Broadcast Model Research Articles

On messy broadcasting in directed hyper-cylinder graphs

In classical broadcast models, information is disseminated in synchronous rounds under the constant communication time model, where a node informs only one neighbour per time unit – also known as the processor-bound model. These models assume either a leader coordinates actions or each node has a set of coordinated actions (or can compute them) optimized for each originator. In the latter case, nodes must have enough storage, processing power, and the ability to determine the originator. This assumption is not always ideal, and a broadcast model based on local knowledge can be more practical. Messy models address this by removing the leader, starting time knowledge, and originator information, leaving each node with only local knowledge. A new class of graphs, Hyper-cylinders, inspired by broadcast behaviour and the common use of Torus, Grid, and Hypercube structures, is introduced. This paper explores the broadcast time and optimum schemes for Hyper-cylinders under Messy models, deriving known theorems, including those for directed Torus and undirected Hypercube, as corollaries. Additionally, it provides corollary results for subtypes like Grid and Spider Web Graphs.

Opportunities and challenges of local content-based broadcasting models in north Sumatra province digitalization era

Abstract Local content models must be developed so as not to be crushed by other content in the digital era. This study explored the opportunities and challenges of local content-based broadcasting models in the digitalization era of North Sumatra Province. This study used a quantitative method with 400 respondents and conducted in-depth interviews with four informants: the regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission, Medan TVRI, Efarina TV, and Commercial Radio Practitioners. The study results indicated that broadcasting institutions place local content rarely watched at times, the quality was inadequate, and the broadcasts are continuously repeated. Commercial radio broadcasting institutions indicated that local content is an option to gain identity, deliberately preserved to gain characteristics and a wider audience. Opportunities for local content-based broadcasting models in the digital era in North Sumatra Province can develop broader and richer programs on television and radio. The challenges faced were human resources in terms of skills and mentality, creativity, production costs, facilities, and infrastructure. Another challenge was that more and more competitors had specific characteristics, and it was difficult to get local content advertising positions because they had to compete with other media players to get the market.

Local geometry of NAE-SAT solutions in the condensation regime

AbstractThe local behavior of typical solutions of random constraint satisfaction problems (csp) describes many important phenomena including clustering thresholds, decay of correlations, and the behavior of message passing algorithms. When the constraint density is low, studying the planted model is a powerful technique for determining this local behavior which in many examples has a simple Markovian structure. The work of Coja-Oghlan, Kapetanopoulos, Müller (Comb Prob Comput 29:346-422, 2020) showed that for a wide class of models, this description applies up to the so-called condensation threshold. Understanding the local behavior after the condensation threshold is more complex due to long-range correlations. In this work, we revisit the random regular nae-sat model in the condensation regime and determine the local weak limit which describes a random solution around a typical variable. This limit exhibits a complicated non-Markovian structure arising from the space of solutions being dominated by a small number of large clusters. This is the first description of the local weak limit in the condensation regime for any sparse random csps in the one-step replica symmetry breaking (1rsb) class. Our result is non-asymptotic and characterizes the tight fluctuation $$O(n^{-1/2})$$ O ( n - 1 / 2 ) around the limit. Our proof is based on coupling the local neighborhoods of an infinite spin system, which encodes the structure of the clusters, to a broadcast model on trees whose channel is given by the 1rsb belief-propagation fixed point. We believe that our proof technique has broad applicability to random csps in the 1rsb class.

A Gaussian Variogram‐Based Model of Total Electron Content in the Regional Ionosphere of China

AbstractThis study utilizes ionospheric total electron contents (TECs) data from China and its surrounding areas to compute the regional ionospheric semi‐variance using the Gaussian variogram. The regional ionospheric model is then constructed by introducing an additional stochastic term, named adjusted Spherical Harmonics Adding KrigING method (SHAKING), in which the stochastic Vertical Total Electron Content estimated using Kriging interpolation based on Ionospheric Variogram Model Parameters (IVMP) predict model. In the IVMP prediction model, two notable periodic patterns, that is, diurnal and annual signals with periods of 365.25/i days and 24/j hours, are recognized as Fourier series decompositions. These patterns capture the regular daily and yearly periodic variations in variogram parameters, and the IVMP prediction model is established using harmonic estimation methods. IVMP‐SHAKING is employed to generate the regional ionospheric map in China using multi‐GNSS data from 27 reference stations during days of the year 150–250 in 2022, with 14 rover stations used for evaluation. Results indicate that the proposed model exhibits a standard deviation of 4.85 TECu compared to the difference of slant TEC extracted from rover stations. Compared to existing models, including BDS‐3 broadcast ionospheric model (BDGIM), GPS broadcast model (Klobuchar), Galileo broadcast model (NeQuickG) and post‐processing Global Ionospheric Map released by IGS (IGSG), the accuracy of IVMP‐SHAKING improves by 6%–52%. Additionally, the Standard Point Positioning performance with different ionospheric corrections is analyzed on test stations. Results demonstrate that the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy of the IVMP‐SHAKING model improves by 31%–55% and 16%–33%, respectively, compared to other three solutions.

A Linear-Time Optimal Broadcasting Algorithm in Stars of Cliques

For the telephone broadcast model, an $O(n\log n)$-time algorithm for constructing an optimal broadcasting scheme in a star of cliques with a total of $n$ vertices was recently presented by Ambashankar and Harutyunyan at IWOCA 2024. In the present note we give a considerably shorter and purified algorithm description and correctness proof. Moreover, we improve the time complexity to $O(n)$.

SOCIAL ADVERTISING IN THE SPACE OF THE URBAN SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT: CONDITIONS AND METHODS OF SUCCESSFUL POSITIONING

The image of the modern socio-cultural environment is constructed using various means and tools. This article is devoted to the analysis of social advertising as a product of design design of modern urban spaces. The relevance of the development of social advertising is increasing in connection with the “visual turn” as a special stage in the existence of culture in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The authors rely on the environmental approach of the study of modern culture. The success of social advertising, therefore, can be assessedfrom the standpoint of compliance with current value trends and attitudes of the audience, as well as understood as a tool for their active construction of the cultural environment of the city. The purpose of the research review is to identify the functional aspects and possibilities of social advertising in the context of design design and semantic construction of socially significant values of society. The article examines the informational, ideological, sociointegrative and educational functions of social advertising. The classification of social advertising on various grounds is presented (depending on the subject or object of communication, the nature and scale of impact, segments of the target audience, broadcast models and formats of the advertising message). A historical retrospective of the development of social advertising in Russia is given; trends in the placement of social advertising in the Russian and foreign urban space are analyzed. A detailed description of specific examples of the use of social advertising in various districts of the city of Chelyabinsk is given. The problems of using social advertising in the context of design design in Chelyabinsk (lack of a single visual code, ill-conceived conceptual arrangement of advertising objects) are outlined. The effective methods of introducing social advertising through the use of technological innovations are analyzed.It is concluded that social advertising as a product of design activity is able to design the space of a modern city, making changes to the value picture of the world of a modern person.

Уточнение границ областей уверенного приема телевизионного сигнала в одночастотной сети DVB-T2

One of the ways to clarify the zones of a television signal’s confident reception in single-frequency networks (SFN) DVB-T2 deployed on previously existing infrastructure of analog signal’s television is considered. A simulation model of the SFN broadcasting consist of module of the propagation of radio waves, module of a transmitting station, module of a receiving station and a geoinformation system. It has been revealed that the DVB-T2 broadcasting modes, the effective antenna suspension heights and the effective radiated power of transmitters, which are used in DVB-T2 broadcasting, can lead not only to the appearance of areas of intra-character interference with reduced television signal quality inside the service area, but also to the effect of the so-called "intra-network amplification". The discrepancy between the used protective interval (PI) and the topology of the studied OSS has been established.

EVOLVING DYNAMICS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL MARKETING AND TRADITIONAL MARKETING STRATEGIES IN RESHAPING BRAND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS

The dynamic evolution of marketing strategies from traditional to digital methodologies has fundamentally reshaped the landscape of brand-customer relationships. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of digital marketing and traditional marketing strategies, focusing on their respective impacts on brand-consumer interactions. Traditional marketing, rooted in tangible mediums like print ads and television commercials, operated on a broadcast model with limited customization. In contrast, digital marketing harnesses the power of online platforms, social media, and data analytics to engage with consumers on a personal level, offering unparalleled opportunities for targeted advertising, real-time interaction, and measurable campaign effectiveness. The significance of integrating digital marketing into overall business strategies is highlighted, emphasizing advantages such as targeted marketing, real-time performance tracking, cost-effectiveness, deeper customer connections, and global reach. Case studies of successful transitions from traditional to digital marketing by companies like Nike and Dove illustrate the transformative impact of embracing digital strategies to cultivate authentic brand-consumer relationships. Moreover, the paper delves into the rise of digital marketing catalysts, including the accessibility of the internet, democratization of information, data analytics, and mobile technology, driving innovation and connectivity in marketing practices. It underscores the importance of integrating traditional and digital marketing strategies to create cohesive, omnichannel campaigns that resonate with diverse audiences. Additionally, the paper discusses the significance of personalized experiences, ethical considerations, and the need for agility in navigating the evolving digital landscape. Future research avenues include exploring emerging technologies like AR, VR, and blockchain in marketing, as well as addressing ethical implications such as data privacy and algorithmic bias.

Eksistensi Radio Melalui Konvergensi Siaran di Era Digital

Radio is a communication medium that must now be able to compete with new media which is currently increasingly massive. The aim of this research is to find out how national private broadcast radio in West Java is able to maintain its existence and the strategies it implements to continue to exist amidst competition with digital information platforms that currently exist. Research respondents were managers of local radio stations in West Java, especially those in Bandung, Cimahi, Sukabumi and Cirebon. This research uses qualitative methods by describing the result of questioners and interviewing and then processing them in the form of descriptive narratives and pie diagram. The results of this research are that almost all private broadcast radio stations in the West Java region that were respondents implemented a convergence strategy to maintain their existence and made changes to their broadcast model management. Some of the convergence strategies implemented are broadcasting via digital streaming, creating more interesting broadcast program content with an audio-visual style such as podcasts, choosing broadcasters who have popularity and character, upgrading broadcast equipment, having social media as a branding and content publication medium, and upload content to YouTube media. This convergence strategy is also carried out to increase interest and the number of advertisers so that they can continue to choose radio as a medium for marketing the products and services offered more widely and in a contemporary style.

INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING OF GREAT BRITAIN IN A GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT

The article analyses the role of international broadcasting as a foreign policy tool in Great Britain and its transformation in the context of geopolitical changes. The relevance of this vector of research is based on the fact that for all the years of its existence, British foreign broadcasting has played a significant role both in the global media landscape and in the media spaces of most macro-regions of the world — European, Arab, African, etc. In addition, the formation of an image of the British National Broadcaster (BBC) as the benchmark of high standards of journalistic practice is undeniable. The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of the international broadcasting of Great Britain as a foreign policy tool and the features of the transformation of its goals and objectives under the influence of geopolitical imperatives. In order to achieve this goal, the tasks of identifying the stages of formation and development of the British foreign broadcasting system and finding out the influence of the geopolitical context on the transformation of the goals and target audiences of this broadcasting were implemented. It was revealed that the BBC World Service in different periods of its existence practised different models of broadcasting, realizing their inherent goals — colonial broadcasting (maintaining the unity of the British Empire), counter-propaganda in the interwar period and the period of the Second World War (countering informational influence alienation of Nazi Germany and the USSR), propaganda during the Second World War (formation of favourable public opinion regarding the activities of the anti-Hitler coalition) and the Cold War (anti-communist propaganda), in the times of the bipolar and post-bipolar world — positioning itself as a "surrogate" media that provides truthful news in countries where access to independent sources of information is limited by political regimes. As for the target audience, after a short period of purely colonial broadcasting, the objects of which were only British expatriates, the BBC’s international broadcasting has expanded to the indigenous population of the British colonies, as well as to the population of other countries.

Communication Strategy of Broadcaster through Visual Radio Broadcasting

The purpose of this study is to examine the various strategies used by RRI NET broadcasters in increasing and attracting the interest of radio listeners and viewers, especially in the Entertainment Zone channel through a visual radio broadcast model. The research approach used in this study is a qualitative research using the case study method. The data collection methods used, both for primary and secondary data include observation, interviews, documentation studies and focus group discussions. In collecting primary data, the researcher took from observations and interviews with sources directly on Radio RRI Jakarta, as well as by utilizing secondary data that can be accessed by various modes of information related to entertainment zones via RRI NET broadcasts. The data analysis technique used in this study is a simple data reduction technique to obtain a high level of data accuracy and trust. The results of this study state that the increase in interest and the number of listeners streaming on the Entertainment Zone radio visual channel is due to the presentation of interesting content and in line with current trends among young people. In addition, several specific strategies carried out by broadcasters in the Entertainment Zone channel include: implementing all the elements of effective communication of the Lasswell model, forming air personality and attractive broadcast styles, as well as understanding broadcast concepts and being selective in choosing sources according to the needs/desires of listeners channel Entertainment Zone.

GERMAN PUBLIC BROADCASTING MODEL: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECT

The communication rights enshrined in Part 1 of Article 5 of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany — freedom of expression, freedom of informa-tion, press, broadcasting, and cinema (Kommunikationsgrundrechte) are of constitu-tive importance for German democracy, since the process of forming of public opinion, which is important for the functioning of democratic institutions, depends on the level of their guarantee. At the same time, due to the special persuasiveness of the audiovi-sual form of information presentation, broadcasting is the most significant means of influence. Public service broadcasting (öffentlich- rechtlicher Rundfunk) is central to the German broadcasting system, while the role of private broadcasters is secondary. The decisive importance of public broadcasting in shaping the political opinion of Ger-man citizens presupposes the existence of sufficient and effective constitutional and legal guarantees that exclude the instrumentalization of this institution by the state, industry, and other influential public groups. The article, taking into account the historical con-text and using examples from the legislation and practice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, analyzes these guarantees, and also describes the basic constitutional and legal principles of the functioning of the broadcasting system in Germany. As a conclusion, a set of the basic essential characteristics of the German model of public broadcasting is fixed, which might be used for further critical consideration of this institution.

Out of Time: BBC Northern Ireland and the Paradoxes of Partition

This article considers the contradictions of British broadcasting in northern Ireland. Established in 1924, following war and partition, the BBC in the sectarian state of Northern Ireland was permitted to develop at an arm’s length and out of sync with the national model of British broadcasting. Structured on the colonial presumption of neutrality on the part of British interests in Ireland, British television, during the Troubles, took for granted the legitimacy of partition and, as a result, misconstrued the causes of conflict. Throughout the period up to negotiation of the 1998 settlement – the Good Friday Agreement – and down to the present era, British perspectives on the crisis neglected the precedence of parallels in the Irish experience of partition, notably, since 2010, when confronted with the resurgent forces of ethnic nationalism (aka Brexit). In its post-public-service dotage, the BBC has responded poorly to a constitutional crisis from which the Union of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (that is, the UK) may not recover. So much so that, by now, amid a series of politically awkward centenaries, it is argued, the BBC and the partitionist project of NI, are each in their own way manifesting signs of morbidity, and both are running out of time.

The New Pirate TV: Examining the Remediation and Online Narrowcasting of Justin.tv in a New Media Environment

This article examines the rise of online narrowcasting and the battle over the right to remediate ephemeral televisual content through the case study of Justin.tv. The platform became wildly popular, garnering forty-five million monthly users at its height, because it allowed anyone with a stable Internet connection to become a distributor of content. The platform quickly transitioned from a place for “life-casting” to one where users were narrowcasting a wide array of content, including original media, copyrighted live television and sports programs, and taped archives of television shows. This platform-shifted retransmission of televisual content caught the attention of traditional broadcasters and the US Congress. Justin.tv’s narrowcasts followed the traditional linear model of broadcasting but also included the interactivity and open-source usage rules of Web 2.0. This led to a conflict in which the copyright holders attempted to redefine the retransmission of the content—which had originally been intended to be temporary—as stealing. Considering the explosive growth of live-streaming platforms such as Twitch (Justin.tv’s successor) during the COVID-19 pandemic, reexamining the antecedents of narrowcasting and contested sites of remediation through Justin.tv provides important context for understanding the current media ecosystem.

Spanish Twitch streamers: Personal influence in a broadcast model akin to television

Following the migration of influencers from YouTube to Twitch and the boom in popularity experienced by the latter social network, this paper explores if brands are capitalizing on the influence capacity of streamers or if streamers might be getting money from their own content. In order to investigate this, it was necessary to perform a quantitative analysis on the publication schedules and broadcast formats used by streamers. This facilitated the simultaneous identification of another main finding: Spanish streamers are using a broadcast model on Twitch that resembles that of open linear television. Although they only broadcast content related to videogames, trends towards other types of audiovisual content have already been identified. Moreover, it has been found that influential streamers prioritize Twitch over other social networks even though feedback flows have been detected, especially from Twitch to other platforms. This work represents a contribution to knowledge in terms of understanding Twitch and understanding platforms and influencers. It is important to determine whether these new forms of broadcasting and interaction could be considered a hybrid model between linear television and social media streaming.

FEATURES OF THE BROADCASTING MODEL IN UKRAINE

The article deals with an actual problem – the peculiarities of the television and radio broadcasting model in Ukraine. Issues of the history of the formation of radio and television in our country, as well as individual issues of legislative regulation of this sphere, were considered. The structural features of the mentioned model are noted, and an own version of its definition is proposed. The relevant structure of the organization and functioning of French broadcasting was analyzed and the possibility of taking into account the experience of this country in the domestic media sphere was emphasized. A list of the main features of the broadcasting model in Ukraine is provided. It is concluded that in order to implement the tasks and functions, to achieve high standards of media work introduced in developed democratic countries, it is necessary to take into account those features that characterize the model of television and radio broadcasting in Ukraine, among which the main ones are: work in the conditions of a special period that began with February 24, 2022 after the extended armed aggression of the russian federation, characterized by the presence of certain elements of military censorship and the curtailment of the work of a large part of private TV channels and radio stations; the dominance of the state’s information policy on countermeasures to the information war carried out by the aggressor country in the TV and radio broadcasts; the priority of the news component in the information content during the war, which should be strengthened by patriotic-educational and integration-unifying components of influence on Ukrainian citizens; readiness in the post-war period to carry out the reform of the entire Ukrainian information space in general and its integral component – the television and radio broadcasting model in particular, with the mandatory elimination of the reasons for making mistakes in the pre-war information policy.

Estimating Clock Skew With One-Way Timestamps

Clock skew estimation is the principal task for time synchronization in wireless network systems. Most of the contemporary techniques require two-way exchanging timestamps, which face big challenges due to the limitation of network hierarchy and topology management. In contrast, we propose a novel optimization process based on the one-way broadcast model. Extensive simulations on various datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared to other state-of-the-arts.

Distributed public service broadcasting as an alternative model for public service broadcasting in South Africa

The purpose of this article is to propose/justify a new model for South African public servicebroadcasting, namely, distributed public service broadcasting. The justification is done againstthe background of a description of the changed and converged new media environment broughtabout by technological developments with the concomitant new production, content anddistribution challenges and with interactivity as the new foundation of communicator-audiencerelationships. It is argued that the new media environment requires new thinking about publicservice broadcasting (PSB). The need for a new model is further justified against the backgroundof the continued governance, managerial and financial problems the South African BroadcastingCorporation (SABC) has been experiencing for more than a decade, which has led to a new butcontroversial Public Service Broadcasting Bill (2009/2010) in an attempt to address the problems.It is argued that the problems will not be resolved. Instead, a new broadcasting model should ratherbe considered. It should, however, be emphasised that distributed public service broadcasting asa new model is only introduced in this article. Detail about the model is the topic of additionalresearch that has yet to be done. Finally, the article should be read against the background ofwhat were, at the time of writing in 2010, a number of serious governmental threats to freedomof expression with government proposing, inter alia, the introduction of a controversial Bill on theProtection of Information and also of a Media Appeals Tribunal – both of these constituting furtherthreats to the autonomy of the public broadcaster and which makes it even more urgent that anew broadcasting model be considered. The above topics are addressed in separate parts of thearticle dealing with context, problems besetting South African public service broadcasting, pastand present efforts to address the problems, a justification for a new model – one focusing on thenew converged and digitised media environment – new thinking about regulation, the changednature of social responsibility, a semiotic justification,

New Zealand's broadcasting model as a colonial construct: A personal reflection

In this paper, Haunui Royal reflects on his professional career as a filmmaker in 1980s and 1990s Aotearoa New Zealand committed to directing and producing kaupapa Māori documentaries for public television.

Evaluation Method of Innovative Education Model of E-Commerce Video Live Broadcast Based on Big Data Analysis Technology

In the environment of education big data, how colleges and universities make good use of these data not only affects the orderly operation of the whole education and teaching system of colleges and universities. It will also become an inexhaustible driving force to help colleges and universities promote the reform and innovation of the education and teaching system. This paper takes student evaluation data and student online learning data as research objects. Focusing on the teaching operation and students’ autonomous learning, this paper uses the improved k-mode algorithm to cluster analyze the classroom teaching operation. This paper uses neural network algorithm based on machine learning to predict and compare students’ online course learning. It is hoped that it can provide meaningful reference for the construction of teaching management system and the reform and innovation of teaching management system in colleges and universities. Two research works are mainly carried out through the preliminary analysis and transformation of the data of student evaluation of teaching in a certain university. The improved cosine dissimilarity algorithm is used to eliminate the abnormal teaching evaluation data. The normalization method was used to standardize the teaching evaluation data. The traditional k-mode algorithm is used to cluster the teaching evaluation data. Some problems of k-mode algorithm are pointed out, and the traditional k-mode algorithm is improved. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm is more reasonable and effective.