Model Of Organization Research Articles

E-Model of Organization

The article describes a new model of organization, i.e. E-model typical of economy of knowledge and its initial stage, digital economy. The author characterized economy of the new type, described in detail transformation in its traditional economic categories, such as labour, property, competition, production, consumption, etc, which in its turn gives birth to changes in the organizational model. The article underlines that business-ecosystems become key forms of new economy, therefore, it becomes very important for organizations to be able either to develop their own ecosystems or to integrate into existing ones. For this end they shall form an eco-systemic or E-model. The author highlighted that hierarchy in this case is not fundamental, as its base is made up by team creation of value for the customer. To build this model the organization shall seriously transform its key characteristics: goals, organizational structure and form, system and technology of management, corporate culture, etc. Apart from that ecosystem organizations shall be characterized by continuous introduction and application of various innovation and have flexible specialization. And finally, the author plots a target function of E-model organization and forecasts possibilities of its further development.

Hacktivism: From Loners to Formal Organizations? Assessing the Social Organization of Hacktivist Networks

ABSTRACT The organizational aspects of hacktivist networks are seldom studied, with research mainly focused on exploratory and descriptive case studies. To narrow the gap, we have used the sociological model for the social organization of deviants developed by Best and Luckenbill (1994). Said model illustrates how hacktivist networks are organized and contributes to a clear-cut categorization useful when dealing with hacktivism. Our study uses a rich dataset obtained from 32 semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted within 23 different networks. By expanding on past research on cybercriminal and hacktivist networks, the results show that hacktivists operate at varying levels of sophistication, favoring small, well-organized teams where roles and tasks are clearly divided. While there are differences among networks, our analysis reveals the importance of individual actions within larger operations: being affiliated with like-minded people, the existence of internal rules, and the importance of hacking skills to determine, if not hierarchies, then who is the most influential. Most of the networks analyzed were classified as “peers” or “teams,” although the landscape shows considerable heterogeneity. Compared to other cybercriminal networks, hacktivists seem to have lower level of sophistication, while embracing the hacking subculture that places importance on the role of the individual within the network.

Performance of Muhammadiyah Hospital as Social Entrepreneurship Organization through Organizational Capability for Change

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of three variables, namely: purpose driven organization (PDO), organizational capability for change (OC) in shaping sustainable organizational performance (OOP) through the framework of dynamic capability theory as a grand theory. Muhammadiyah as one of the largest religious organizations in Indonesia has for more than a hundred years owned and managed the most non-profit private hospitals in the world. Thus, Muhammadiyah Hospital is a model of social entrepreneurship organization (SEO). The study was conducted with primary data through interviews with 219 top management respondents at 111 Muhammadiyah hospitals in Indonesia (89.5% of the population). The analysis method used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The results found that organizational goals and organizational capacity to change positively influence each other in shaping hospital organizational performance in a sustainable manner. The increase in organizational goals and organizational capacity to change also increases the performance of hospital organizations on an ongoing basis. The results of the analysis of the effect of the mediating variable of organizational capacity to change on organizational goals in influencing the performance of Muhammadiyah Hospitals, showed an increase in organizational goals as the mediating variable of organizational capacity to change increased and improved the performance of Muhammadiyah Hospitals. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to strengthen the internalization of hospital service development goals to all stakeholders of the hospital organization because it can make a positive contribution to hospital performance. The ability of Muhammadiyah as the owner and directors of the hospital to deal with change also needs to be continuously strengthened as it further strengthens the contribution in improving hospital performance in a sustainable manner.

The Mediating Role of the Two Aspects of Job Embeddedness between, Perceived Social Support, the Quality of Work Life and Career Success, an Integrative Model of Organization, Community (Fit-Link-Sacrifice)

The Mediating Role of the Two Aspects of Job Embeddedness between, Perceived Social Support, the Quality of Work Life and Career Success, an Integrative Model of Organization, Community (Fit-Link-Sacrifice)

Organic Communities, Atomistic Societies and Loneliness

The article distinguishes two models of human organization: the organic community and the atomistic society. It maintains that the organic paradigm stresses (a) the ideal unity of the whole; (b) internal relations; (c) teleological or dialectical processes; (d) co- or inter-dependent members (e. g. the human body or face); (e) a role-orientation; (f) living functions; (g) freedom defined as doing as you should; and (h) qualitative factors prevail. By contrast, the atomistic model emphasizes (a) the value of individual freedom; (b) external relations; (c) mechanical or causal explanations; (d) separate “parts”(e.g. a machine); (e) a rule orientation; (f) formal, legal, or artificial frameworks; (g) freedom defined as doing as you please; and (h) quantitative factors prevail. The article contends that the sense of individual loneliness or alienation experienced is generally much greater in the atomistic society. And since both the American family and its surrounding society are, in the main, atomisticly-structured, it follows that loneliness is more pronounced and prevalent in American society. The article concludes by offering some programmatic ideals and measures to reverse and mitigate the present tendency toward increasing loneliness in the United States.

University Technological Entrepreneurship Projects: Factors of Success

The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of the success factors in university technological entrepreneurial projects, based on a unique empirical dataset created with the support of the project office and the office for promoting the federal project «University Technological Entrepreneurship Platform». The dataset includes a ranking of over 1,000 university projects from 2023, each of which contains information on approximately 35 characteristics, both financial and non-financial. The success indicators selected for analysis are the «final ranking position» and «investment attractiveness of the project». Statistical methods, implemented through Python libraries, were used to examine the relationships between different forms of project support and the aforementioned characteristics. The results highlight the critical role of the university environment in supporting entrepreneurial projects, while also revealing that specific support measures can exhibit varying degrees of association with project success. Two key findings are noteworthy. First, there is no positive correlation between the project’s strong embeddedness in the university environment (e.g., a team assembled within the university or a project initially started as an academic exercise) and the project’s success. Second, among the support measures implemented within the current federal project «University Technological Entrepreneurship Platform», the strongest association with the success of entrepreneurial initiatives is found in participation in startup studios. Considering contemporary discussions on the need to seek new solutions to enhance the educational and life experiences of modern students, bringing them closer to the realities of a dynamically changing labor market, the university startup studio model may serve as a source for developing new models of university organization.

An eccentricity gradient reversal across high-level visual cortex.

Human visual cortex contains regions selectively involved in perceiving and recognizing ecologically important visual stimuli such as people and places. Located in the ventral temporal lobe, these regions are organized consistently relative to cortical folding, a phenomenon thought to be inherited from how centrally or peripherally these stimuli are viewed with the retina. While this eccentricity theory of visual cortex has been one of the best descriptions of its functional organization, whether or not it accurately describes visual processing in all category-selective regions is not yet clear. Through a combination of behavioral and functional MRI measurements in 27 participants (17 females), we demonstrate that a limb-selective region neighboring well-studied face-selective regions shows tuning for the visual periphery in a cortical region originally thought to be centrally-biased. We demonstrate that the spatial computations performed by the limb-selective region are consistent with visual experience, and in doing so, make the novel observation that there may in fact be two eccentricity gradients, forming an eccentricity reversal across high-level visual cortex. These data expand the current theory of cortical organization to provide a unifying principle that explains the broad functional features of many visual regions, showing that viewing experience interacts with innate wiring principles to drive the location of cortical specialization.Significance Statement What is the organizing principle of high-level visual cortex? Visual stimuli experienced extensively during childhood, like faces or scenes, give rise to specialized regions in visual cortex. These regions emerge in consistent locations across individuals, thought to result from the retinotopic input of earlier visual cortex. The field has quantified this input as a medial-lateral gradient of retinotopic eccentricity in ventrotemporal cortex that has not yet been mapped beyond the fusiform gyrus. By performing receptive field mapping in limb-selective cortex for the first time we uncover a u-shaped eccentricity gradient which reverses near the lateral Fusiform. These findings produce a parsimonious model of cortical organization incorporating previously uncharacterized regions, offering a new organizing principle of high-level vision.

Structural-functional organization of the visual system in ensuring goal-directed activity

A review of the results of half a century of research into the visual system as a hierarchical structure is presented: a multichannel, multilayer “pyramid”, each layer of which has a different spatiotemporal resolution, but together provides an invariant description of images for their classification, decision making, organization of eye movements and target search. An analysis of the multichannel organization of the human visual system was carried out, as the most effective and most economical. The “periscope and telescopic vision” systems, unique in their morphological and functional characteristics, are identified, providing gaze translation and recognition when searching and achieving a goal. Models of the pyramidal organization of the visual system have justified their existence by having an exceptional influence on the development of engineering solutions for the design of recognition systems operating in real time and the creation of artificial neural networks.

The analysis of a causal model of learning organization on sustainable organizational performance of public IT companies in China: Knowledge management practices and innovation capability as multiple mediators

This research aims to empirically examine the role of learning organization practices in enhancing sustainable organizational performance, utilizing knowledge management and innovation capability as mediating variables. The study was conducted in public IT companies across China, which is a vital sector for driving innovation and economic growth. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with quantitative methods accounting for 70% and qualitative methods for 30% of the research. Purposive sampling was utilized to distribute questionnaires to 546 employees from 10 public IT companies. Statistical analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that learning organization practices significantly influence knowledge management practices (β = 0.785, p < 0.001) and innovation capability (β = 0.405, p < 0.001). Furthermore, knowledge management practices positively contribute to sustainable organizational performance (β = 0.541, p < 0.001), while innovation capability also has a positive effect (β = 0.143, p < 0.001). Moreover, knowledge management practices partially mediate the relationship between learning organization practices and sustainable performance, with a total effect of 0.788 (p < 0.001). The mediating role of innovation capability is also significant, with a total effect of 0.422 (p = 0.045). The study further includes qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 managers from 10 IT companies across five regions in China: East, South, West, North, and Central. Senior managers were selected through a stratified sampling method to ensure comprehensive representation by including both the largest and smallest companies in each region. These findings underscore the critical role of learning organizations in promoting sustainability through effective knowledge management and innovation capabilities within the IT sector.

Understanding Hand Hygiene Knowledge Gaps: Insights from Primary Healthcare in Portugal

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections cause a significant burden of disease globally. Hand hygiene is crucial for preventing these infections but despite recommendations, compliance with hand hygiene protocols among healthcare professionals is often inadequate. In Portugal, there have been several initiatives aiming to increase awareness on the importance of hand hygiene practices amongst healthcare professionals including in primary healthcare facilities. Nationally, there are two models of organization of primary healthcare facilities with differences in funding and allocation of resources. Methods In this study, the World Health Organization’s Hand Hygiene Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire for Healthcare Professionals was translated into Portuguese and validated with infection control specialists. It was then distributed to primary healthcare professionals in the Northern Lisbon area, in March 2024 to assess knowledge on hand hygiene practices and highlight potential training needs. The responses were analyzed, with the Kruskal-Wallis test carried out, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test when required. Results A response rate of 21,5% (65/302) was obtained, with most participants being nurses (58%), followed by physicians (34%). There was a statistically significant difference depending on the model of organization of the primary healthcare unit to which the participant belonged (χ2 = 8.428, p = 0.014, df = 2)., There was no significant difference between the score and the professional category of the participant (χ2 = 5.76, p = 0.12, df = 3). Conclusions The findings of this study show that the model of organization of a primary healthcare unit can impact the knowledge of professionals and not just practices. This study also underscores the significance of comprehensive assessments of the context before interventions and the need for further studies to understand how we can better inform future training initiatives. Key messages • Organizational differences in primary healthcare units impact hand hygiene knowledge among professionals, emphasizing the need for tailored training initiatives. • Comprehensive assessments of healthcare contexts, coupled with validated linguistic tools, are crucial for reliable intervention strategies in infection control.

FEATURES OF THE MODERN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article examines different approaches to the essence of the concepts of «management», «health care management», etc., based on which the interpretation of the concept of «health care management» is proposed. Conceptualization of the content of the terms «management» and «administration» is of great importance for the development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus not only of the theory of management and science in general, but also of modern branch theories. The variety of approaches is caused by the conditions of functioning of modern management systems in the field of health care, which is caused by the continuation of the reformation of the management system of the industry, the addition of the legal framework, the search for sources of financing, personnel support, and the development of infrastructure in most modern states. The article analyzes the object and subject of health care management as mandatory components of the structure of the health care system. The content of the main functions and methods of management in the field of health care is revealed. The interrelationship of functions and methods depending on the level of management and the applied model of organization of the health care system is analyzed. It is emphasized that the presence of different types of health care models depends not only on the method of financing and management, but also on the conformity of this model to the cultural, economic and social characteristics of the nation and the state. It is indicated that modern states, which continue the process of reforming the health care sector, can use the best practices of each of the presented models to create an effective and accessible system of medical care, capable of responding to modern challenges, with an effective management system. It has been established that the management system of the health care sector should be based on a number of scientific approaches that will allow taking into account all factors of the internal and external environment. It has been proven that the need to form an optimal management system is an important element of transformational processes in the field of health care. Today, the field of health care should be aimed at developing the capacity of health care institutions to meet the established quality standards, offer a favorable environment for the activities of medical workers, and meet the existing needs of citizens.

Deriving general principles of agroecosystem multifunctionality with the Diverse Rotations Improve Valuable Ecosystem Services (DRIVES) network

AbstractLong‐term agricultural field experiments (LTFEs) have been conducted for nearly 150 years. Yet lack of coordination means that synthesis across such experiments remains rare, constituting a missed opportunity for deriving general principles of agroecosystem structure and function. Here, we introduce the Diverse Rotations Improve Valuable Ecosystem Services (DRIVES) project, which uses legacy data from North American LTFEs to address research questions about the multifunctionality of agriculture. The DRIVES Project is a network of researchers who have compiled a database of primary (i.e., observations) and secondary (i.e., transformed observations or modeling results) data from participating sites. It comprises 21 LTFEs that evaluate how crop rotational diversity impacts cropping system performance. The Network consists of United States Department of Agriculture, university, and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center scientists (20 people) who manage and collect primary data from LTFEs and a core team (nine people) who organize the network, curate network data, and synthesize cross‐network findings. As of 2024, the DRIVES Project database contains 495 site‐years of crop yields, daily weather, soil analysis, and management information. The DRIVES database is findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, which allows integration with other public datasets. Initial research has focused on how rotational diversity impacts resilience in the face of adverse weather, nutritional quality, and economic feasibility. Our collaborative approach in handling LTFE data has established a model for data organization that facilitates broader synthesis studies. We openly invite other sites to join the DRIVES network and share their data.

Athlete Health and Human Performance Will Not Improve Without Transdisciplinary Collaboration and Data Sharing in Elite Sport.

There are two largely competing models for an athletics organization at both the collegiate and professional levels: the High Performance Model and the Medical Model. The High Performance Model arises from international Football perspective that places a "Performance Director" at the center of teams supporting the athletes. The Medical Model, supported by both the National Athletic Trainers Association and the NCAA, separates off medical staff (athletic trainers, physical therapists, and physicians, predominantly) and emphasizes the autonomy of medical decisions. The Medical Model has left clinicians in a "medical silo", limiting our ability to care for the individual athletes as holistic people and limits our wider impact in the field of athlete health and injury mitigation. We argue that Medical. Model is consistent with the High Performance Model only if we reject the notion that the "Performance Director" is an administrative person and instead conceptualize this as a "Health and Performance Information Hub" which facilitates transdisciplinary collaboration. This Commentary details how a data broker system can be used to accelerate transdisciplinary collaboration within an athletic organization, leading to better healthcare for athletes and improved team and individual performance. Furthermore, a transdisciplinary organization with data sharing is able to turn real-world data into real-world evidence, enhancing the care and performance of athletes locally as well as facilitating the creation of generalizable knowledge in the area of sports medicine and human performance.

Visual affordances and social interactions at Early Iron Age Khirbat al-Mudayna al-ʽAliya, Jordan

Social archaeology of the early Iron Age southern Levant has tended to work from the top-down, using abstract models of social organization, collective identity and subsistence economies to interpret archaeological remains. In this paper a bottom-up approach that uses the visual affordances of the built environment of Khirbat al-Mudayna al-ʽAliya, an Iron Age IB site on Jordan’s eastern Karak Plateau is proposed. Four different methods of visibility analysis are proposed, including a bespoke hybrid approach developed by one of the authors (Wilson). Analyses suggests that the two largest houses at Khirbat al-Mudayna al-ʽAliya were exempt from the dense inter-visible monitoring afforded by the built environment of the site. Combined with other archaeological evidence, the analysis supports the inference that these two houses were occupied by households whose status differed from their fellow residents by degree, if not kind. It is argued that extending this sort of micro-political analysis to other sites would allow for the construction of more nuanced, bottom-up, narratives of social change in the early Iron Age southern Levant firmly grounded in the archaeological record.

Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2G2019S model of Parkinson's disease.

Several studies have revealed that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, even within a single neuroanatomical area, display heterogeneous properties. In parallel, studies using single cell profiling techniques have begun to cluster DA neurons into subtypes based on their molecular signatures. Recent work has shown that molecularly defined DA subtypes within the substantia nigra (SNc) display distinctive anatomic and functional properties, and differential vulnerability in Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on these provocative results, a granular understanding of these putative subtypes and their alterations in PD models, is imperative. We developed an optimized pipeline for single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and generated a high-resolution hierarchically organized map revealing 20 molecularly distinct DA neuron subtypes belonging to three main families. We integrated this data with spatial MERFISH technology to map, with high definition, the location of these subtypes in the mouse midbrain, revealing heterogeneity even within neuroanatomical sub-structures. Finally, we demonstrate that in the preclinical LRRK2G2019S knock-in mouse model of PD, subtype organization and proportions are preserved. Transcriptional alterations occur in many subtypes including those localized to the ventral tier SNc, where differential expression is observed in synaptic pathways, which might account for previously described DA release deficits in this model. Our work provides an advancement of current taxonomic schemes of the mouse midbrain DA neuron subtypes, a high-resolution view of their spatial locations, and their alterations in a prodromal mouse model of PD.

Опыт внедрения информационной системы с технологиями искусственного интеллекта в работу поликлиники для оптимизации организации периодических медицинских осмотров.

Organizing medical examinations for patients with minimal time losses is the most difficult task for an outpatient clinic when creating a New model of a medical organization providing primary health care. Since during medical examinations it is necessary to perform a whole range of works associated with certain sets of actions, the authors developed an information system with technologies of artificial intelligence, which was tested during periodic medical examinations. The purpose of the study is to develop and test an information system with technologies of artificial intelligence that allows balancing the capabilities of a medical organization and the needs of the patient when undergoing periodic medical examinations. Materials and methods. The tool for solving this problem was an artificial intelligence platform based on the principle of decision making by controlling the positions of attractors in the state space of the Hopfield neural network, which was built into the medical information system using HL7 FHIR. Results. The result of the work was the “Smart Clinic” project, which provides for the creation of an information system with technologies of artificial intelligence for routing patients during periodic medical examinations. The information system provided dynamic routing of patients in real time with the construction of the shortest trajectory and minimal movement across the floors of the building, based on current information about the workload of specialists and the duration of each stage of the examination. Conclusions. The use of an artificial intelligence information system in the outpatient clinic made it possible to reduce the average duration of a patient’s trajectory during a periodic medical examination by 45%, the average waiting time for an appointment – from 7 minutes to 3 minutes, and the total time for undergoing a preventive examination – from 200 to 150 minutes. This made it possible to increase the number of periodic medical examinations per year by 1.5 times, and the level of patient satisfaction reached 95%.

АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ НЕСУЩИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ИНВЕНТАРНЫХ ОПАЛУБОЧНЫХ СИСТЕМ ПРИ МОНТАЖЕ И ДЕМОНТАЖЕ ЖЕЛЕЗОБЕТОННЫХ ПЕРЕКРЫТИЙ

The paper substantiates the expediency of using widespread load-bearing racks, frame systems and beams for the construction of formwork monolithic floors of multi-storey civil construction in other types of construction work in prefabricated monolithic construction and reconstruction of civil facilities. Examples and descriptions of organizational and technological schemes for the construction of prefabricated monolithic frames with the use of inventory spatial frames and racks of adjustable length with glued wooden beams, mainly from well-known Doka and PERI companies, as supporting elements for the organization of alignment and temporary fixing of hollow floor slabs during their installation. Examples of the use of the same bearing elements of formwork systems in projects of reconstruction and liquidation of multi-storey civil facilities are presented. In these cases, they were intended to ensure the stability of the reconstructed parts of buildings during their separation and extraction according to the intended parts. For this purpose, the schemes of using diamond cutting technologies of reinforced concrete structures patented by the authors in reconstruction projects of civil buildings in the Crimea are shown. Subject of research: technological equipment for the production of construction, installation and reconstruction works to ensure their efficiency and safety using beams, frames and racks of inventory formwork systems of monolithic and prefabricated reinforced concrete floors. Materials and methods: analysis of the state of the issue according to literary and patent sources, justification of expediency and modeling of technology and organization of construction, installation and reconstruction works at specific civil facilities in Crimea, assessment of economic efficiency, industrial and environmental safety of the proposed innovations. Results: organizational and technological schemes for the installation of temporary supporting and regulating systems for the installation and dismantling of reinforced concrete floors made up of inventory elements of industrial formwork systems of both domestic and foreign origin are reasonably presented. The technological and economic efficiency, as well as the technical and environmental expediency of innovations for reasons of life safety are shown. Conclusions. The expediency of using elements of inventory formwork systems of monolithic floors to create temporary supporting structures from them during the installation and dismantling of reinforced concrete floors is shown. Examples of such applications are presented when installing ceilings of prefabricated monolithic frames of specific civil facilities, as well as diamond cutting of similar structures during their reconstruction or liquidation.

Ipsilateral stimulation shows somatotopy of thumb and shoulder auricular points on the left primary somatosensory cortex using high-density fNIRS.

Auriculotherapy is a technique based on stimulation applied to specific ear points. Its mechanism of active and clinical efficacy remain to be established. This study aims to assess the role that primary somatosensory cortex may play to validate auriculotherapy mechanisms. This study examined whether tactile stimulation at specific auricular points is correlated with distinct cortical activation in the primary somatosensory cortex. Seventeen healthy adults participated in the study. Tactile stimuli were delivered to the thumb, shoulder, and skin master points on the ear using von Frey filaments. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure and spatially map cortical responses. This study revealed distinct hemodynamic activity patterns in response to ear point stimulation, consistent with the classic homunculus model of somatotopic organization. Ipsilateral stimulation showed specific cortical activations for the thumb and shoulder points, while contralateral stimulation showed less significant activity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy effectively captured localized cortical responses to ear tactile stimuli, supporting the somatotopic mapping hypothesis. These findings enhance the understanding of sensory processing with auricular stimulation and supports the concepts of auricular cartography that underpins some schools of auriculotherapy practice. Future research should explore bilateral cortical mapping and the integration of other neuroimaging techniques.

Understanding the effects of mineralization and structure on the mechanical properties of tendon-bone insertion using mesoscale computational modeling

Tendon-bone fibrocartilaginous insertion, or enthesis, is a specialized interfacial region that connects tendon and bone, effectively transferring forces while minimizing stress concentrations. Previous studies have shown that insertion features gradient mineralization and branching fiber structure, which are believed to play critical roles in its excellent function. However, the specific structure-function relationship, particularly the effects of mineralization and structure at the mesoscale fiber level on the properties and function of insertion, remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop mesoscale computational models of the distinct fiber organization at tendon-bone insertions, capturing the branching network from tendon to interface fibers and the different mineralization scales. We specifically analyze three key descriptors: the mineralization scale of interface fibers, the mean, and relative standard deviation of the local branching angles of interface fibers. Tensile test simulations on insertion models with varying mineralization scales of interface fibers and structures are performed to mimic the primary loading condition applied to the insertion. We measure and analyze five representative mechanical properties: Young's modulus, strength, toughness, resilience, and failure strain. Our results reveal that mechanical properties are significantly influenced by the three key descriptors, with tradeoffs observed between mutually exclusive properties. For instance, strength and resilience plateau beyond a certain mineralization scale, while failure strain and Young's modulus exhibit monotonic decreasing and increasing trends, respectively. Consequently, there exists an optimal mineralization scale for toughness due to these tradeoffs. By analyzing the mesoscale deformation and failure mechanisms from simulation trajectories, we identify three fracture regimes closely related to the trends in mechanical properties, supporting the observed tradeoffs. Additionally, we examine in detail the effects of the mean and relative standard deviation of local branching angles on mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms. Overall, our study enhances the fundamental understanding of the composition-structure-function relationships at the tendon-bone insertion, complementing recent experimental studies. The mechanical insights from our work have the potential to guide the future biomimetic design of fibrillar adhesives and interfaces for joining soft and hard materials.

Collaborative activities and flexible working

Digitalization and globalization have radically affected work organization and interaction between workers in the course of performing job duties. Co-creation activity on digital labour platforms is a new phenomenon that has been little studied. The paper aims to explore collaboration as a driving force in the evolution of work organization patterns and investigates its main effects on the labour market. Theory of cooperation and organizational theory constitute the methodological basis of the study. The research methods used are evolutionary analysis, statistical and regression analysis. The empirical evidence is comprised of open data from the European Social Survey (ESS) Round 10 (2020/23). The study identifies the directions for altering the forms of collaborative activities: the key ones are associated with the enhancement of individual value, accumulation of human capital and a rise in worker autonomy. It is shown that organization of work, which is also undergoing significant changes, promotes flexible working practices. The empirical analysis indicates that high-frequency Internet use among self-employed workers significantly increases the probability of engaging in co-creation activities, particularly as education levels rise. The growing intrinsic motivation of participants to such activities leads to higher labour productivity. The findings highlight a critical issue regarding the lack of human resource management practices in platform employment. Designing a new (flexible) model of work organization aligned with the characteristics and effects of co-creation activities can serve as a promising direction for further research.