Modeling Of Micro Research Articles

Cooperative Empowerment Model for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Cooperative Empowerment Model for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Predicting muscle function and mass with electrical impedance myography: A study in rat analogs of micro- and partial gravity

IntroductionSpaceflight results in marked muscle atrophy and a corresponding loss in muscle strength. Methods to evaluate spaceflight-induced changes to muscle size and strength are difficult to achieve within the tight confines of spacecrafts. Therefore, convenient methods to non-invasively monitor muscle that are predictive of actual muscle function are critical for future missions to ensure the health and safety of crew members. PurposeEvaluate the ability of non-invasive in vivo electrical impedance myography (EIM) combined with statistical models to predict muscle size and strength in rodent models of micro- and partial gravity. MethodsMale and female Fisher rats (N = 120), half gonadectomized, were divided into three different weightbearing (WB) conditions of 40 animals each, including 0%WB (0 % of weight-bearing, simulated microgravity), 40%WB (40 % of weight-bearing, simulated Martian gravity), and 100%WB (100 % of weight-bearing, full weight-bearing controls). Rats remained in designated interventions for 28 days. Afterward, rats underwent a series of musculoskeletal strength assessments and measurement of EIM. Rats were then euthanized and gastrocnemius tissues collected. Machine-learning (ML) algorithms were applied to full spectrum EIM data to predict various muscle parameters. Results40%WB and 0%WB rats had lower grip strength and plantar flexion compared to 100%WB. Correspondingly, 40%WB and 0%WB also had reduced gastrocnemius mass compared to 100%WB. EIM resistance values demonstrated a dose-dependency response, with greater resistance values associated with reduced gravitational load. ML-enhanced EIM yielded strong predictions of muscle plantar flexion force and muscle mass, with root mean squared errors of 18.4 % of 22.0 %, and R2 values of 0.87 an 0.88, respectively. ConclusionML-enhanced EIM may be a helpful tool to non-invasively monitor muscle changes predictive of muscle force production and mass during exposure to reduced gravity.

Accounting Of Mudharabah Transactions According To Islamic Concepts

The objective of this research is to investigate the use of the mudaraba accounting framework in the financing model for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM). The research conducted is a literature review. This study employs a qualitative descriptive model. The utilization of mudaraba accounting as a funding model for the Microfinance Program (PKM) by Islamic Financial Institutions (LKS) in support of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM). The present study employed Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 105: Accounting for Mudaraba as a framework for the identification, quantification, and representation of PKM transactions using MSMEs. The findings indicate that the financing model for micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) implemented by the PKM contributes to the enhanced self-sufficiency of MSMEs in fulfilling their financial needs for company operations. The support of suitable accounting practices is crucial for enhancing the reliability of information in LKS's Mudaraba-based finance portfolio for MSMEs. Additional study is necessary to investigate the actual circumstances surrounding the financing of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) through the Limited Liability Company (LKS) structure. This research aims to provide a full understanding of the accounting practices associated with mudaraba, a financial arrangement based on profit sharing, which serves as a means to support such financing.

Integration of supply chain model for perishable food products : focus on micro, small and medium enterprises

Managing perishable products is a business challenge for today, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This challenge becomes increasingly higher with increasingly competitive business competition which causes perishable products to become increasingly diverse and of high quality. Even though MSMEs face problems related to business innovation, especially in perishable products. So MSMEs need a perishable product business strategy to increase competitive advantage. The main purpose of this article is to integrate the perishable supply chain model for micro, small and medium enterprises. So that the implementation of the perishable supply chain model can be carried out well. This research method used a qualitative approach by conducting in depth interviews with twelve owners of MSMEs. Validation of the data in this study is shown by observing selected informants for cross-checking and validating the data. The analysis technique in this study uses MAXQDA software. The results of this study are that integration of each existing business function in a model, namely a perishable food supply chain, is very much needed. Perishable food supply chain integration is based on the perishable supply chain process, cost strategy and environmental and product safety analysis. The perishable supply chain process consists of production, shipment, processing, shipment, storage, distribution and demand markets. From the results of the coding system, it is also known that the distribution factor makes the largest contribution to the success of implementing the perishable food supply chain model. This supply chain model for perishable food for MSMEs is in accordance with the second sustainable development goals (SDGs), where problems related to hunger, malnutrition, and food security can be overcome well if this model is implemented in MSMEs. This research is in accordance with the eighth SDGs, where the hope is that MSMEs can increase decent work and sustainable economic growth. For further research, there needs to be integrated cooperation between various parties using the quadruple helix principle. So that MSMEs with perishable businesses can increase their competitive advantage.

Improving flow efficiency in micro and mini-channels with offset strip fins: A stacking ensemble technique for Accurate friction factor prediction in steady periodically developed flow

A novel machine-learning model for micro and mini-channel friction factor prediction is presented in this article. In recent years, periodic array offset strip fins in micro and mini channels have gained attention due to their compactness and aid in heat transfer in chemical processing and electronic cooling devices. The research uses fin length-to-height ratios below one, and Reynolds numbers between one and six hundred contain 2765 geometrically dimensioned. The friction factor, the most significant barrier to heat transfer channel use, must be accurately estimated to design efficient systems. The Krylov subspace method is implemented using the finite element method using the FEniCS software. Additionally, three machine learning algorithms, Catboost, XGboost, and Random Forest regressors, are implemented to predict the friction factor for periodic steady flow through channels with offset strip fin arrays, and the corresponding prediction performance is analysed. A stacking ensemble model is proposed to enhance the precision of friction factor forecasts. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms empirical correlations in predicting friction factor values for specific performance evaluation metrics with an absolute error of 0.403%, indicating that the model accurately represents the complexity of the data.

Distribution and Delivery Model on E-Commerce Service for MSMEs

This research aims to develop an e-commerce service application model for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that facilitates the sale of MSME products online. The application model allows MSMEs to expand market reach and sell products more efficiently through the internet. In this application, data about customer locations, product locations, and information about available road networks are collected and entered into the system. Furthermore, using Dijkstra's method, the shortest route from the initial location or distribution point to the customer can be calculated automatically by considering factors such as distance, time, and transportation that may affect the speed of delivery. The MSMEs e-commerce service application model can optimize distribution and delivery with the aim of increasing the competitiveness and growth of MSMEs in the digital era. The results obtained in this study provide guidance and contributions in the development of a sustainable e-commerce system for MSMEs.

RECONSTRUCTION OF EMPOWERMENT-BASED MARKETING PERFORMANCE RECOVERY FOR MICRO AND SMALL BUSINESSES IN INDONESIA

The Covid-19 pandemic has made most economic sectors, especially micro and small enterprises, stagnant and even bankrupt. This situation is what makes micro and small business enterprises change their sales strategy through digitalization schemes. The Covid-19 pandemic has indirectly prompted new changes in Indonesia's business style. Social media and marketplaces can become a new concept to make it easier for micro and small business actors to get more comprehensive marketing access. This study aims to initiate an ideal digital marketing adoption model for micro and small enterprise to restore economic conditions to their original state. The research method is an exploratory qualitative approach using primary data obtained from observations and interviews. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with the criteria of the sources being micro and small business actors assisted by the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs of Semarang, Surakarta, Grobogan, Pemalang, Purworejo. The flow of research analysis is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of this study indicate two alternative solution models, including training and startup development and training and scaleup development. The urgency of this research allows the government to carry out single submission online program management to minimize errors and monitor program progress. This solution model is expected to be a role model based on ta'awun (mutual relations) for other provincial governments in empowering micro and small business actors to become more optimal based on appropriate technology.

A multiscale analytical-numerical method for the coupled heat and mass transfer in the extended meniscus region considering thin-film evaporation in microchannels

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework is established to investigate the microscale transport phenomena in the evaporating extended meniscus region formed in rectangular microchannels. A wide range of microchannel widths (W = 1 to 250 µm) and wall superheats (ΔT = 0.01 to 5.0 K) are considered. Prior to performing CFD simulations, it is first necessary to employ thin-film evaporation modeling based on an augmented Young–Laplace model and kinetic-theory based model for the evaporating mass flux across curved surfaces to find the exact shape of the liquid-vapor interface along with disjoining and capillary pressure distributions. Two widely-used methods for the determination of boundary conditions (BCs) at the beginning of the thin-film region (i.e., setting δ0″ = 0 and finding δ0′ by the far-field BC or setting δ0′ = 0 and finding δ0″ by the far-field BC), where δ is film thickness, are thoroughly examined and the first approach is recommended because of its better convergence and ease of implementation in the thin-film evaporation model. Then, the two-dimensional domain of the extended meniscus is generated and discretized to simulate the evaporating liquid flow through the UDF programming in ANSYS Fluent. The developed framework is shown to be a simple yet powerful and practical method for accurately predicting the evaporation mass and heat fluxes from extended menisci in microchannels. The CFD simulation results indicate that the previous one-dimensional models which represent the state of the art in the literature in the field are not able to predict the rate of evaporative heat transfer from the extended meniscus in microchannels with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Based on the CFD simulations results, a multiple regression analysis is employed to establish several simple thermal resistance correlations. The correlations can be straightforwardly integrated into macroscale mathematical models of micro and miniature heat pipes for analyzing their thermal characteristics.

Financial Management Model for Micro and Small Enterprises Owner in Surabaya

This study aims to develop a financial management model for micro and small businesses and develop a financial management assistance module for micro and small businesses. This study uses a development research design. For model development, the Design Based Research method was used with 4 stages of design-based research development developed by Reeves and modified by Cotton. W, Lockyer. L, Brickell. G. To test the model using action research techniques with action planning cycles, action implementation, and action reflection/evaluation. The research subjects were micro and small business actors in Surabaya, totaling 20 business actors. The results of the development of this model focuses on simple financial recording or bookkeeping, such as receiving money, spending money, purchasing and selling to make a profit. The guideline modules produced for each financial management model are also different, this is because the modules are prepared according to the needs of business actors and the material presented therein.

World's First Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Model by 3D Bioprinting as a Mechanism for Screening Oncolytic Viruses.

Long-term modelization of cancer as it changes in the human body is a difficult goal, particularly when designing and testing new therapeutic strategies. This becomes even more difficult with metastasis modeling to show chemotherapeutic molecule delivery directly to tumoral cells. Advanced therapeutics, including oncolytic viruses, antibody-based and cell-based therapies are increasing. The question is, are screening tests also evolving? Next-generation therapeutics need equally advanced screening tests, which whilst difficult to achieve, are the goal of our work here, creating models of micro- and macrotumors using 3D bioprinting. We developed advanced colorectal cancer tumor processing techniques to provide options for cellular expansion, microtumor printing, and long-term models, which allow for the evaluation of the kinetics of penetration testing, therapeutic success, targeted therapies, and personalized medicine. We describe how we tested tumors from a primary colorectal patient and, applying 3D bioprinting, matured long-term models for oncolytic metastatic screening. Three-dimensional microtumors were kept alive for the longest time ever recorded in vitro, allowing longitudinal studies, screening of oncolytic viruses and realistic modelization of colorectal cancer. These 3D bioprinted models were maintained for around 6 months and were able to demonstrate the effective delivery of a product to the tumoral environment and represent a step forward in therapeutic screening.

The internal dose makes the poison: higher internalization of polystyrene particles induce increased perturbation of macrophages.

Plastics are emerging pollutants of great concern. Macroplastics released in the environment degrade into microplastics and nanoplastics. Because of their small size, these micro and nano plastic particles can enter the food chain and contaminate humans with still unknown biological effects. Plastics being particulate pollutants, they are handled in the human body by scavenger cells such as macrophages, which are important players in the innate immune system. Using polystyrene as a model of micro and nanoplastics, with size ranging from under 100 nm to 6 microns, we have showed that although non-toxic, polystyrene nano and microbeads alter the normal functioning of macrophages in a size and dose-dependent manner. Alterations in the oxidative stress, lysosomal and mitochondrial functions were detected, as well as changes in the expression of various surface markers involved in the immune response such as CD11a/b, CD18, CD86, PD-L1, or CD204. For each beads size tested, the alterations were more pronounced for the cell subpopulation that had internalized the highest number of beads. Across beads sizes, the alterations were more pronounced for beads in the supra-micron range than for beads in the sub-micron range. Overall, this means that internalization of high doses of polystyrene favors the emergence of subpopulations of macrophages with an altered phenotype, which may not only be less efficient in their functions but also alter the fine balance of the innate immune system.

Effect of cutting parameters on the microstructure evolution and damage mechanism of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in micro cutting

This work aims to explore how cutting parameters affect the microstructure evolution and damage mechanism of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in micro cutting. The effect of cutting parameters on micro cutting force and surface morphology is examined through single-factor test. By building a 3D micro finite element model for micro cutting based on crystal plasticity theory, the effect of cutting parameters on residual stress, microstructure evolution and damage behavior is analyzed to establish a mapping relation between residual stress and damage. The results show that as cutting speed increases, main cutting force first reduces then increases in all cases, but the cutting speed at the inflection point corresponding to main cutting force is different. The micro cutting surface morphology of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy displays obvious signs of plowing; detectable oxidation adhesion wear appears when the cutting depth is greater than 150 μm. Crack initiation and propagation on the machined surface of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy vary considerably under different cutting parameters. Residual stress distribution displays a ladle profile. The deeper the maximum residual compressive stress is from the surface, the harder it is for micro cracks to initiate and propagate. SEM and EDS analysis indicates that at smaller cutting depths, micro cutting tool wear is dominated by oxidation wear; at larger cutting depths, surface morphology is mostly better than at smaller cutting depths.

Financial Inclusion Model for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Recipients of People's Business Credit

Financial Inclusion Model for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Recipients of People's Business Credit

Business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness: A triangular model for micro and small enterprises in Poland

PURPOSE: This paper proposes a triangular relationship between business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness. The role of knowledge absorptive capacity in stimulating the impact of business consulting on innovativeness is studied. METHODOLOGY: An empirical study is conducted using the CATI method, and it is based on data concerning 382 Polish micro and small enterprises. Qualitative variables reflecting using business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity and innovativeness are defined. The multivariate discrete choice model taking into account relationships among these constructs, is proposed and its parameters are estimated. FINDINGS: The results of the empirical research indicate that business consulting in Poland and similar countries may help firms implement innovative solutions. Knowledge absorptive capacity stimulates innovativeness and has a positive impact on the relationship between using business consulting and improvement in innovativeness. Though the frequency of using business consulting is an important factor in improving innovativeness, cooperation between a consultant and a manager matters more. IMPLICATIONS: Results of the empirical research indicate that cooperation between a consultant and a manager may help reduce differences of opinion and internal conflicts. A higher propensity to cooperate may significantly improve the functioning of an enterprise. Business consulting has an indirect and direct effect on innovativeness. It has a positive impact on knowledge absorptive capacity, while better knowledge stimulates innovativeness. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: An original triangular model of the relationship between business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness is proposed. Advanced econometric methods are used in order to find complex relationships between using business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and improvement in innovativeness. Moreover, results of the estimation of the parameters of the econometric model provide interesting recommendations for policies supporting the development of business consulting in the Polish economy.

SYMMETRY PROPERTIES AND SIMPLIFICATION OF MULTISCALE SECOND-ORDER GRADIENT ELASTICITY

The symmetry conditions of the gradient distortion models were investigated. We studied the variational significance of order-of-differentiation symmetry conditions of strain gradient elasticity. This symmetry is a necessary and sufficient conditions for the continuity of the first derivatives of displacements (i.e., conditions for the absence of defects in the medium under consideration). We believe that ignoring this symmetry can lead to ill-posedness in boundary value problems and, as a result, to erroneous results in modeling. Thus the problem under consideration is relevant to all applied models of higher order elasticity theory that take into account size effects and are used for modeling in micro and nanomechanics. The discussed symmetry properties must be account for, due to formulation of boundary value problems for applied gradient distortion theories and especially for the vector variants of such models. Otherwise, the boundary value problem may lose correctness and in the result, the energetically insignificant components of the sixth rank tensor can be appeared in the formulation of the boundary conditions. A example is given, indicating the possibility of the occurrence of ill-posedness of the boundary value problem.

A stochastic model for stop-and-go phenomenon in traffic oscillation: On the prospective of macro and micro traffic flow

To investigate the stop-and-go phenomenon triggered by car-following, a hybrid model of micro and macro is proposed. Firstly, with the stochastic nature of driving behavior, a Brownian noise is added into the velocity difference to give a modification to the car-following model. Then, to combine the macroscopic traffic flow characteristics, the traffic stream model is introduced, and the two models are fused in the context of high traffic flow. Next, the theoretical validity of the fusion model is verified by the existence and uniqueness of the solution. The coefficients of the hybrid model are extracted as the stop coefficient and go coefficient which reflect the micro driving behavior. The Maximum Likelihood Estimations of the two coefficients are also given, as well as the boundedness of traffic oscillation in stop-and-go. Finally, numerical simulations show that the model has good fitting and prediction ability for traffic flow in high flow period. Moreover, the greater the stop coefficient, the stronger the traffic flow oscillation intensity, the larger the upper boundedness of the oscillation, the more severe the stop-and-go.

Construction and Analysis of Performance Evaluation Index System for Chinese Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Based on Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis Model.

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to introduce the supply chain concept into micro and small manufacturing enterprises and to build a cost management evaluation model for micro and small manufacturing enterprises based on the supply chain to improve the cost management of micro and small manufacturing enterprises. To this end, based on combing the relevant literature on supply chain and cost management evaluation at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the characteristics of cost management of micro and small manufacturing enterprises because of the problems of cost management of micro and small manufacturing enterprises, adopts the gray fuzzy hierarchical analysis method to assign and evaluate, which takes into account the nonindependence among the elements of each level and the elements of the same level, and also considers the characteristics of grayness and fuzziness of qualitative indicators so that the evaluation results are more credible. The evaluation of cost management of micro and small manufacturing enterprises based on the supply chain was carried out by using gray fuzzy analysis, and the empirical analysis was based on the research data of company B. The evaluation result was “poor,” which verified the applicability of the cost management performance evaluation model of micro and small manufacturing enterprises and indicated the direction for the improvement of cost management of micro and small manufacturing enterprises. And, the proposed intuitionistic fuzzy hierarchical analysis has greater advantages in evaluation accuracy than the traditional fuzzy hierarchical analysis.

Justification for automobile transportation technology of limited coal shipments in the city

Introduction. In the economy of states, one of the constant tasks remains to ensure the urgent needs of the population, in an autumn-winter period in cities and settlements, the task of providing fuel (coal) to households is highlighted. The demand for coal is limited by solvency and distributed over the entire period of negative air temperatures. Hence, the supply of coal for the period of heating of dwellings is formed, in many cases, by purchasing lots of coal, representing a share of the total demand during the specified period. The purpose of this work is to find reasonable answers on the use of transportation technologies for limited shipments of goods in cities.Materials and methods. The solution to the problem was carried out within the framework of operational planning for the transportation of limited shipments of coal for the population throughout the city on the basis of the concept of an approach to building a general theory of truck systems functioning for motor transport shipping network, using a regulatory approach when calculating transportation costs, descriptive models of the car’s operation in micro- and delivery motor transport shipping network.Results. Through mathematical modelling, reasonable values of operational plans for the transportation of limited shipments of coal in cities by machine technology and delivery were obtained. Regulatory approach to cost calculation, electronic database of road transport industry updated at the date of calculation. Software and mathematical support for calculating the costs of cargo transportation as part of models of micro and especially small motor transport systems made it possible to reliably determine the planned values of transportation costs by machine technology and delivery.Discussion and conclusion. The advantage of using delivery technology in the conditions under consideration has been established, when transporting coal by road using the case of a city.

Characterisation and modelling of micro- and macroscale creep and strain rate sensitivity in Zircaloy-4

Intrinsic crystal slip system properties which control stress, stress relaxation and strain rate sensitivity (SRS) are investigated using combined experimental bend testing, digital image correlation strain measurement and electron backscatter detection with crystal plasticity modelling. Intrinsic properties (activation energy and volume) have been determined from room temperature experiments on Zircaloy-4 which has been shown to creep at 20 °C with non-negligible SRS of ∼0.03. Polycrystal plasticity modelling has been shown to capture DIC-measured intra- and transgranular creep strain and SRS evolution, and intragranular stresses have been calculated and shown to quantitatively reproduce those estimated from differential DIC strain measurements. The modelling also reproduces polycrystal sample-measured stress, stress relaxation and SRS behaviour remarkably well demonstrating consistency from slip system properties to polycrystal strain rate sensitivity. Polycrystal plasticity finally predicts diffraction-measured effects of texture and slip system activation on lattice strain rate sensitivities.

Wear particles recognition through teachable machine

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to adapt teachable machine as a web-based tool for recognition of wear pattern and type of wear by training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. This helps to monitor the health of the lubricated system as a part of condition monitoring.Design/methodology/approachFerrography technique is used for analysis of wear particles. It helps monitor the condition of lubricated mechanical system. In present paper, CNN model is developed for identifying the type of wear particles coming out of Gearbox system using teachable machine.FindingsFrom the experimentation, it has been observed that the wear severity index has been increased due to increase in wear particle concentration. CNN model has achieved an accuracy of 95.4% to recognize five categories of wear particles.Originality/valueTeachable machine is generally used for the prediction of images, gestures and sound features. An attempt is made to apply this model for micro and nano wear particles to classify them based on their characteristics.