Model In Brazil Research Articles

Improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Brazil by changing the geometry of ceramic bricks

The performance of a building's thermal and energy systems is greatly affected by its building envelope. In Brazil, residential buildings typically utilize masonry walls with coatings, and the materials used, such as the block models, have a significant impact on their energy efficiency. However, cost is a limiting factor when it comes to improving performance. One way to modify thermal properties without significantly increasing manufacturing inputs is to explore new geometries of ceramic blocks. This study introduces a new ceramic block geometry for structural masonry, adapted from a commonly used 14cm thick commercial model in Brazil. The thermal properties of this new model are evaluated numerically using Abaqus software. Additionally, the study presents the findings of an energy simulation conducted on housing models in cities like Fortaleza, Brasília, and Curitiba using Energyplus software. The results show potential for reducing energy consumption in colder months while having a minimal impact on energy consumption in hotter climates, while still maintaining a comfortable temperature.

Incredibly Committed? Assessing Regulatory Agency Financial Autonomy in Brazil From a Critical Perspective

Despite the expansion of the regulatory agency model in Brazil since 1996, specialized literature has raised concerns that the autonomy of the country's regulators has been persistently undermined. Based on a novel 22-year budget dataset, this study challenges the dominant thinking, as it points to a process of continuous institutional embedding. Nevertheless, this process has been endangered by fiscal austerity since 2016. The article contributes to the literature by presenting new ways in which organizational de facto autonomy can develop in state-dependent market economies. Moreover, it provides political economy insights into the legitimacy acquired by regulatory agencies across the political spectrum in Latin America.

Technical and economic performance favours fully automated climate control broiler housing

ABSTRACT 1. This study compared two broiler housing models with different technologies (conventional versus fully automated climate control) to verify their performance and carcass characteristics at slaughter, as well as the economics of production. 2. A database regarding 20 443 flocks of heavy broilers produced in an integrated operation during the years 2020 and 2021, in eight Brazilian regions was used in the analysis. The dependent variables included feed conversion, average live weight gain, total and partial carcass condemnation and the total mortality. For economic analysis, the production cost of each technology including feed, labour, energy, heating and depreciation was calculated. 3. The technology used in the broiler houses had a significant effect on the technical indicators which were positive for fully automated climate control in most geographical regions. One important exception was the effect on total and partial carcass condemnations, with better results seen for conventional housing. The total cost per ton of broiler meat delivered, deducting condemnation losses, was lower in the automated climate controlled housing compared to conventional housing. 4. In conclusion, there was a reduction in broiler chicken production costs for birds raised in fully automated climate controlled housing, indicating better economic results for this model in Brazil.

Development of a hub-and-spoke durable left ventricular assist device program in Brazil, a middle-income country

ObjectivesTo describe the experience of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) program in a middle-income country in a hub-and-spoke model. MethodsPatients fulfilling strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were referred from different centers in Brazil for LVAD implantation through a philanthropy program financed via a Brazilian Federal Government tax exemption structure. LVAD implantation was performed in hub-and-spoke model with a single implanting center. Data was collected retrospectively using hospital records and telephone contact with other centers. Patients that received LVAD implants external to the philanthropic program, either at this or other Brazilian centers, were not included. ResultsBetween January 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2020, 20 adult patients underwent long-term continuous flow LVAD implantation with decentralization of post-implant patient care in regional centers. Patients were referred from 11 centers from 7 states in Brazil and underwent LVAD implantation through a philanthropy program. The median age was 52.5 years and 85% were INTERMACS profile 3 patients. Two patients had Chagas cardiomyopathy. The overall survival censored for competing risks at 1 year and 2 years were 90% and 84% respectively. Three patients (15%) underwent heart transplantation in the first 2 years after LVAD implantation. Twelve patients returned to their original centers and were followed remotely. ConclusionsThis study presents a successful LVAD implantation program in a hub-and-spoke model in Brazil. Centralization of LVAD implantation with decentralization of post-implant patient care in regional centers is feasible and safe, enabling optimal allocation of resources in middle-income countries.

State of the art in energy consumption using deep learning models

In the literature, it is well known that there is a bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy consumption. This is why it is crucial to forecast energy consumption. In this study, four deep learning models, i.e., Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), stacked LSTM, bidirectional LSTM, and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), were used to forecast energy consumption in Brazil, Canada, and France. After a training test period, the performance evaluation criterion, i.e., R2, mean square error, root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error, was performed for the performance measure. It showed that GRU is the best model for Canada and France, while LSTM is the best model for Brazil. Therefore, the energy consumption prediction was made for the 12 months of the year 2017 using LSTM for Brazil and GRU for Canada and France. Based on the selected model, it was projected that the energy consumption in Brazil was 38 597.14–38 092.88, 63 900–4 800 000 GWh in Canada, and 50 999.72–32 747.01 GWh in France in 2017. The projected consumption in Canada was very high due to the country’s higher industrialization. The results obtained in this study confirmed that the nature of energy production will impact the complexity of the deep learning model.

Pretos que voam – An Afrocentric Collective Project to Promote the Access of Peripheral Black People to Airline Crew Jobs in Brazil

Summary This case analyses the “Pretos que Voam” (Blacks who Fly) project, which aids the training of socially vulnerable black people to become flight attendants in Brazil. Since 2020, this project has been carried out by the collective Quilombo Aéreo, which brings together black crew members to aid the elimination of racism in aviation. One of the goals of this collective is to increase the representation of black people in the airline industry. Quilombo Aéreo ( 2022 ) conducted a survey of air crew members, using online forms based on self-identification, and found that black people do not reach 5% of active airline crews. The project is supported by crowdfunding and social partnerships like Fundação Tide Setúbal, Fundo Baobá for racial equity Rede de Mulheres Negras, Odabá Associação de Afroempreendedorismo, Movimento Negro Unificado and others. This made it possible to provide a complete course to become a flight attendant, a basic English course, air crew licences and a passport, and mentorship. In 2021, in Porto Alegre (RS), ten black people graduated in the first class – four women among them have already been hired by airlines. In 2022, the project raised funds to provide the first Afro-focused flight school in a distance learning model in Brazil. In 2023, they are working to start the operation of the school and crowdfunded a campaign for the second class of Pretos que Voam. Facing several forms of racism in Brazilian society and its airline industry, the project also dialogues with other forms of violence common in the sector, such as sexism and machismo . The case study examines concrete actions to transform the pain of its pioneers into fuel for structural changes, having as a framework the Afro culture and, as a scenario, a relevant mode of tourism transportation such as air travel. Information This case study originated from research into empowerment and intersectionalities between racism and sexism through the Quilombo Aéreo (see Further Reading). Here we focus specifically on the Pretos que Voam project, one of the actions developed by the collective. All authors are members of the research group Gritus – Gender, Race and Intersectionalities in Tourism , where this study was developed. Information © The Authors 2024

Evapotranspiration Assessment by Remote Sensing in Brazil with Focus on Amazon Biome: Scientometric Analysis and Perspectives for Applications in Agro-Environmental Studies

The Amazon biome plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle, supplying water vapor for the atmosphere and contributing to evapotranspiration (ET) that influences regional humidity across Brazil and South America. Remote sensing (RS) has emerged as a valuable tool for measuring and estimating ET, particularly in the data-scarce Amazon region. A scientometric analysis was conducted to identify the most used RS-based ET product or model in Brazil and its potential application in the Amazon. Scientometrics allows for the quantitative analysis of scientific output; this study identified the most widely used RS product in the Amazon biome. Articles published in Web of Science, Scielo, and Scopus databases up to 2022 were searched using the keywords “Evapotranspiration”, “Remote Sensing”, and “Brazil”. After initial screening, 140 relevant articles were subjected to scientometric analysis using the Bibliometrix library in RStudio 2023.06.1+524. These articles, published between 2001 and 2022, reveal a collaborative research landscape involving 600 authors and co-authors from 245 institutions, with most studies originating from Brazil’s Southeast and North (Amazon) regions. Notably, within the 12 studies focusing on ET by RS in the Amazon biome, applications were diverse, encompassing river basins, climate change, El Niño, and deforestation, with the MOD16 product being the most frequently employed.

Challenges and Opportunities for the Development of Inland Waterway Transport in Brazil

Despite the presence of numerous navigable rivers in Brazil, they remain underutilized for Inland Waterway Transport (IWT). Given the recent changes in transport systems which aim to reduce reliance on highways due to their high cost and lack of sustainability, it becomes crucial to explore new transport models in Brazil, shifting part of the transport from roads to railways and mainly to waterways. To fill this gap in Brazil’s transport system, it was decided to check why waterways are little used and what challenges cause them to be underutilized and, additionally, what opportunities could leverage their use in the country. In this sense, in this study, we identify the biggest challenges and opportunities faced by IWT in Brazil. To achieve this objective, interviews were conducted using content analysis with managers who work in public and private IWT organizations active in Brazil. Results show that IWT has seen a recovery in interest in recent years due to the need for cheaper and greener logistics. It was also found that the main challenges that IWT faces are a lack of public policies followed by precarious infrastructure of waterways, ports and locks, as well as modest integration with other transport modes. Conversely, the most significant opportunity lies in the potential reduction in transport costs, coupled with the enhanced sustainability of transport activities via the utilization of IWT, thereby fostering greener transport practices. These results can contribute to a better understanding of practical and theoretical approaches related to IWT in Brazil, and they can serve as a reflection for new research focusing on the development of IWT especially in other emerging countries facing similar issues.

Real estate investment funds: a proposal for dividend distribution in Brazil

This article discusses the current challenges faced by Real Estate Investment Funds (REITs) in Brazil, particularly regarding the mandatory dividend distribution based on the "cash" result, which can pose financial risks for managers, especially when future obligations exist. While this practice benefits passive income for investors, it may jeopardize the financial health of the funds. The Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) is keen on revising the current model but will have to overcome resistance from parts of the market. This article suggests a technological solution inspired by models used in developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain, where dividends are distributed according to accounting profits with the option for dividend reinvestment. Implementing this model in Brazil would necessitate changes in market regulation and investors adapting to the investment platforms' modus operandi—proper accounting of distributions. This model would enhance transparency in resource management and financial stability for REITs. The article emphasizes the role of technological innovation in evolving Brazil's REIT market.

Comparing the current short-term cancer incidence prediction models in Brazil with state-of-the-art time-series models.

The World Health Organization has highlighted that cancer was the second-highest cause of death in 2019. This research aims to present the current forecasting techniques found in the literature, applied to predict time-series cancer incidence and then, compare these results with the current methodology adopted by the Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) in Brazil. A set of univariate time-series approaches is proposed to aid decision-makers in monitoring and organizing cancer prevention and control actions. Additionally, this can guide oncological research towards more accurate estimates that align with the expected demand. Forecasting techniques were applied to real data from seven types of cancer in a Brazilian district. Each method was evaluated by comparing its fit with real data using the root mean square error, and we also assessed the quality of noise to identify biased models. Notably, three methods proposed in this research have never been applied to cancer prediction before. The data were collected from the INCA website, and the forecast methods were implemented using the R language. Conducting a literature review, it was possible to draw comparisons previous works worldwide to illustrate that cancer prediction is often focused on breast and lung cancers, typically utilizing a limited number of time-series models to find the best fit for each case. Additionally, in comparison to the current method applied in Brazil, it has been shown that employing more generalized forecast techniques can provide more reliable predictions. By evaluating the noise in the current method, this research shown that the existing prediction model is biased toward two of the studied cancers Comparing error results between the mentioned approaches and the current technique, it has been shown that the current method applied by INCA underperforms in six out of seven types of cancer tested. Moreover, this research identified that the current method can produce a biased prediction for two of the seven cancers evaluated. Therefore, it is suggested that the methods evaluated in this work should be integrated into the INCA cancer forecast methodology to provide reliable predictions for Brazilian healthcare professionals, decision-makers, and oncological researchers.

Economic Viability of Business models for Photovoltaic solar generation in Brazil: Studies of cases

In the last years, worldwide, more capacity of solar energy has been added than any other type of electric power generation technology. The current expansion market is largely due to the increase in market competitiveness of photovoltaic solar energy and demand for electricity. However, the markets continue to be driven largely by government or regulatory incentives and not by innovative business. Therefore, this paper presents: (i) overview of photovoltaic systems regarding the most adopted business models in Brazil; ii) business model economic viability case study. The results presented shows that the acquisition model has the best investment indicators. For the Acquisition and Rental models, all case studies were economically viable, but in the Shared Solar Generation model the Consumer Units C1 and C2 were considered unfeasible by Levelized Cost of Energy - LCOE criterion.

The July 14 and the Cultural Transfers in the Franco-Brazilian Press at the Turn of 20th Century (1859-1922)

in 1890, the traditional date of the French National Festival, July 14, was included as a Brazilian holiday after the Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil (1889). The aim of this article is to analyze how the celebrations of the 14th of July, an event symbolizing the values of the Enlightenment and the feeling of Latinity, which had a strong impact on the Américas during the 19th century, was represented in the pages of Franco-Brazilian newspapers between 1859 and 1922. The hypothesis is that this ephemeris was a date of affi rmation for the French colony and became a symbol of its integration into the host country. Contrary to approaches that tend to emphasize France as a model for Brazil, the intention was to map out how cultural interactions and transfers took place between the two nations. As a result, we also noticed the widespread use of French symbols to politically legitimize the values of certain republican groups, which was used to the advantage of the French colony that was trying to establish itself in a nationalist and xenophobic environment

CHARTER SCHOOLS E VOUCHERS EDUCACIONAIS NOS JORNAIS: O SUBTERFÚGIO DO DISCURSO DA QUALIDADE REPERCUTIDO NA MÍDIA BRASILEIRA

This article aims to analyze journalistic texts that address proposals for privatization identified with charter schools and educational vouchers, in order to contribute to overcoming the narrow conception of quality found in newspapers. Brazilian newspapers with the highest incidence of publications on the topics from 2009 to 2021 were examined, namely: "Gazeta do Povo", "O Globo", and "Estadão". Pursuing the objective, a qualitative research was conducted that collected journalistic texts and used content analysis techniques (BARDIN, 2010). It was noted that a large part of the texts are favorable to the implementation of privatization models in Brazil. The defense of these models has been based on the idea that the quality of private education is superior, attributing this to a supposed efficiency of private management linked to student performance, competition between schools, and teacher accountability. It should be noted that this premise is not confirmed when analyzing the results obtained by charter and vouchers in the USA. Finally, it is concluded that journalistic texts ignore a deeper debate about the factors that interfere with the quality of education, promote an uncritical view, and ignore the inefficacy of business management instruments to deal with the problems of public schools.

Ideological classification of informational sources: political parallelism in the analysis of the multiparty media attention model in Brazil

Este artigo contribui com a pesquisa de comunicação política ao propor uma classificação ideológica de fontes informacionais de acordo com a atenção multipartidária no Brasil. Para isso, reproduzimos a metodologia de classificação da atenção midiática multipartidária no Twitter (Benkler; Faris; Roberts, 2018; Giglietto et al., 2019). Extraímos uma base de dados original de 2,95 milhões de tweets, postados entre 2019 e 2020 por 1.346 usuários. Os resultados apontam para uma realidade mais complexa do que o conceito clássico de paralelismo político descreve. A maior parte das fontes informacionais distribui sua atenção entre diversos grupos partidários. Sites insulares são menos citados e reproduzem identidades político-ideológicas mais amplas, sem alinhamento ou audiência exclusiva de um partido. Ao final, debatemos as implicações dos resultados para a teoria do paralelismo político.

Itaú Social Foundation, Renaissance 2010, inequalities and segregation: critical analysis of the application of the US education model in Brazil

Resumo Este artigo realiza uma análise crítica dos projetos defendidos por organizações empresariais que propõem políticas públicas de educação no Brasil (no caso, a Fundação Itaú Social [FIS]). Para tal, o texto apresenta, a partir de documentos assinados pela FIS, como esta instituição defende que medidas implementadas nos Estados Unidos (como o Renaissance 2010 de Chicago) sirvam de modelo para o país. Em seguida, a partir de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, decorrentes de levantamento bibliográfico em fontes primárias e secundárias no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, o trabalho discute alguns resultados desses projetos em seu local de origem (especialmente Chicago). Assim, será demonstrado como, ao contrário do que indicam seus proponentes, tais diretrizes podem ser relacionadas à manutenção e ao agravamento de problemas sociais, como a segregação racial. Por fim, o artigo mostra que, apesar de essas reformas serem apresentadas como expressão de um consenso social, nos Estados Unidos, as comunidades escolares têm protagonizado intensas mobilizações contra elas. Portanto, considerando tal cenário, o texto reflete como a insistência na manutenção de tais projetos não é justificável por dados, mas pelo interesse político e econômico do capital e suas instituições.

Neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation: an experience report at the ILCN - Instituto Luso Cubano de Neurologia in Porto, Portugal

This experience report aims to describe a period of observational/ethnographic activity in Neuropsychology, carried out at the ILCN - Instituto Luso Cubano de Neurologia, in the city of Porto, Portugal. This study presents the unit's assessment and rehabilitation models, drawing parallels with the assessment and therapeutic models in Brazil; a characterization of the Institute is carried out, with a profile of the patients and the functions performed by the multi-professional team. The theoretical concepts referenced by the neurosciences will also be described, as will the procedures and instruments used in the follow-ups, the aim of which was to qualify the treatments in order to promote the development and functionality of the users in the face of the difficulties they face on a daily basis, variables which have a direct impact on the establishment of their autonomy and quality of life. To illustrate the activities carried out, two case studies were selected which were monitored by the team from the renowned institute

Ideological foundations of capitalism and its organizational models: A study using popular management content on LinkedIn

AbstractThe paper investigates the ideological foundations of contemporary capitalism and its organizational models in Brazil. Our analysis considers three positions present in the literature: the thesis of the new spirit of capitalism; the literature about financialization and the shareholder value model; and the configuration of a managerial mode of domination. A content analysis was conducted to investigate normative business content from Brazilian “top voices” on the LinkedIn network. A total of 180 influential texts from 32 authors composed our corpus and were assessed based on an abductive approach that had as references the economies of worth model and a related framework for assessing the dynamic configuration of capitalism justifications. Results support the idea that contemporary capitalism is characterized in ideological terms by the fluidity of normative references restricting the market logic, configuring a complex or managerial mode of domination.

Incentivo de capitação ponderada (Programa Previne Brasil): impactos na evolução do cadastro populacional na APS

Abstract In Brazil, consistent advances occurred towards universal coverage after the creation of the Family Health Program (FHP), the main strategy for expanding first contact access and changing the care model in Brazil, strengthened from the creation of The Primary Care Floor (PAB), with resources exclusively for Primary Care, transferred to the municipalities on a regular and automatic basis. The registration of the population is one of the fundamentals of work in the Family Health Strategy (ESF), aiming to know the families enrolled in the teams. The institution of the Previne Brasil Program in November 2019 established a new funding model for PHC, with weighted capitation as one of its components, whose remuneration model is calculated based on the number of people registered. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the population registered in PHC after the weighted capitation incentive creation, considering the registration in the municipalities and their behavior in the different rural-urban municipal typologies and the population size. The study showed that in 76.1% of the municipalities there was an increase in registrations in the analyzed period, regardless of the rural-urban typology and population size of the municipalities.

Weighted capitation incentive (Previne Brasil Program): impacts on the evolution of the population register in PHC.

In Brazil, consistent advances occurred towards universal coverage after the creation of the Family Health Program (FHP), the main strategy for expanding first contact access and changing the care model in Brazil, strengthened from the creation of The Primary Care Floor (PAB), with resources exclusively for Primary Care, transferred to the municipalities on a regular and automatic basis. The registration of the population is one of the fundamentals of work in the Family Health Strategy (ESF), aiming to know the families enrolled in the teams. The institution of the Previne Brasil Program in November 2019 established a new funding model for PHC, with weighted capitation as one of its components, whose remuneration model is calculated based on the number of people registered. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the population registered in PHC after the weighted capitation incentive creation, considering the registration in the municipalities and their behavior in the different rural-urban municipal typologies and the population size. The study showed that in 76.1% of the municipalities there was an increase in registrations in the analyzed period, regardless of the rural-urban typology and population size of the municipalities.

Fair trade and artisanal fishing in Paraná coast: between speech and reality

Paraná Coast has 90 kilometers of coastline with an approximate population of 4,256 artisanal fishermen who carry out their activities in the bays and in the open sea, most of them classified as small fishermen, who historically have an asymmetrical distribution of commercialization profits imposed by retailers. Thus, in view of the need to establish new patterns of fish commercialization in the region, this research aimed to carry out a case study related to the fair trade of fish in this region. Descriptive exploratory research was carried out with 10 (ten) fishermen and the management of the only regional company that includes the practice of fair trade in its values. The study revealed that positive factors, especially security in commercial relations, fair value paid for fish and valuation of family labor, were the issues most valued by the interviewed fishermen. In relation to the negative factors, the company not absorbing the entire production, the time to pay for the production and the limited hours for delivering the fish, were the most cited issues, however they were not classified as situations that could be factors of rupture of the business process. Finally, the analysis of the fairtrade system adopted in the investigated company, allows to consider that it was installed, empirically tested and has had positive results, and can be classified in fact as a fairtrade practitioner. This model can be classified as an alternative development tool or model to the dominant neoliberal model in Brazil that can be replicated in whole or in part in other fishing regions.