Models Of Software Systems Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO DESIGN ONTOLOGICAL MODELS OF AN ADAPTIVE SOFTWARE SYSTEM

The paper analyzes approaches to the design of ontological models of adaptive software systems. To evaluate the quality of the projected ontologies, specialized groups of metrics are used, which allow us to determine the shortcomings in the structure and functioning of the model. An analysis of the use of ontological models in the process of designing and developing adaptive software systems has been carried out. It was established that the ontological approach allows for a more effective presentation of the subject area, which improves the software configuration process. The use of ontological models allows flexible responses to changes in user requirements without the need to directly update the source code of the software. The process of designing ontologies based on classical and abstract approaches is presented. It was determined that the use of a classical approach to the design of ontological models could complicate the adaptation process due to the need to change the structure and reconfiguration of the system. To solve this problem, an abstract approach is proposed that ensures the dynamism of the adaptation process, without the need for a complete reconfiguration of the system. A set of specialized metrics is defined that allows for the analysis of the ontological model of the software system, the evaluation of its syntactic and semantic quality, compliance with rules and interoperability, and the possibility of expansion. A comparative analysis of abstract and classical approaches to the design of ontological models was carried out based on defined structural metrics, as well as metrics of the scheme and filling of the knowledge base. The obtained values of structural and hierarchical metrics confirm the quality and effectiveness of the proposed approaches. According to the defined metrics, the absence of cycles and entanglement in the ontological model indicates the correctness of the construction of the structure from the point of view of ergonomics and the possibility of further changing the structure and filling of the ontological model. The analyzed values of the schema metrics and the filling of the knowledge base demonstrate the better effectiveness of the abstract approach in the process of determining the software configuration, which provides faster and more correct processing of ontological SWRL rules during adaptation.

Principles of Creating Multi-objective Quality Models for Software Systems

This article proposes an original approach at a mathematical level to the creation of multi- objective quality models for software systems. The research is based on the study and generalization of quality modeling trends of software systems and user needs in order to determine optimal principles for constructing such models. The article provides mathematical explanations that play a key role in identifying and formalizing the principles of creating multi-objective quality models of software. An important aspect is the consideration of quality model construction principles at the mathematical level, allowing for a more precise assessment and analysis of various aspects of software quality. The research results indicate that incorporating mathematical principles into the creation of multi-objective quality models for software systems can have a significant practical impact. It is established that on a practical level of developing multi-objective quality models for software systems, consideration of the principles of creating multi-objective quality models can have numerous practical implications. Specifically, the application of metrics within established principles allows for a comprehensive view of software quality and identifies areas requiring attention and improvement. This helps developers and software quality engineers make informed decisions regarding system improvement and optimization. The research has shown that creating high-quality models of quality requires attention to various aspects, from user needs to testing and continuous improvement, as well as the use of mathematical methods for their formalization and analysis. The developed principles of creating multi-objective quality models at the level of mathematical models allow the use of these models to assess and analyze various aspects of software quality, representing each model using a corresponding function that determines the relationship between quality metrics and the quality of the software itself. It is expected that further development and implementation of these principles will contribute to improving software development processes and ensure high quality of the resulting software.

A New Approach for Multi-View Models’ Composition using Probes Event

The paper presents the development and application of the VUML Probe profile, an extension of the VUML (View-based UML) approach to modeling complex software systems. It focuses on improving behavioral modeling by introducing probes for observing and monitoring events. In the introduction, the importance of separation of concerns in the management of large software systems is emphasized, with the introduction of view-based modeling and the VUML profile. The application context section presents the VUML analysis and design process, illustrated by a case study of managing an automotive repair shop. Probes are introduced as a modeling concept for event detection and control, with basic categories and methods for projection, derivation, and composition. The VUML Probe profile is presented, integrating probe stereotypes into the VUML meta-model, with conformance rules to maintain semantic consistency. The application of probes in the VUML process is demonstrated, in particular, to ensure the autonomous evolution of model-views. Abstract probes are defined during the composition phase, and then used in view models. Finally, related work and avenues for future research are discussed, including language enhancements, integration with aspect-oriented modeling, and tool development. In summary, the paper offers a comprehensive framework for integrating event observation mechanisms into the VUML approach, aimed at improving the modeling and management of complex software systems.

Modeling and Architecting of Complex Software Systems

Modeling and Architecting of Complex Software Systems

VISUALIZATION OF MICROSERVICES-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES USING OPENTELEMETRY DATA

Within the framework of the presented article, the relevance and necessity of solving the problem of visualizing the architecture of information systems based on microservices is substantiated. This task is especially significant both for the process of developing new systems and for optimizing the operation of existing ones. To provide comprehensive and balanced up-to-date information about the structure and interaction of microservices, an approach is required that is focused on automatically collecting and processing information about the relationships between microservices and their internal structure for the purpose of subsequent visualization of architectural diagrams. The authors found that specialized software trace logs provide sufficient information for visualizing the architecture. In their article, the authors took a closer look at tracing issues in the context of OpenTelemetry, an open-source project designed specifically for collecting telemetry data from software and then analyzing it. The authors proposed the C4 model as a means for visualizing architecture. The C4 model is a relatively new approach to modeling software systems, which involves the development and representation of context, containers, components, code and their relationships. The main task that the authors set for themselves is to automate the process of creating C4 model diagrams based on data received from OpenTelemetry. This approach will significantly simplify the process of understanding the structure and dynamics of interaction between microservices within the system. The key result of the research is the development of algorithms for collecting and converting trace data to create C4 diagrams, as well as the creation of appropriate software that implements these algorithms.

PRINCIPLE OF APPLYING THE HIERARCHICAL APPROACH WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF CREATING MULTI-OBJECTIVE QUALITY MODELS OF SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

The article discusses the principle of applying a hierarchical approach (HA) in the context of developing multi-objective quality models for software systems (SS). The authors analyze the main concepts and methods associated with hierarchical modeling, as well as identify its advantages and limitations. The possibilities of using a hierarchical structure to enhance the efficiency of the software system quality evaluation process are explored. Emphasis is placed on the importance of constructing hierarchical quality models considering the specificities of individual systems. Various approaches to integrating hierarchical models into the software development process to ensure high product quality are highlighted. The aim of the article is to research, analyze, and develop methods for integrating the hierarchical approach in creating multi-objective quality models for software systems to improve their evaluation and management processes. The realization of this aim involves addressing the following objectives: conducting an analysis of the peculiarities of detailed hierarchical breakdown mechanisms for assessing SS quality; conducting an analysis of the application of specific mathematical theories in forming the hierarchical structure of multi-objective quality models for SS; examining the main stages of the HA principle for SS quality evaluation; and developing a mathematical apparatus for the model based on the implementation of hierarchical breakdown mechanisms for assessing SS quality. The conclusions of the article may be useful for professionals in the software development field and educators teaching software quality disciplines. In the development of the mathematical apparatus for models based on hierarchical breakdown mechanisms for assessing SS quality, a mathematical toolkit has been developed, including a formulaic mathematical apparatus for SS quality assessment. It is essential to emphasize the need for further research to improve this mathematical apparatus and its suitability for specific usage requirements and conditions.

To change or not to change? Modeling software system interactions using Temporal Graphs and Graph Neural Networks: A focus on change propagation

Context:The world is quickly adopting new technologies and evolving to rely on software systems for the simplest tasks. This prompts developers to expand their software systems by adding new product features. However, this expansion should be cautiously tackled to prevent the degradation of the quality of the software product. Objective:One challenge when modifying code - whether to patch a bug or add a feature- is knowing which components will be affected by the change and amending possible misbehavior. In this context, the study of change propagation or the impact of introducing a change is needed. By investigating how changing one component may impact the functionality of a dependency (another component), developers can prevent unexpected behavior and maintain the quality of their system. Methods:In this work, we tackle the change propagation problem by modeling a software system as a temporal graph where nodes represent system files and edges co-changeability, i.e., the tendency of two files to change together. The graph representation is temporal so that nodes and edges can change with time, reflecting the addition of files in the system and changes in dependencies. We then employ a Temporal Graph Network and a Long Short-Term Memory model to predict which other files will be impacted by a modification performed on a file. Results:We test our model on software systems of different functionality, size, and nature. We compare our results to other published work, and our model shows a significantly higher ability to predict files impacted by a change. Conclusion:The proposed approach effectively predicts change propagation in software systems and can guide developers and software engineers in planning the change and estimating the cost in terms of time and money.

About errors of the example of calculation of a reinforced concrete casson floor panel in the designer's handbook

The construction industry of the Russian Federation in the near future expects a full-scale transition to information modeling (BIM) technologies. The calculation of building structures is carried out using models in software systems based on the finite element method, which is not accurate. To substantiate the reliability of the obtained FEM data in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, it is necessary to verify and validate the calculation models, to perform an engineering assessment of the results by comparison with the reference value obtained experimentally or analytically. Generally accepted analytical solutions are given in the designer's handbooks. The paper considers an example of the calculation of a reinforced concrete coffered floor from the designer's reference book. It has been proved by a refined analytical method and computer calculation that when determining the forces in beams, the calculation example has four errors, one of which is fundamental, embedded in the well-known analytical method for calculating caisson structures. It consists in the fact that when determining the loads on orthogonal beams, the rigidity of the structure is not taken into account.

C2AADL_Reverse: A Model-Driven Reverse Engineering Approach for Development and Verification of Safety-Critical Software

The safety-critical system communities have been struggling to manage and maintain their legacy software systems because upgrading such systems has been a complex challenge. To overcome or reduce this problem, reverse engineering has been increasingly used in safety-critical systems. This paper proposes C2AADL_Reverse, a model-driven reverse engineering approach for safety-critical software development and verification. C2AADL_Reverse takes multi-task C source code as input, and generates AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language) model of the legacy software systems. Compared with the existing works, this paper considers more reversed construction including AADL component structure, behavior, and multi-threaded run-time information. Moreover, two types of activities are proposed to ensure the correctness of C2AADL_Reverse. First, it is necessary to validate the reverse engineering process. Second, the generated AADL models should conform to desired critical properties. We propose the verification of the reverse-engineered AADL model by using UPPAAL to establish component-level properties and the Assume Guarantee REasoning Environment (AGREE) to perform compositional verification of the architecture. This combination of verification tools allows us to iteratively explore design and verification of detailed behavioral models, and to scale formal analysis to large models. In addition, the prototype tool and the evaluation of C2AADL_Reverse using a real-world aerospace case study are presented.

MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE INTERACTION OF STRUCTURES WITH LIQUID AND CALCULATIONS ON THE STRENGTH AND RESONANCE OF BLADE HYDRAULIC MACHINES

The analysis of the complex interaction "fluid – structure" (Fluid Structure Interaction, FSI) is an actual scientific problem for many industries, such as hydroturbobuilding, shipbuilding, construction, etc., the solution of which is devoted to a significant amount of theoretical research. The paper analyzes works on the problems of approaches, models, research methods and the most famous FSI modeling software systems. Despite significant existing theoretical developments, the analysis of deformation of highly loaded structures, including hydroturbines and pumps, requires the development and adaptation of appropriate models and software systems. As a result of a series of studies, a mathematical model of the stress-strain state was developed and numerical modeling of blade hydraulic machines was performed. To reproduce the movement of elements of structures and fluids, the relations of the mechanics of continuous media are used. During calculations, it is possible to determine the fields of movements, stresses and deformations; natural frequencies of oscillations of elements of hydroturbines and pumps, as well as their sensitivity to changes in structural parameters. At the same time, a set of measures is provided for the creation and improvement of blade hydraulic machines with increased technical characteristics, as well as such design and operational parameters are determined that satisfy the conditions for increased strength. The developed technique makes it possible to purposefully carry out reconstruction from resonances at the design stage of blade hydraulic machines of various structural forms and to evaluate the impact of manufacturing and operational errors. Reduction of vibration of pumps, building structures and pipelines by 5–10 times at the Kharkiv bioremediation station, which is equipped with centrifugal pumps of the FDV-9000/45 type, n = 500 min–1 , was achieved by installing additional supports on pressure pipelines after vibration tests and calculation of pipelines for resonance, recommendations for further operation of the station are also provided.

Agent-Module Approach to the Design and Implementation of Software Systems Based on Simulation Modeling

The paper examined the problem of modeling and design of software computer systems. The article briefly describes the content aspects of the various stages of the implementation of software complexes and systems. The methodology of research and analysis of systems, which uses the method of computer simulation modeling, is given. The aim of the work is to create a new universal approach to the design and implementation of software systems of various levels of complexity. During the study, the following general scientific methods were used: system analysis, synthesis, formalization, modeling, decomposition, structuring, description, comparison. The materials used in the study were: computers and software development tools. As a result of the study proposed a universal agent-module approach to the design and implementation of software systems based on simulation agent-based modeling. The study presents the processes of modeling and designing software systems, their stages, and the possibility of their integration within the described approach. Examples of formal model and structure of the software system under design based on the agent-module approach are presented. The proposed approach can be used in the process of software development at the initial stages related to modeling and designing of software systems. Integration of modeling and design stages in the proposed approach will significantly reduce software development time and simplify the design process by making it clearer and more formalized. Materials of the article are of scientific and practical value for a wide range of specialists interested in system analysis, modeling, design and implementation of software systems.

Analysis of Modern Software for Virtual Construction (4D Modeling)

Statement of the problem. Due to the uniqueness of each capital construction object and the variety of digital modeling software systems, it is of scientific and practical interest to substantiate the feasibility of using a particular software package. Results. An analysis of the functionality of popular software systems for the development of digital information models at the construction stage using BIM and TIM technologies (Navisworks Manage, Bexel Manager, Synchro 4D Pro, Asta Powerproject BIM, DELMIA) is provided. Their major disadvantages and advantages are identified and detailed. Conclusions. The choice of a software package by a contractor for the development of a construction model (4D model) according to BIM or TIM should be based on an analysis of a number of factors, one of which is the technical complexity of the construction object. The richer in resources and attributes the building is, the more reliable and closer it will be to the real conditions of construction, and the less organizational errors will be detected at the construction site.

Risk-based reliability assessment and testing stop time based software system modeling

PurposeThe ideology of this article is to study the performance concerns of SDN Controllers, with the help of developed SRGM and thereby obtain its optimal testing duration. The effect of undetected uncertainty in the parameter values have also been catered in the proposal.Design/methodology/approachThese uncertainties in the parameter values are studied as the risk of not meeting desired set of requirements, whose removal causes additional cost. Considering these two constructs as attributes of MAUT, the controller's optimal testing duration is obtained.FindingsThe article focuses towards obtaining the optimal duration for which the SDN Controllers must be tested. It was observed that the inculcation of risk-attribute has provided the higher utility value as compared to any other existing scenarios.Originality/valuePlenty of SRGM have been proposed in the literature which talks about the testing stop time determination problems. But, none of them have considered the impact of risk of not meeting the requirements (reliability) along with cost to obtain its testing stop time. Further, validation of the proposed model in presented with the help of two releases versions of SDN controller platform, ONOS, entitled as “Kingfisher” and “Loon” and has acquired promising results.

Интеллектуалды виртуалды кеңесшіні әзірлеуге арналған дауысты тану әдістері

In this article, methods of voice recognition were studied for the development of an intelligent virtual consultant, which plays an important role as an auxiliary tool when working with business process information systems, or rather with an ERP system. This study is intended to describe an intelligent virtual consultant in assessing the usefulness and effectiveness of using real functions in a business process modeling software system for enterprise resource planning (ERP). An intelligent virtual consultant is integrated with a Web-ERP prototype. In this study, natural language processing (NLP) was based using Levenberg Marquardt (LM) and Broyden-Fletcher Goldwarb-Shanno (BFGS) methods with the Mel kepstral frequency coefficients algorithm. A comparative analysis of these methods was also carried out to determine the effectiveness of the methods used. The big advantage of this virtual consultant is the voice input of long text data fields when working in Web-ERP. This system is relevant, as it significantly expands the search for business workflows. The system allows you to convert speech into text by receiving information system (IS) instructions, which, in turn, are transmitted to an ontological database, where a query based on terms is executed to obtain a set of commands available for execution. The introduction of an intelligent virtual consultant not only expands the application’s capabilities for users through the system, but also allows users to interpret data using speech synthesis. This prototype will be used for further research on the integration of intelligent virtual consultant and data analysis.

Proposition of the Probe-Event Approach for View-Based Modeling

Viewpoint modeling is the general theme of our work in the field of Model Driven Engineering. It is an object-oriented modeling strategy that focuses on the actors interacting with the system in order to analyze and create complex systems. Building complex computer systems remains a particularly challenging process for the modeling, design, and analysis team despite the progress of design approaches in the field of software engineering due to the complexity and richness of information. Complex software system modeling is an extremely sophisticated and enormous area of study. The best method for reducing complexity and dimension while simultaneously making it easier for people to design complicated systems is to break them down into smaller parts or components. Thus, the concept of multi-modeling methods, So the composition of the models of the findings then poses a challenge. To achieve this goal, we introduced the notion of event probe, which allows specifying implicit communications between views by observing events. This makes it possible to decouple specifications that are a priori strongly interconnected, to design them separately by viewpoint, according to the recommendations of the view modeling approach, and then to integrate them without having to modify them. We first defined the concept of event probes, identified the different types of probes with their associated parameters, and then defined a set of concepts allowing enriching and manipulating the probes.

From low-level programming to full-fledged industrial model-based development: the story of the Rubus Component Model

Developing distributed real-time systems is a complex task that has historically entailed specialized handcraft. In this paper, we propose a retrospective on the (r)evolutionary changes that led to the transition from low-level programming to industrial full-fledged model-based development embodied by the Rubus Component Model and its tool-ecosystem. We focus on the needs, challenges, and solutions of a 15-year-long evolution journey of a software development approach that has gone from low-level and manual programming to a highly automated environment offering modeling, analysis, and development of vehicular software systems with multi-criticality for deployment on single- and multi-core platforms.

CM-CASL: Comparison-based performance modeling of software systems via collaborative active and semisupervised learning

Configuration tuning for large software systems is generally challenging due to the complex configuration space and expensive performance evaluation. Most existing approaches follow a two-phase process, first learning a regression-based performance prediction model on available samples and then searching for the configurations with satisfactory performance using the learned model. Such regression-based models often suffer from the scarcity of samples due to the enormous time and resources required to run a large software system with a specific configuration. Moreover, previous studies have shown that even a highly accurate regression-based model may fail to discern the relative merit between two configurations, whereas performance comparison is actually one fundamental strategy for configuration tuning. To address these issues, this paper proposes CM-CASL, a Comparison-based performance Modeling approach for software systems via Collaborative Active and Semisupervised Learning. CM-CASL learns a classification model that compares the performance of two given configurations, and enhances the samples through a collaborative labeling process by both human experts and classifiers using an integration of active and semisupervised learning. Experimental results demonstrate that CM-CASL outperforms two state-of-the-art performance modeling approaches in terms of both classification accuracy and rank accuracy, and thus provides a better performance model for the subsequent work of configuration tuning.

Design of UML Diagrams for WEBMED - Healthcare Service System Services

Healthcare service has huge demand these days as it really helps in managing a hospital or a medical office. The scope of Healthcare service systems is increasing by each day and it is true for the entire world. Some of these solutions include improved awareness about Healthcare services and health policies. The objective of this system is to provide medical assistance to people instantly with the help of technology. This system eradicates the cultural sensitivity that prevails in many hospitals and improvises the quality of medical assistance. The captivating features of this system are online doctor, medicines at doorstep, bulletin of awareness. The users can also navigate and choose among various insurance schemes that are displayed.Unified Modeling language (UML) is a standardized modeling language enabling developers to specify, visualize, construct and document artifacts of a software system. It uses graphic notation to create visual models of software systems. This paper contains the UML diagrams for better understanding of the system with the help of Star UML tool.Usecase diagrams are used during the analysis phase of a project to identify system functionalities. Class diagram represents the static view of an application.The class diagrams are the only UML diagrams, which can be mapped directly with object-oriented languages.Activity diagram is an important behavioral diagram in UML diagram to describe dynamic aspects of the system. Activity diagram is essentially an advanced version of flow chart that modeling the flow from one activity to another activity.The state machine diagram shows the different states of an entity and focuses more on how it responds to various events by changing from one state to another. Statechart diagram is used to capture the dynamic aspect of a system. State machine diagrams are used to represent the behavior of an application. The sequence diagram focuses on the messages that are passed during an interaction in a time based perspective.A Communication diagram models the interactions between objects or parts in terms of sequenced messages. It describes both the static structure and dynamic behavior of a system. Component diagrams are used to model the physical aspects of a system. It does not describe the functionality of the system but it describes the components used to make those functionalities. Deployment Diagram is a type of diagram that specifies the physical hardware on which the software system will execute. It also determines how the software is deployed on the underlying hardware. UML is a modeling language used by software developers.UML can be used to develop diagrams and provide users with ready-to-use, expressive modeling examples. Some UML tools generate program language code from UML.UML can be used for modeling a system independent of a platform language. UML is a graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting information about software-intensive systems.UML gives a standard way to write a system model, covering conceptual ideas.

Assessing the impact of software quality models in healthcare software systems

ABSTRACT Health and medical care are safety-critical environments. The development of a safe and reliable healthcare software system is one of the most important processes which may affect the accuracy of clinical decision making and have an impact on determining diagnoses of and treatment for diseases. The aim of this study is to assess if software quality models, such as McCall, can have an impact on healthcare software quality for the purpose of reducing software failures. We have identified the main criticalities of healthcare software systems based on existing literature, software quality models and programming language standards; we have related these criticalities to software characteristics; we have analysed the relationship between the main criticalities of healthcare software systems and their software characteristics. The following criticalities - the risk of changing hard-coded software and the importance of developing maintainable software – must be addressed at the start of the software development process.

Получение физико-механических характеристик лимногляциальных отложений Санкт-Петербурга для математической модели грунта

The article considers the problems of using existing mathematical models (Mohr-Coulomb, Hardening Soil, Soft Soil) for calculating bases of soft soils of the lacustrine-glacial complex lg III. In addition, in geotechnical calculations there has developed the practice of forming local soil models taking into account the features of a particular region. A detailed study of the physical and mechanical properties of soils is a necessary aspect for the validation of models in software systems. In this regard, the authors have carried out a study of the weak clayey water-saturated soil of St. Petersburg to regulate the program of its laboratory tests and values for mathematical models in the regional geotechnical software systems.