system. This article examines how gender, as a more specific condition, influences the extent to which parties can or cannot engage with collective solar ownership models by means of a qualitative study of 11 solar energy communities and one housing association in Sweden.ResultsThe study revealed that despite the relative potential for inclusion that they hold, energy communities can raise justice concerns in terms of inequities concerning access, capacity, and opportunity to engage in decision-making.ConclusionsWhile solely focusing on gender offers a limited view of the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in renewable energy projects, it is our position that integrating it into the analysis will provide insights into possible measures to remedy limitations and accelerate the renewable energy transition.

Profit Versus Partisan Causes in Diverse Ownership Models: A Case Study of Mainstream Newspapers in East Indian City of Kolkata

The extant scholarship of media ownership, largely drawn from Anglo-Saxon studies, focuses on how corporate excesses translate to abuses of the public interest goal of journalism, paying less attention to ‘political instrumentalism’. This research aims to study how the complex interplay of business and political instrumentalism influences editorial policies in diversely owned, regional and national news media through a case study of commercially run newspapers’ coverage of anti-industrialization protests in the East Indian city of Kolkata. Through political–economic critiques and thematic analysis of newspaper articles and qualitative interviews, this research asserts the importance of the role of the ‘proprietor-editor’ and the binaries of regional/ national newspaper markets in the interplay of business and political instrumentalism in diversely owned news media.

Data Ownership and Secure Medical Data Transmission using Optimal Multiple Key-Based Homomorphic Encryption with Hyperledger Blockchain

Recent healthcare systems are defined as highly complex and expensive. But it can be decreased with enhanced electronic health records (EHR) management, using blockchain technology. The healthcare sector in today’s world needs to address two major issues, namely data ownership and data security. Therefore, blockchain technology is employed to access and distribute the EHRs. With this motivation, this paper presents novel data ownership and secure medical data transmission model using optimal multiple key-based homomorphic encryption (MHE) with Hyperledger blockchain (OMHE-HBC). The presented OMHE-HBC model enables the patients to access their own data, provide permission to hospital authorities, revoke permission from hospital authorities, and permit emergency contacts. The proposed model involves the MHE technique to securely transmit the data to the cloud and prevent unauthorized access to it. Besides, the optimal key generation process in the MHE technique takes place using a hosted cuckoo optimization (HCO) algorithm. In addition, the proposed model enables sharing of EHRs by the use of multi-channel HBC, which makes use of one blockchain to save patient visits and another one for the medical institutions in recoding links that point to EHRs stored in external systems. A complete set of experiments were carried out in order to validate the performance of the suggested model, and the results were analyzed under many aspects. A comprehensive comparison of results analysis reveals that the suggested model outperforms the other techniques.

Effects of pricing and infrastructure on car ownership: A pseudo-panel-based dynamic model

This study investigates households’ car ownership decisions in response to changes in vehicle quota control and transport infrastructure in Singapore. Unlike previous cross-sectional studies, we calibrate a dynamic car ownership model with a pseudo panel constructed from repeated cross-sectional travel surveys, controlling for the persistence of car ownership and unobserved heterogeneity. We find that the tightening of vehicle quota control and improved rail transit accessibility have reduced households’ desire to purchase cars. The long-run effect of these two policies is larger than their short-run effect due to the existence of true state dependence. The impact of expressway-network expansion is insignificant.

Institutional Joint Ownership and Enterprise Total Factor Productivity

The total factor productivity of enterprises is the core index to measure the performance of micro-enterprises, and it is one of the key indicators to measure the high-quality development of economy. Based on the 2007-2019 A-share listed company, this paper explores the impact of institutional joint ownership on the total factor productivity of enterprises from the three dimensions of whether there is institutional joint ownership, the degree of association with the industry and the proportion of institutional joint ownership. The study finds that institutional joint ownership can improve the total factor productivity of enterprises, and the higher the degree of connection and shareholdings, the more conducive to improving the total factor productivity of enterprises. Institutional joint ownership promotes enterprise R&D investment, reduces agency costs, and plays a governance role in the capital market. In state-owned enterprises and enterprises with higher levels of internal governance, institutional joint ownership can enhance the total factor productivity of enterprises more significantly. All results are still true after the robustness tests such as tool variables and placebo tests. From the perspective of institutional joint ownership, this paper discusses the impact of this emerging ownership model on corporate governance and the total factor productivity of enterprises, which is of great significance to the healthy development of capital market and the promotion of high-quality economic development. Compared with general institutional investors, institutional joint ownership can make up for the shortage of single institutional investors’ shareholdings, and the industry synergy, supervision and governance effect brought about by its information advantage and management experience will also affect the business development of enterprises, which can effectively improve the total factor productivity of enterprises in the process of maximizing benefits. Based on this, listed companies should realize that institutional joint ownership can play an active role in improving the total factor productivity of enterprises, and actively introduce and support the participation of mutual institutional investors in corporate governance. The regulatory authorities should attach importance to and guide the active participation of mutual institutional investors in the capital market, give full play to the advantages of joint institutional investors’ shareholdings, ensure the sustainability of institutional joint ownership, create a favorable investment environment, gradually improve the level of joint institutional investors’ shareholdings, strengthen supervision and performance appraisal, further standardize the market, guide institutional joint ownership to play a role in the new round of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises, and stimulate the development vitality of state-owned enterprises. With the help of this emerging ownership model in the capital market, we can construct a long-term mechanism to improve the total factor productivity, build a high-quality, high-efficiency and high-level capital market, and help China’s economic transformation and upgrading.

Electrical interconnectors: Market opportunities, regulatory issues, technology considerations and implications for the GB energy sector

The linking of different jurisdictions or markets via electrical interconnection is a long established means of offering enhanced security of supply to the wider electrical system. In recent years, new incentives around exploiting market price differentials and facilitating the growth of renewable energy have represented the primary motivation for new interconnector projects. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the technical options for delivering interconnectors, examines historical trends and discusses the ownership models, regulatory frameworks and market structures within which the investment case for new interconnectors must be made. Drawing on both technical and market considerations, the paper sets out the potential impact that interconnectors can have on the energy market and interested actors within connected markets before discussing in more detail the policy implications of the proposed roll out of new interconnector projects to the GB energy sector and suggests a number of factors beyond the current focus on consumer welfare could be given more prominence in the policy making around interconnector investment. The ways in which the UK's withdrawal from the European Union might impact on future and existing interconnectors in Britain is also discussed.

“From local island energy to degrowth? Exploring democracy, self-sufficiency, and renewable energy production in Greece and Spain”

The energy sector is at the center of the current economic system, and of literature and activism on degrowth, which questions the sustainability of current models of energy use. Local and small-scale energy systems may have the potential to reduce energy and resource consumption and to advance degrowth-related ideals of energy democracy, self-sufficiency, and local production. In the present paper we link a discussion on degrowth and local energy projects, using two case studies from southern European islands, El Hierro in Spain, and Tilos in Greece. These pioneer local energy initiatives have a complex ownership model that includes various public and private actors, and aspirations that go beyond merely electricity production to other economic and social goals. We look into the promise of these initiatives in transforming insular areas and promoting an alternative way of living, comparing attributes of the processes involved to four degrowth principles. We conclude that despite the degrowth potential of these local energy projects, their prospects are limited to revitalizing local economies and empowering local communities, but not necessarily reducing energy use or creating an alternative to the growth orientation of the islands.

Optimization of Solar PV System for Fishery Cold Storage based on Ownership Model and Regulation Barrier in Indonesia

Fluctuation in fish catch due to seasonal factors causes instability in fish prices, decreasing the quality of fish and fishermen’s incomes because there is no cold storage in some area for storing fish. Applying ownership of cold storage is divided into two models, namely commercial-based and community-based with different financial instruments. Fishery cold storage is an energy-intensive industry and Indonesia is a tropical country with abundant potential for solar irradiation. However, due to limited regulations, the application of solar photovoltaic (PV) in Indonesia is still not optimal. The simulation gives a new result by changing regulation assumptions: the solar photovoltaic on-grid system has a lower Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) because it can produce eightfold more electricity to the grid with higher inverter capacity than before. Furthermore, the rental price of community-based cold storage can be 10 % cheaper on average with all energy system topologies than the rental price for cold storage based on commercial ownership model.

A Multi-Criteria Decision Process for EV Charging Stations’ Deployment: Findings from Greece

Electro-mobility (EV) is an emerging transportation method, whose charging infrastructure development concerns a key-factor for its growth. EV charging infrastructure has not grown yet in Greece, regardless of the ambitious national targets that have been grounded for 2030 towards a climate-neutral mobility. This study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for EV charging infrastructure deployment and operation, which respects both the economic and the technical aspects for public charging stations. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was followed for the MCDM framework’s definition, which used criteria that were in the corresponding literature and performed with interviews by experts from the EV growing market in Greece. The results show that the installation and operation of public EV charging stations, located in private spaces to ensure their protection against vandalism, within the urban areas is the preferred deployment approach. Moreover, this article tests a market model for the EV charging infrastructure ownership and operation. Findings show that the incentive for investment in EV charging infrastructure market in Greece, is driven by the direct investments of limited vendors, while it is not economically oriented, but it focuses on sustainability and environmental protection.

868Harnessing new approaches and contemporary methods for better evidence on housing and health

868Harnessing new approaches and contemporary methods for better evidence on housing and health

New Trends in the Apparel Industry: Exploring New Access-Based Consumption Models in the Mexican Market

Building on the access-based consumption and sharing economy literature, this research explores new trends of apparel consumption among Mexican women. The methodology used is a qualitative approach based on 12 in-depth interviews. The field research took place in the three main cities of Mexico: Mexico City, Monterrey, and Guadalajara. The analysis found different ways to access apparel: a) lending; b) renting from a physical store; c) renting from an online website; d) shared purchase; e) online purchase; and f) purchase from a physical store. Therefore, participants mentioned more alternatives for access￾based consumption than for traditional purchase models. The possession of things (ownership model), especially status possessions such as clothes and accessories, is far from disappearing. However, it is important to better understand the scope and impact of the access-based consumption model in developing countries.