Project Model Research Articles

Strategic digital city: Concept, model, and research cases

Cities, in addition to being physical, are also digital, requiring the use of information technology resources and strategies, information, and services to make appropriate decisions. The objective is to present the strategic digital city (SDC) concept and project model and its research considering the subprojects: city strategies; city information; public services to citizens; and information technology resources applied in cities. The research methodology comprises approaches mixing techniques in respective phases, including bibliometrics assignment, and model theory applied in SDC cases with more than 11 doctoral, 100 master’s, undergraduate, scientific initiation, and postdoctoral program orientations obtained from more than 300 cities since 2003. The results showed that the SDC can be understood as a social project of public policy and is on the city managers’ agenda, as demonstrated in the 8 cases researched and in the more than 86 publications in different scientific international journals in the recent decade. The conclusion reiterates the importance of the participatory and democratic SDC original project accepted to contribute to the proper city management and the citizens’ quality of life expansion, including infrastructure, policy, and city development. Then, the SDC contemporary concept and model have been maintained regularly over the 10 years.

Calibration and validation of hillslope runoff and soil loss outputs from the Water Erosion Prediction Project model in Minnesota agricultural watersheds

AbstractThere is growing interest in studying the impact of alternative agricultural management practices on runoff and soil loss under future climate change scenarios. In order to address this interest, it is important to demonstrate that runoff and soil loss can be accurately simulated under existing climates based on comparisons between modeled and experimental results. This study calibrates and validates the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model to quantify the accuracy of predicting growing season runoff and soil erosion in agricultural hillslopes based on comparisons with experimental data from five Minnesota hydrologic unit code 12 watersheds. In order to accurately predict runoff and soil erosion in each watershed, the baseline effective hydraulic conductivity (Kbe), interrill and rill erodibility (EIR and ER), and monthly precipitation standard deviations (Pstdev) were calibrated in WEPP using observed runoff and total suspended solids data from five Minnesota Discovery Farms field sites. Before calibration, Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and percent bias (PBIAS) values for predicted versus measured monthly average total runoff (Ravg‐T), runoff ratios (RRT), and total soil loss were generally not in acceptable ranges. After calibration, the NSE values showed very good fits between measured and predicted monthly Ravg‐T (0.64–0.98), RRT (0.66–0.93), and soil loss (0.58–0.80). PBIAS values were also within acceptable ranges for Ravg‐T and RRT (±25%) and soil loss (±55%), except for RRT at site BE1. NSE and PBIAS values during validation were within acceptable ranges, except for RRT at site BE1. These findings suggest that the WEPP hillslopes calibrated in this study are sufficiently robust to accurately predict monthly runoff and soil erosion in Minnesota agricultural fields during the growing season.

Benefits of the project model capstone: Key experience themes for journalism students

Capstone units are culminating experiences typically offered in the final semester of a tertiary degree. Capstones are common across higher education, and are increasingly being offered in university journalism programs. However, there is no consensus about the most effective capstone for journalism. At least three models have been identified: the project, the newsroom simulation and the internship. While traditionally popular, the newsroom simulation and internship models have certain limitations, some of which have become more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journalism educators see merit in the project model but it is not widely used. To date, there has been a lack of research about how journalism students respond to the various capstone options. The study presented here makes a contribution to this field by describing graduating students’ feedback about a new project model capstone unit offered through an Australian journalism undergraduate program. It describes some of the key themes to emerge from survey responses from three cohorts of graduating students. The project experience was found to enhance both tradecraft and transferable ‘life skills’, and helped many students feel more prepared to enter the workforce. The project shows significant promise as a valid alternative capstone experience for journalism students.

Exploring available landslide inventories for susceptibility analysis in Gipuzkoa province (Spain)

Similar to many mountainous regions of the world, landslides are a recurrent geological hazard in the Gipuzkoa province (northern Spain) that commonly cause damage to communication infrastructure, such as roads and railways. This geomorphological process also threatens buildings and human beings, albeit to a lesser degree. Over time, different institutions and academic research groups have individually collected crucial information on historic and ancient landslides in this region, resulting in various landslide inventories. However, these inventories have not been collectively assessed, and their suitability for landslide susceptibility modelling projects has often been assumed without comprehensive evaluation. In this study, we propose a simplified method to explore, describe, and compare the various landslide inventories in a specific study area to assess their suitability for landslide susceptibility modelling. Additionally, we present the results of an illustrative experiment that demonstrates the direct effect of using different inventories in landslide susceptibility modelling through a data-driven approach. We found that out of the five digitally available inventories in the study area, only three provide sufficient guarantees to be used as input data for susceptibility modelling. Furthermore, we observed that each individual inventory exhibited inherent biases, which directly influenced the resulting susceptibility map. We believe that our proposed methods can be easily replicated in other study areas where multiple landslide inventory sources exist, and that our work will induce other researchers to conduct preliminary assessments of their inventories as a critical step prior to any landslide susceptibility modelling project.

Implications of Warm Pool Bias in CMIP6 Models on the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Subtropical Jet and Precipitation

AbstractAlthough the multi‐model average compares well with observations, individually most of the latest climate models do not simulate a realistic size of the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool in the present‐day climate. This study explores the implications of this warm pool size bias in climate models in Northern Hemisphere winter. The warm pool size bias in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models is related to the subtropical jet and precipitation distribution, both in the present‐day climate and in response to climate change, through extratropical Rossby wave trains and tropical circulation pathways. Based on these relationships, emergent constraints are developed to observationally constrain the future subtropical jet response over Asia and the Atlantic Ocean and precipitation response over North and Central America, which can help to reduce uncertainty in future projections of these features. Thus, accurate model simulation of the warm pool in the present‐day climate is important for future projections of the subtropical jet and precipitation.

Pendampingan penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran proyek untuk menunjang Profil Pelajar Pancasila

This training aims to train how to prepare project learning tools to support the development of the Pancasila Student Profile in the Curriculum for science teachers who are members of MGMP Sains in the West Region, Tasikmalaya Regency. The problems that are usually faced by science teachers in implementing project learning are in the preparation of student’s worksheets and the application of syntax, especially the syntax of essential questions. Schools with “mandiri belajar” status allow for implementing project learning in intracurricular based on basic competencies in the National Curriculum to be implemented in the classroom so that science teachers need to carry out refresher activities by participating in this training activity. In addition, the methods and techniques for implementing this project's learning model were also trained on science teachers. The methods used are training and mini-workshops. The training was held on the first day, followed by workshops on the preparation and development of project learning tools on the second day. The results or achievements of this activity are presented descriptively by showing that the ability of science teachers in compiling learning tools in the form of lesson plan and students worksheet respectively are as follows: 1) the suitability of the basic competence and the project model 89.5% and 78.9%, 2) the suitability of the project theme 92.1% and 84.2%, 3) the accuracy of the project learning syntax 68.4% and 63.2%, and 4) the suitability of the students worksheet questions 78.9% and 84.2%

Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a major tipping element in the climate system and a future collapse would have severe impacts on the climate in the North Atlantic region. In recent years weakening in circulation has been reported, but assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), based on the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) model simulations suggest that a full collapse is unlikely within the 21st century. Tipping to an undesired state in the climate is, however, a growing concern with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Predictions based on observations rely on detecting early-warning signals, primarily an increase in variance (loss of resilience) and increased autocorrelation (critical slowing down), which have recently been reported for the AMOC. Here we provide statistical significance and data-driven estimators for the time of tipping. We estimate a collapse of the AMOC to occur around mid-century under the current scenario of future emissions.

An evaluation of a multi-site fetal alcohol spectrum disorder models of care project.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) continues to be underdiagnosed in Australia, partly due to the lack of trained clinicians and diagnostic services. This project aimed to help increase FASD knowledge and diagnostic capacity across Australia. Six sites across Australia formed part of a national consortium, delivering training clinics, diagnostic clinics and community education sessions. The number of FASD diagnoses significantly increased across the project. Additionally, the number of community education sessions steadily increased across the project, with largely positive feedback. Participants attending the training clinics demonstrated increased knowledge of and confidence in FASD diagnosis. This evaluation showcases the benefits of a coordinated approach to prevention, assessment, diagnosis and training in FASD.

An increase in temperature under the shared socioeconomic scenarios in the Volta River Basin, West Africa: implications for economic development

Abstract This study examined the temperature variations in West Africa's Volta River Basin (VRB) from 2021 to 2050 in comparison to the historical period (1985–2014) under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Datasets from three Global Climate Models (GCMs) of the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) were used. The GCMs and their ensemble were evaluated on a monthly scale. The study used the ensemble mean to analyse the changes in annual and monthly temperature over the Sahel, Savannah, Guinea Coast, and the entire Volta basin. The results demonstrate the individual GCMs reproduced the observed temperature pattern at the VRB, though with some overestimations, but the ensemble mean indicated a better representation of the observed temperature. A warming trend in the basin is projected under both climate scenarios, with higher temperatures projected under SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5 in all three zones. The mean annual temperature is projected to increase by 0.8 and 1.0 °C, with a statistically increasing trend under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Without a doubt, high temperatures, if unchecked, can erupt into resource conflict among the competing interest groups, thereby affecting the achievement of economic development at the VRB.

A personal perspective of 20 years of regional groundwater resource modelling of the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers in England

In 1998, the Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifer of the West Midlands–Worfe (WMW) area became the subject of one of the first major groundwater modelling projects initiated under the Environment Agency of England's national groundwater modelling framework. The 4R runoff–recharge code that allowed these models to apply a semi-integrated approach to simulating catchment hydrology was developed and trialled in parallel with the WMW project. This combined groundwater and surface water modelling approach has allowed the Environment Agency of England to make complex water resource management decisions in a wide range of aquifers and catchments based, in part, on outputs from such models. Since that time, the Environment Agency has used the framework to develop around a dozen further models of Permo-Triassic Sandstone aquifers, of varying levels of complexity. Many of the older models have subsequently been through one or more cycles of updating and/or recalibration. This paper provides a high-level review of these models based on the personal experience of the author and compares and contrasts their implementation in the US Geological Survey's groundwater modelling code MODFLOW. This includes a discussion of key conceptual issues that are common across the models, or unique to particular models, and the uses to which the models have been put. The paper concludes with a discussion of future opportunities and challenges for the programme. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Hydrogeology of Sandstone collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/hydrogeology-of-sandstone

The paradox of externally driven localisation: a case study on how local actors manage the contradictory legitimacy requirements of top-down bottom-up aid

There are ongoing calls in the humanitarian and development sectors to localise aid, make it more participatory and involve communities. A common response to these calls by INGOs and national governments is to work with local actors to jointly deliver local, community-based, participatory aid. However, this setup tends to be hierarchical, with external actors taking the lead on project design and local actors on implementation. As a result, key outcomes envisioned for localisation and participation in aid often do not materialise. This paper explores the role legitimacy work plays in maintaining this unhelpful status quo. To this end, it provides a qualitative case study analysis of an aid project in Ethiopia (2016–2020) that was initiated by two INGOs and built on government structures designed to facilitate mass volunteering at community level: the Women’s Development Army. The paper argues that externally driven localisation is often organised around project models that are shaped by two contradictory paradigms: one centring resilience and one centring surveillance. As a result, local aid workers and civil servants are faced with incompatible legitimacy requirements in their work. This paper uses a paradox perspective as a theoretical lens to explore how these local actors navigate these conflicting needs. It finds that they use impression management, especially visuals and performances, to sidestep the contradictions. This imagery conceals the disconnects between project strategy, implementation and the reality on the ground. As a side effect, it renders the problems with the externally driven approach invisible and legitimises the hierarchical status quo.

Cold‐Season Methane Fluxes Simulated by GCP‐CH4 Models

AbstractCold‐season methane (CH4) emissions may be poorly constrained in wetland models. We examined cold‐season CH4 emissions simulated by 16 models participating in the Global Carbon Project model intercomparison and analyzed temporal and spatial patterns in simulation results using prescribed inundation data for 2000–2020. Estimated annual CH4 emissions from northern (>60°N) wetlands averaged 10.0 ± 5.5 Tg CH4 yr−1. While summer CH4 emissions were well simulated compared to in‐situ flux measurement observations, the models underestimated CH4 during September to May relative to annual total (27 ± 9%, compared to 45% in observations) and substantially in the months with subzero air temperatures (5 ± 5%, compared to 27% in observations). Because of winter warming, nevertheless, the contribution of cold‐season emissions was simulated to increase at 0.4 ± 0.8% decade−1. Different parameterizations of processes, for example, freezing–thawing and snow insulation, caused conspicuous variability among models, implying the necessity of model refinement.

Performance Analysis of a Millimeter Wave Communication System in Urban Micro, Urban Macro, and Rural Macro Environments

The signal power in wireless communication systems is influenced by various factors, including the environment. These factors include path differences, operational frequency, and environmental conditions. Consequently, designing a communication system that generates a stronger signal is highly challenging. To address this, large-scale path-loss models are employed to estimate the path loss and signal power across different frequencies, distances, and environments. In this paper, we focused on the urban micro, urban macro, and rural macro environments to estimate path loss and signal power at millimeter wave frequencies. We compared the path loss and received power among different path-loss models developed by standard organizations. Simulation results indicate that the fifth-generation channel model provides enhanced path loss and signal power in urban micro environments, while the third-generation partnership project model performs well in urban macro and rural macro environments when compared to other path-loss models.

PROJECT MODELLING TOOLBOX IN HIGHER EDUCATION: HEXAGONAL CANVAS IN PROJECT BASED LEARNING

Inclusion of project modelling tools into higher education is based on expectations of industry about young professionals with applicable, rich skillset. Business or project model canvas is one of the most widely used frameworks in contrary to traditional planning tools. Pedagogically - project model canvas is a teaching goal and method simultaneously. Those aspects widen possibilities to integrate the tool in various study courses and levels. The aim of the research is to explore and evaluate functional and cognitive impacts of Hex-canvas use in project-based learning in higher education. This tool is represented in a form of template of 11 fundamental elements which describe a specific aspect of a project. The research is based on experiences gathered in Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences, Latvia. Data used in this research has been comprised of structured interviews of doctoral level students (n=8) who used Hex-canvas in summer school and from bachelor and master level students (n=16) of “I Living Labs” study course (year 2022). Results reveal high applicability in structuring of the projects, defining aims and activities for implementation, it gives overall perspective of project, however there must be clear instructions by teachers, as well the consistency of usage is recommended.

The AGILE 4.0 Project: MBSE to Support Cyber‐Physical Collaborative Aircraft Development

AbstractThis paper presents the main output of the EU‐funded H2020 AGILE 4.0 project: the AGILE 4.0 MBSE‐MDAO Development Framework. The framework aims at connecting upstream Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) activities to downstream Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) activities, applied to the development of complex aeronautical systems. Upstream activities include the definition of stakeholders, needs, semantic requirements, and modeling the system architecture design space. Downstream activities include defining, implementing, and executing cross‐organizational and collaborative MDAO workflows to support system synthesis. The development framework is implemented in an Operational Collaborative Environment (OCE), a web‐based platform for project data and modeling tool access. A business jet family design application case demonstrates the use of the development framework and OCE.

Structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in Three Generations of Climate Models

AbstractThrough a large meridional transport of heat and freshwater, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a fundamental role in the earth climate system. Yet, there exist significant biases in representing AMOC structures in climate models and it is unclear whether or to what extent the biases have reduced through different generations of climate models. To address this question, this study compared the AMOC represented in three phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models with a similar horizontal resolution: CMIP3, CMIP5, and CMIP6. We found that (a) although the model spread is large, the multi‐model ensemble of each CMIP reproduced a similar AMOC magnitude and the overturning depth that are in a reasonable agreement with observations; (b) in each CMIP, there is a smaller temperature and salinity difference between the northward flowing top limb and the southward flowing second limb of the AMOC, which lead to a systematic bias of a weaker meridional transport of heat and freshwater; (c) these biases are generally similar in CMIP5 and CMIP6 and significantly improved from CMIP3.

EFFICIENCY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE MAINTENANCE POINT AT THE RAILWAY STATION

Background. The article is devoted to the description of the design modeling of the brake testing point with its further modernization into a maintenance point at a passenger station in the St. Petersburg transport hub.
 Materials and methods. Materials from open Internet sources, logistics theory, systems theory, systems approach, project modeling, economic justification, comparison “as is” and “as will be” were used.
 Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the average downtime of one train during maintenance at the service station, the economic effect was determined.
 Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, a solution was proposed for the organization of a maintenance point at the St. Petersburg – Finlandsky railway station with an appropriate feasibility study. With the application of the proposal, it is possible to improve the quality performance of the railway and optimize costs. It has been established by calculation that the presence of a technical service point at the St. Petersburg – Finlyandsky railway station will allow trains to move along a given route without the need for a secondary technical inspection at the St. Petersburg – Sortirovochny – Moskovsky station.

MODEL OF FORMING STUDENTS’ RESEARCH COMPETENCIES IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Purpose. The article examines the process of forming students’ research competency in the process of teaching a foreign language at technical university as the way of improving professional education and students’ self-organization.
 Materials and methods. The basis of the research is the theoretical methods (methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization, projecting). The leading method of research is the method of projecting, and the main humanistic principle is multimodality to ensure students’ integrity, autonomy and subjectivity.
 Results. The model of forming students’ research competency has been developed in the context of personal oriented, competent oriented approaches and synergistic methodology. The article determines the main conditions for the formation of students’ research competency. The project model is revealed and the basis of forming research competency is the activity of students’ personal structures. Therefore, they are indicators of increasing the levels of research competencies in the process of teaching a foreign language. The obtained results convincingly testify to the increase in motivation to learn a foreign language, the development of the experience of research competence of students, the motivation to participate in real research projects in the research educational and cultural environment of a technical university. Students’ project activities increase the effectiveness of teaching foreign language communication, the development of research skills, the flexibility of cognitive functions, subjectivity, the formation of research experience, the formation of professional values and meanings.

Pembelajaran PKN Berbasis Project Dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Gotong Royong Siswa Kelas II SDN Puncaksuji

The background of this study is the low attitude of mutual cooperation among grade II students at Puncaksuji Elementary School. The purpose of this research is to describe the planning, implementation, and results of implementing the project model to improve students' mutual cooperation attitude. The research method used is classroom action research. The research design used was Kemmis and Mc Taggart's classroom action research. The subjects of this study were 29 grade II students at SDN Puncaksuji. This research was conducted from February 2023 to June 2023 and was carried out at SDN Puncaksuji, Ciracap District. Data collection techniques used are observation and documentation. The instrument used to collect data is an observation sheet. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results showed that in the pre-cycle, the score for mutual cooperation was 1.31 and included in the less criteria. In cycle I, the score of the results of the mutual cooperation attitude assessment was 2.53 and included in the good criteria. In cycle II, the score of the results of the mutual cooperation attitude assessment was 3.40 and included in the very good criteria. after doing project-based learning, students showed a very good mutual attitude where most students were active in group work, willing to help friends who were having trouble, willing to do tasks together, not blaming friends if there were mistakes, and respecting friends.

THE VAULTING SYSTEM OF THE PALATINE CHAPEL: THE AACHEN CATHEDRAL WORLD HERITAGE SITE DOCUMENTATION PROJECT

Abstract. As part of a comprehensive survey and modelling project involving the Aachen Cathedral, this paper focuses on its oldest part, the Palatine Chapel, a domed octagonal hall supported by eight piers and enveloped by a sixteen-sided outer wall. Working on the data collected during an extensive 3D capturing campaign conducted between 2022 and 2023, this paper will focus on the conic vaults covering the ambulacrum of the 1st floor that represent quite a peculiar architectural and structural solution considering the VIII/IX century building know-how. In this framework, the Chapel's 3D point cloud has been analysed to extract the main 2D generative elements of the conic surfaces and then construct the corresponding 3D geometric models. These outputs have been compared against the captured point cloud to assess the differences between the actual vault data and the reconstructed ideal conic shapes. Finally, the method used to unfold the vaults' surfaces and create high-resolution ortho-images has been displayed.