Model Of Cognitive Structure Research Articles

Development of cognitive capacities in 6-7 year-old children through problem situations in mathematics

Problem and objective. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for the development of cognitive capacities in the senior preschool age since they form a basis for general giftedness. However, there is no generally accepted point of view in the scientific and pedagogical community as to understanding the essence of children’s cognitive capacities and defining their structure. One of the means to develop these abilities is represented by problem situations which, in the process of their solution, have a positive effect on cognitive capacities. The purpose of the study: modelling the component structure of cognitive capacities and their practical development in children of senior preschool age using problem situations. Materials and methods. A system analysis of scientific sources was carried out; a pedagogical experiment was carried out covering 48 children of the Municipal state-run preschool educational institution “Kindergarten No. 72” of Kirov; a set of variable problem situations in mathematics aimed at the development of cognitive capacities in children aged 6-7 was developed and tested. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in the processing of the results. Results. The component structure of senior preschool children’s cognitive capacities was developed which includes cognitive processes as well as the forms and properties of intellection. Problem situations of four types are used for the development of cognitive capacities: a problem question, an entertaining question, an entertaining task and a joke task. Their use contributes to the effective development of all structural components of cognitive capacities: a statistically significant shift was recorded in the experimental group at a significance level of p<0.01, while it was absent in the control group. Conclusion. The author’s concept of children’s cognitive capacities is formulated; a model of cognitive capacities component structure in senior preschool children was developed; preschool children’s specific skills for each substantive component of cognitive capacities were identified; the expediency of using problem situations in mathematics for the development of intellection processes as one of the components of senior preschool children’s cognitive capacities was experimentally proved.

Applying Fuzzy Cognitive Map Based on Structural Equation Modeling for Perceiving the Service Quality and Attributes in Service Industry

<p>This study explores why the business firm survival due to provide the service quality and perceived values since servicescape, waiting experiences and food quality are three major factors that affect customer intentions. Therefore, the most examined restaurant attributes are included physical setting and environment, wait time, and food and service quality in this study. Servicescape positively effects perceived service quality. However, service quality is an overall judgment that a based on the perception of the object in consumer process of customer and can be seen as the result of customer evaluation. Therefore, we analyze data from 396 full-service restaurant diners in Taiwan based on Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) to investigate hypothesis and to identify the most relevant decision factors to enhance outcome variables and furthers to help decision makers have a clear picture of affecting factors in the customer behavioral intention. The findings support the model and show that perceived overall service quality and perceived value do exert mediating effects in the relationship between restaurant-related attributes and customer behavioral intention. This study could ultimately contribute to the business firms in service industry to provide decision makers the most desirable outcomes to survival the competitive society.</p> <p> </p>

Geology-driven modeling: A new probabilistic approach for incorporating uncertain geological interpretations in 3D geological modeling

Combining different sources of information about the subsurface is an inherent challenge in the process of making realistic geological and hydrostratigraphic models. Often the available geological and hydrological data from boreholes or outcrops are sparse and modeling is supplemented spatially with geophysical data to obtain a better understanding of the 3D lithological, structural, and hydrological relations in the study area. In traditional geological modeling, the modeler combines all this information during modeling and consider several factors like e.g., distance to neighboring data, consistency between different information, data uncertainty and geological environment when assigning uncertainties to the interpretation points. However, the assigned uncertainty is subjective and can only be communicated qualitatively. The benefit of a probabilistic model is that it enables a more quantifiable approach to subsurface modeling, but probabilistic models are usually difficult to set up, computationally demanding as well as difficult to interpret for the geologist and decision makers. Moreover, there is little tradition for including geological knowledge/information directly in probabilistic approaches. In the following, we utilize the interpretations from a traditional manually interpreted (cognitive) 3D hydrostratigraphic layer model as input for a probabilistic model. A realization of the subsurface is created from a geological or hydrostratigraphic model by geostatistical simulation of each interpreted layer based on the geologist's interpretation points with corresponding uncertainties. By compiling all the simulated layers, a 3D structural model is obtained. By studying a sample of such 3D realizations, the interpretation uncertainty in the cognitive structural model can be derived. We name this methodology geology-driven modeling (GDM) as it is based on geological interpreted data rather than the geophysical data directly. The methodology is tested using sequential Gaussian simulation on a cognitive hydrostratigraphic model from Denmark. Our results show that GDM successfully allows transforming the static cognitive model into a full probabilistic model and enables the uncertainties to be communicated to further modeling or decisionmakers. The proposed methodology allows updating pre-existing 3D geological and hydrostratigraphic layer models in a geologically intuitive stochastic framework or be directly incorporated into the current modeling framework.

فـاعلية نموذج البنية المعرفية لتدريس الرياضيات في تنمية مهارات التواصل الرياضي لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الإعدادية

هدف البحث الحالي التعرف على فاعلية نموذج البنية المعرفية لتدريس الرياضيات في تنمية مهارات التواصل الرياضي لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الإعدادية، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث استخدم الباحث المنهج شبه التجريبي، وتکونت أدوات الدراسة من اختبار في مهارات التواصل الرياضي في مهارات (الکتابة الرياضية، التمثيل الرياضي، القراءة الرياضية)، وتم تطبيق البحث على عينة اختيرت بالطريقة العشوائية حيث بلغ إجمالي العينة (113) تلميذ من تلاميذ الصف الأول الإعدادي من مدرسة منشأة البدوي الجديدة للتعليم الأساسي (ع) مرکز طلخا محافظة الدقهلية، تکونت المجموعة التجريبية من (57) تلميذ تم تدريسهم باستخدام نموذج البنية المعرفية لتدريس الرياضيات، والمجموعة الضابطة من (56) تلميذ تم تدريسهم بالطريقة التقليدية، وقد توصلت نتائج البحث إلى النتائج التالية: - يوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى(α ≤ 0.05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية التي درست وفقا لنموذج البنية المعرفية لتدريس الرياضيات والمجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة التقليدية في التطبيق البعدي في اختبار مهارات التواصل الرياضي لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. - يوجد فرق دال احصائيا عند مستوى(α ≤ 0.05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية في التطبيقين (القبلي والبعدي) لاختبار مهارات التواصل الرياضي لصالح التطبيق البعدي. وفي ضوء النتائج قدم الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات کان من أهمها ضرورة استخدام نموذج البنية المعرفية لتدريس الرياضيات کمدخل لتنمية مهارات التواصل الرياضي. (الکلمات المفتاحية: نموذج البنية المعرفية لتدريس الرياضيات، مهارات التواصل الرياضي) Abstract The purpose of the current research was to identify the effectiveness of the cognitive structure model to teach mathematics on development of skills of mathematical communication among the preparatory school students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the quasi-experimental approach. The study tools consisted of a test in mathematical communication skills in written communication skills, mathematical representation and mathematical reading, and enabling the application of research on a randomly chosen sample with a total of (113) students from the first preparatory grade students from Menshat Badawi El-Gedida School for Basic Education, the experimental group consisted of (57) students were taught using the cognitive structure of mathematics teaching model, and the control group (56) students were taught using the traditional teaching technique. The study reached to the following results: - There was a statistically significant difference (α ≤ 0.05) between the average scores of posttest of mathematical communication between the experimental group that was taught using cognitive structure model of mathematics teaching and the control group that was taught using the traditional method in favor of the experimental group. - There was a statistically significant difference (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in the two applications (pre and post) to test mathematical communication skills in favor of post application. In the light of the obtained results, the researcher suggested a set of recommendations, the most important of which was the necessity of using the cognitive structure model in mathematics teaching aiming to the development of mathematical communication skills. (Keywords: cognitive structure model for mathematics teaching, mathematical communication skills)

A Study of the Interplay between Intuition and Rationality in Valuation Decision Making

ABSTRACTThere is widespread acceptance that both intuition and rationality can play significant roles in valuation decision-making. However, a study that specifically examines how intuitive and rational approaches interact is still missing. This study addresses this gap by applying cognitive theories of information processing and using a very detailed analysis of verbal protocols to propose a model of cognitive structure that identifies and describes the reasoning of property valuers during a commercial valuation task. The empirical data suggest that valuers start with an established goal and then engage in analytical and intuitive thinking until a valuation outcome has been reached. It is argued that a major reason for effective valuation decision-making, in a real-world context, is that the cognitive processes required by experts’ analytical and intuitive thinking demonstrate greater degree of cohesiveness and interrelatedness. The ability of valuers to integrate more intuition into their largely rational decision-making process suggests the need for valuation professional organisations to formally acknowledge intuition as an important component of valuation professional competence and skill requirement and to customise professional valuers’ training and development programmes to facilitate the development of appropriate intuitive approaches for effective valuation decision-making.

Non-Cognitive variables Predicting Middle School Student Academic Achievement Profiles in Korean Languages and mathematics: Using Cognitive Diagnostic Model and Structural Equation Model

Non-Cognitive variables Predicting Middle School Student Academic Achievement Profiles in Korean Languages and mathematics: Using Cognitive Diagnostic Model and Structural Equation Model

Benefit-based O2O commerce segmentation: a means-end chain approach

We examined Online-to-Offline (O2O) commerce consumers’ market segments and consumption relevant cognitive structures. Laddering interview technique was employed to collect data from 51 O2O consumers in terms of benefits they sought from O2O platforms. A three-group O2O consumer segments were identified based on the benefits they sought, namely Return-sensitive shoppers, Risk-sensitive shoppers, and Rational shoppers, and a corresponding hierarchical cognitive structure model for each sub-group of consumers was developed linking attributes needed to fulfill the benefits and values to reinforce the benefits. The three sub-group O2O consumers were found to be significantly different in terms of the key benefits sought and attributes needed to realize the same benefit sought. Moreover, benefit-based segmentation has shown advantages over the item-based segmentation method used in prior research. This study makes a significant contribution to O2O business regarding consumer purchasing behaviors and segmentation methodology.

Integrative Modeling and the Role of Neural Constraints

Neuroscience constrains psychology, but stating these constraints with precision is not simple. Here I consider whether mechanistic analysis provides a useful way to integrate models of cognitive and neural structure. Recent evidence suggests that cognitive systems map onto overlapping, distributed networks of brain regions. These highly entangled networks often depart from stereotypical mechanistic behaviors. While this casts doubt on the prospects for classical mechanistic integration of psychology and neuroscience, I argue that it does not impugn a realistic interpretation of either type of model. Cognitive and neural models may depict different, but equally real, causal structures within the mind/brain.

More is better? The influencing of user involvement on user loyalty in online travel community

ABSTRACTSince user stickiness is low in most online communities due to user easy transferability, assessing the influence of user involvement on user loyalty is paramount. Using an online travel community and a four-level consumer cognitive structure model as a theoretical basis, this study combines semi-structured interviews and scenario-based questionnaires to investigate this relationship. Results suggest that breadth of involvement has an inverted U-curve effect on user loyalty, while depth of involvement has a positive influence. Sense of virtual community both moderates and mediates the relationship between breadth of involvement and loyalty, but does not moderate and only partially mediates depth of involvement and loyalty. Both service value to peaceful life and service value to social integration partially mediate user involvement and loyalty, but service value to social recognition does not.

Using Self-Organizing Neural Network Map Combined with Ward's Clustering Algorithm for Visualization of Students' Cognitive Structural Models about Aliveness Concept.

We propose an approach to clustering and visualization of students' cognitive structural models. We use the self-organizing map (SOM) combined with Ward's clustering to conduct cluster analysis. In the study carried out on 100 subjects, a conceptual understanding test consisting of open-ended questions was used as a data collection tool. The results of analyses indicated that students constructed the aliveness concept by associating it predominantly with human. Motion appeared as the most frequently associated term with the aliveness concept. The results suggest that the aliveness concept has been constructed using anthropocentric and animistic cognitive structures. In the next step, we used the data obtained from the conceptual understanding test for training the SOM. Consequently, we propose a visualization method about cognitive structure of the aliveness concept.

Visual Analysis of Cognitive Structure based on the Human-Machine Interaction

Learning is a process that changes the cognitive structure, which is the important representation of advanced cognition. Due to the difficulties in observing cognition, the empirical and visual researches of cognitive structure are sig- nificant. To realize the empirical research, the first issue is how to observe the cognitive structures. Based on the human- machine interaction, we have established a new Brain cognitive body - cognitive coupling Situations - information Mani- folds (BSM) cognition observation platform. This platform allows the users to observe the cognitive processes and struc- tures, collect and re-structure the cognitive activity information. Additionally, the cognitive structure imaging, the empiri- cal and visual analysis and the dimension reduction for high-dimensional cognitive manifolds can be realized on this BSM platform. Here, we have selected the tree-based network to represent the low-dimensional cognitive manifolds to develop a visual and vectorial model of layered cognitive structure. The digital model of cognitive structure is able to provide the basis for studying the empirical research, mathematics and dynamics of the cognitive structure, and the new ways for the advanced cognitive research.

'Krojenje' in Serbian chant: Application of cognitive structural models of improvisation

Serbian chant, which was formed on the territory of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci in the late 18th century, has been transmitted primarily by oral tradition for a long time, despite numerous attempts to make church melodies available for liturgical use by producing miscellaneous collections. In the process of the oral transmission of the melodies belonging to the so-called short chant (i. e. less melismatic chant), hymns of the Osmoglasnik (Octoechos) serve as a basis for krojenje (literally: tailoring), which means the adaptation of the melody to a text. Since the procedure of krojenje involves simultaneously detaching Osmoglasnik melodies from their original texts and attaching them to the texts from other liturgical books without notation and realized orally, improvisation is an inherent feature of the krojenje process. Improvisation is an integral part of the creative procedure during the act of performing, even in cases when the musical work is not altogether created by improvisation, as is the case with hymns of contemporary Serbian chant. The relation between krojenje and certain levels of creation, initiated our interdisciplinary - musicological and psychological - research, with the aim of determining the structure of the improvisational process in shaping the melodies in Serbian chant, based on the analysis and application of musical-cognitive structural models.

The limitations of model fit in comparing the bi-factor versus higher-order models of human cognitive ability structure

We addressed the question of whether the bi-factor or higher-order model is the more appropriate model of human cognitive ability structure. In previously published nested confirmatory factor analyses, the bi-factor model tended to be better fitting than the higher-order model; however, these studies did not consider a possible inherent statistical bias favouring the fit of the bi-factor model. In our own analyses and consistent with previous empirical results, the bi-factor model was also better fitting than the higher-order model. However, simulation results suggested that the comparison of bi-factor and higher-order models is substantially biased in favour of the bi-factor model when, as is commonly the case in CFA analyses, there is unmodelled complexity. These results suggest that decisions as to which model to adopt either as a substantive description of human cognitive ability structure or as a measurement model in empirical analyses should not rely on which is better fitting.

A Study of the Influential Factors on the Sense of Busyness in the Industrial Organization: Towards the Construction of a Cognitive Structure Model of Busyness

A Study of the Influential Factors on the Sense of Busyness in the Industrial Organization: Towards the Construction of a Cognitive Structure Model of Busyness

Grief as a Social Emotion: Theoretical Perspectives

The article explores a sociological perspective on grief as a social emotion. Focusing on the social bond with the deceased, the self-concept of the survivor or the power of feeling rules, general sociological theories of emotions (symbolic interactionism, structural theory, behavioral theory) have the potential to deepen the understanding of grief as a social emotion. The article concludes by presenting a cognitive-structural model of grief that integrates the different theoretical elements.

Content-Based Approach in Exploring the Cognitive Structure of Values

This article discusses the content-based approach in examination of values. In the content-based approach, human thinking in different contexts is set at the focal point, and attention is devoted to those cognitive processes through which mental representations are constructed. The information contents of mental representations play a decisive role in understanding human behavior. By applying content-based analysis to an examination of the conceptual contents of human values, it is possible to reach a deeper understanding of the cognitive structure which lies as the motivational foundation of actions. In this article, it is argued that different informational contents of values explain variance actualized in behaviors. A suggestion for a model of cognitive structure of values is presented. The model illustrates different information contents related to particular object.

Using fuzzy cognitive map and structural equation model for market-oriented hotel and performance

Firms are different from markets, resources and managerial expertise. Many studies strongly advocate that firms adopt a market orientation to achieve competitive advantage and can transform firm assets into superior performance. A paucity of research exists on how to develop market-oriented hotel and performance and is lacking an integrated framework to establish them. For establishing a guideline enabling systematic approaches to understand them, find or choose which combinations of changes in factors that would lead to the most desirable outcomes in order to adapt to the objectives of the hotel and to fill some research gaps. This study adopts concept of Total Quality Management (TQM’s) IPO (Input-Processing-Output) and Resource-Based View to construct research model and use the Fuzzy Cognitive map and Structural Equation Model. By these objective methods make the decision maker has a clear picture of building competitive advantages in the hotel industry, identify and assess a lot of hypothetical situations which might occur in reality and to detect a group of the most desirable outcomes in limited hotel resource. Key words: Competitive advantage, market orientation, resource-based view, structural equation model, fuzzy cognitive map.

Spirituality in Counseling: A Faith Development Perspective

This article describes the use of Fowler's (1981) faith development theory (FDT) in counseling. FDT is a stage model of spiritual and religious development that allows counselors to identify both adaptive qualities and potential encumbrances in spiritual or religious expression. FDT offers a nonsectarian model of spiritual growth that permits assessment of spiritual development apart from the specific contents of various faith traditions. This article summarizes Fowler's faith stages and demonstrates their clinical utility through composite vignettes.

MODELING OF COGNITIVE STRUCTURE OF UNCERTAIN SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS USING FUZZY-ROUGH SETS AND INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS: EXAMPLE OF THE LIFE CONCEPT

In this study, using fuzzy-rough set and intuitionistic fuzzy set approaches, we propose a cognitive structural model for the concept of life for which a certain definition can not be made because of scientific uncertainty as well as moral, legal, and theological aspects. Total 191 first-year students from seven different high schools in a large western city in Turkey participated in the study. An open-ended conceptual understanding (CULC) test, developed by the researcher, was used for data collection. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 students and their biology teachers to clarify ambiguous points in students' responses to the CULC test. The results of analyses indicated that students constructed the concept of life by associating it predominantly with 'human'. Motion appeared as the most frequently associated term with the concept of life. The results suggest that the life concept has been constructed using animistic-anthropocentric cognitive schemes. In the next step, we evaluated the data obtained from the CULC test using the fuzzy-rough set and intuitionistic fuzzy set theories. Consequently, we propose an 'animistic-anthropocentric structural model' about cognitive construction of the concept of life.

Strategies and problem representations: Implications for models of changing cognitive structure. Commentary on “Learning new problem-solving strategies leads to changes in problem representation” by M.W. Alibali, K.M. Ockuly and A.D. Fischer

In an accompanying study, Alibali et al. [Alibali, M. W., Ockuly, K. M., Fischer, A. D. (2009) Learning new problem-solving strategies leads to changes in problem representation. Cognitive Development, 24, 89–101.] present an important experimental result: introducing a new strategy can affect conceptual aspects of children's problem representation. In this commentary, we briefly explore implications of this finding for theories of the development of mathematical cognition and of the development of cognitive structures, more generally. We argue that Alibali et al.’s results, taken in the context of previous findings, imply that children's actions during mathematical problem solving affect their subsequent understanding of the problem. We further suggest that results such as these may be best accommodated by reconceptualizing how cognitive structures achieve both stability and flexibility.