Model Testing Techniques Research Articles

Runtime Contracts Checker: Increasing Robustness of Component-Based Software Systems

Software Systems are becoming increasingly complex leading to new Validation &Verification challenges. Model checking and testing techniques are used at development time while runtime verification aims to verify that a system satisfies a given property at runtime. This second technique complements the first one. This paper presents a runtime contract checker (RCC) which checks a component-based software system’s contracts defined at design phase. We address embedded systems whose software components are designed by Unified Modelling Language-State Machines (UML-SM) and their internal information can be observable in terms of model elements at runtime. Our previous research work, CRESCO (C++ REflective State-Machines based observable software COmponents) framework, generates software components that provide this observability. The checker uses software components’ internal status information to check system level safety contracts. The checker detects when a system contract is violated and starts a safeStop process to prevent the hazardous scenario. Thus, the robustness of the system is increased.

Pengaruh Penghargaan terhadap Perceived Organizational Support dan Komitmen Afektif pada Ksryawan Koperasi Taksi Bandar Udara (KOPSIDARA) Sultan Hasanuddin

This study aims to determine the effect of appreciation on affective commitment with perceived organizational support as intervening variable at the Airport Taxi Cooperative (KOPSIDARA) Sultan Hasanuddin. So the purpose of this study are: 1) To determine the effect of respect for affective commitment. 2) To determine the effect of rewards on perceived organizational support. 3) To determine the effect of perceived organizational support on affective commitment. 4) To determine the effect of respect for affective commitment through perceived organizational support. This research was conducted at Airport Taxi Cooperative (KOPSIDARA) Sultan Hasanuddin. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling technique. Data analysis using model test technique (path analysis). The results of this study indicate that: 1) Awards (X) have a positive and significant effect on Affective Commitment (Y). 2) Appreciation (X) has a positive and significant influence on Perceived Organizational Support (Z). 3) Perceived Organizational Support (Z) has a positive and significant influence on Affective Commitment (Y). 4) Perceived Organizational Support (Z) mediates Award (X) has a positive and significant impact on Affective Commitment (Y).

A method for testing and validating executable statechart models

Statecharts constitute an executable language for modelling event-based reactive systems. The essential complexity of statechart models solicits the need for advanced model testing and validation techniques. In this article, we propose a method aimed at enhancing statechart design with a range of techniques that have proven their usefulness to increase the quality and reliability of source code. The method is accompanied by a process that flexibly accommodates testing and validation techniques such as test-driven development, behaviour-driven development, design by contract, and property statecharts that check for violations of behavioural properties during statechart execution. The method is supported by the Sismic tool, an open-source statechart interpreter library in Python, which supports all the aforementioned techniques. Based on this tooling, we carry out a controlled user study to evaluate the feasibility, usefulness and adequacy of the proposed techniques for statechart testing and validation.

The Comparison Of In-Flight Pitot Static Calibration Method By Using Radio Altimeter As Reference with GPS and Tower Fly By Methods On CN235-100 MPA

The new proposed In-Flight Pitot Static Calibration Method has been carried out during Development and Qualification of CN235-100 MPA (Military Patrol Aircraft). This method is expected to reduce flight hours, less human resources required, no additional special equipment, simple analysis calculation and finally by using this method it is expected to automatically minimized operational cost. At The Indonesian Aerospace (IAe) Flight Test Center Division, the development and updating of new flight test technique and data analysis method as specially for flight physics test subject are still continued to be developed as long as it safety for flight and give additional value for the industrial side. More than 30 years, Flight Test Data Engineers at The Flight Test center Division work together with the Air Crew (Test Pilots, Co-Pilots, and Flight Test Engineers) to execute the flight test activity with standard procedure for both the existance or development test techniques and test data analysis. In this paper the approximation of mathematical model, data reduction and flight test technique of The In-Flight Pitot Static Calibration by using Radio Altimeter as reference will be described and the test results had been compared with another methods ie. By using Global Position System (GPS) and the traditional method (Tower Fly By Method) which were used previously during this Flight Test Program (Ref. [10]). The flight test data case are using CN235-100 MPA flight test data during development and Qualification Flight Test Program at Cazaux Airport, France, in June-November 2009 (Ref. [2]).

Application of transparent soil model test and DEM simulation in study of tunnel failure mechanism

With fast growing demand for modern transportation, more shallow tunnels are being constructed and planned. Understanding the deformation and failure mechanism of a shallow underground tunnel has been a topic of research. The influences of the surrounding material (rock and soil) strengths and buried depths on the deformation and failure mechanism are investigated through the transparent soil model test technique and PFC3D numerical simulation in this study. It can be observed from model tests that the failure mode of test 1 (relative density of 30%, buried depth of 60 mm) is similar with that of test 2 (relative density of 70%, buried depth of 60 mm), both showing the funnel shape. The difference lies in that the tunnel stability in test 1 is lower. On the other hand, tests 2 and 3 (relative density of 70%, buried depth of 120 mm) are of different failure shapes as the latter displays a chimney shape. PFC3D simulation is carried out to numerically examine the failure modes under different testing conditions. The stress field and the displacement field derived from the numerical results can help to interpret the tunnel failure mechanism. In addition, it is obvious from this study that the Peck formula (1969) is less applicable for the surrounding materials with low strength. Therefore, it should be amended according to the surrounding materials, especially for the granular soils.

Model testing for ship hydroelasticity: A review and future trends

Conducting model experiments is an effective and reliable way in the investigation of ship hydrodynamic and hydroelastic behaviors. A survey of model testing techniques for ship hydroelasticity and its prospect are presented in this paper. The research highlights with respect to ship hydroelasticity and key points in model testing are summarized at first. Then testing techniques including laboratory tank test and full-scale sea trial are reviewed, and both their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed comprehensively. Based on the conventional testing approaches, a state-of-the-art testing approach which includes performing tests using large-scale model at sea is proposed. Furthermore, recommendations towards the further development of ship hydroelasticity tests are forecasted and discussed.

Hybrid model testing using pre-offset and asymmetric truncation design for deepwater semi-submersible with highly compliant mooring system

The hybrid model testing technique has been widely used for evaluating the safety of deepwater floating systems. In this technique, a full-depth mooring system is equivalently substituted with a truncated model by employing truncation design. However, for a deepwater platform with a highly compliant mooring system, the large offset resulting from harsh environments makes it difficult to realize truncation design. The conventional symmetrically truncated mooring system starts to lose its accuracy. To achieve sufficient equivalence and enlarge the offset limit of the truncated model, a pre-offset and asymmetric truncation design is proposed in this paper for a deepwater semi-submersible system. The feasibility of the technique was first validated by numerical calculations. Thereafter, hybrid model testing was performed successfully for a semi-submersible with a highly compliant mooring system operating in harsh environments. Numerical reconstruction and extrapolation were performed, and the numerical results showed good agreement with experimental results. However, some remarkable discrepancies were observed in vertical motions because of nonlinear effects such as wave impact and the influence of bracings.

Four-level screening method for multi-variable truncation design of deepwater mooring system

The truncation design of a mooring system is the foundation of hybrid model testing techniques used in experimental research on deepwater floating platforms owing to the limited size of wave basin. Screening multi-variables for multi-objectives leads to difficulties in truncation design aimed at achieving acceptable equivalence, especially for an asymmetric mooring system. This paper proposes an efficient four-level screening method for the truncation design. The selected multi-variables of each mooring line are screened individually to generate feasible regions according to pretensions and initial hang-off angles. Subsequently, the feasible regions are concentrated by the second- and third-level screening: design truncated mooring lines and truncated mooring systems according to static equivalence. Finally, numerical forced oscillation is employed as the fourth-level screening to fulfil dynamic equivalence. Case studies of the truncation design of symmetric and asymmetric mooring systems have verified the proposed method.

A state-of-the-art large scale model testing technique for ship hydrodynamics at sea

The development of large scale model measurements for ship hydrodynamic tests in natural environment in China is presented in this paper. Previous works of testing large scale monoblock models for seakeeping performance performed by Harbin Engineering University (HEU) are reviewed at first. To verify whether it is acceptable to perform tests near the shore instead of in deep-ocean, coastal waves were measured at different locations in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea of China, and were compared with theoretical spectra. Then, a description of large scale model set-up, testing equipments, and experimental procedure regarding the segmented self-propelled model project is introduced and some typical results obtained from a recent sea trial are presented. Moreover, testing results by a corresponding small scale model in a laboratory basin as well as numerical results are compared with the large scale model experimental results to validate that the proposed testing method is reliable. Finally an overview of the ongoing large scale model laboratory plan and its future development directions is prospected.

THE ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING AND SHARIAH COMPLIANCE ON CUSTOMERS’ LOYALTY IN ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE

The purpose of this research is to examine and analize the effect of relationshipmarketing and shariah compliance on customers’ satisfaction and loyalty. This research is a survey research which used a quantitative approach. The data were obtained from 185 respondents by using convenience sampling technique. The research model testing technique used the path analysis approach. The results showed that relationship marketing positively and significantly had effects on customers’ satisfaction and loyalty. In this research, it is found also that shariah compliance is not related to customers’ satisfaction. Nevertheless, it is found that shariah compliance is indirectly able to influence the loyalty through customers’ satisfaction. Thus, the research findings suggest that relationship marketing becomes the important variable that affects the customers’ satisfaction and loyalty.

ANALISIS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, LOYALITAS NASABAH, CORPORATE IMAGE DAN KEPUASAN NASABAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH

The purpose of this research is to analize the effect of the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on customer loyalty to the corporate image and customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. This research is a survey research which used a quantitative approach. The data were obtained from 100 respondents from all customers Sariah Banking in Central Java and Yogyakarta by using purposive sampling technique. The research model testing technique used the path analysis approach using multiple regression. The results of this research suggests that CSR is positive and significant impact on the corporate image, CSR positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction, corporate image positive and significant impact on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction positive and significant impact on customer loyalty, CSR has positive effect but not significant on customer loyalty.

Comparative modeling of hull form resistance for three ocean going vessels using methodical series

This paper presents a comparative estimation of the hull form resistance for Cargo ship, Ocean-going Tug and Container ship. The research study evaluates the influences of various ship hull parameters in relations to the vessel speeds and level of turbulence (Reynolds number). The modeling was done using MATLAB software and the model test technique based on the ITTC, ATTC, Granville and Hughes friction line application. The result shows that the hull form resistances follow the same trend in the ITTC, ATTC and Granville models, while the Hughes model gave a different trend with other techniques. It further revealed that as the speed increases by 10knots, the frictional resistance coefficients decrease by 11.86% for the ITTC & Granville models, and 12.03% for the Hughes model. For Ocean-going Tug and Container Ship, the frictional resistance coefficient decrease by 12.31% for the ITTC & Granville models, and 12.14% for the Hughes model. The Reynolds number increase by 62.52% for every 10knots increase in the speed of the Cargo ship and 62.23% for every 10knots increase in the speed of the Ocean going tug and Containership. At various experimental speeds, the results showed that for every 1 knots increase in the speed of the Containership, the effective power developed increases by 9.45%. This provides a technical and analytical guide on hull form resistance trend for engineers and ship operators.

MODEL ADOPSI PRODUK BANK SYARI’AH DI KUDUS: PENGEMBANGAN THEORY OF REASONED ACTION DAN SYARIAH COMPLIANCE

This study aims to analyze adoption model of Islamic bank products based onTheory of Reasoned Action (TRA) on the societies in Kudus. This study is a typeof survey research by using a quantitative approach. The research data areobtained from 140 respondents by using convenience sampling technique. Forresearch model testing technique, it used the statistical test Discriminant Analysis.The findings of this study is shown that the value of 0.753 CR2. If this value issquared (0,753)2 = 0,567, meaning that all discriminant variables (subjectivenorm, attitude towards use, syariah compliance and trust) can explain thedifferences in people’s behavior towards Islamic bank products between thecustomers of Islamic bank (adopter) and non-customers (non-adopter) by 56,7%.While the adoption rate of product acceptance in the Islamic bank can be predictedwith four predictor variables with the classification level of 95.7% with two levelsof adoption of Islamic bank products (adopters and non-adopters).

Verification of a hybrid model test method for a deep water floating system with large truncation factor

The hybrid model test method has been regarded as the most reliable method to investigate the dynamics of deepwater floating systems when the wave basin is not large enough to conduct the full water depth model tests at reasonable model scales. In order to get the reliable experimental results, the truncation factor should be less than 5. However, as the offshore oil and gas industry moves towards deeper waters, the model tests of floating structures carried out at the wave basin with reasonable model scales need to be revamped. The objective of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of largely truncated hybrid model test for the deep water floating systems. The hybrid model test techniques and the dynamic behaviors of the truncated mooring lines are also studied. In order to achieve the static and dynamic similarities easily in the largely-truncated model tests, an optimization design method of the truncated mooring system is proposed, and the similarities of platform motion responses as well as the mooring lines dynamics are investigated in the largely-truncated model tests. To verify the present method, a deepwater semisubmersible system operated in 1500m and 1000m water depth is truncated to 200m water depth based on the static equivalent principle (the truncation factors are 7.5 and 5 respectively), and the dynamically similar design is implemented to the model tests which are carried out at China Ship Scientific Research Center wave basin. The motion responses of the platform and the mooring line dynamics are obtained. These experimental results are used to compare with the numerical simulation, which is based on the full time domain coupled dynamic analysis method. The comparisons show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the model measurements.

Stability and Drag Analysis of Wheeled Amphibious Vehicle Using CFD and Model Testing Techniques

Amphibious design of combat vehicle has become a challenging task in the context of increase in Gross Vehicle weight (GVW) of present generation combat vehicles due to demand for high protection levels and higher capacity engine and transmission, incorporation of multiple weapon systems, increased ammunition storage and larger addition of electrical and electronic items. Development of combat vehicles is complex and very expensive, and normally limited with less number of prototypes. The scale modeling and CFD analysis offers a viable solution to accomplish the amphibian design of a combat vehicle with adequate confidence before manufacturing the actual prototype. In the present work, an approach involving experimental towing test using scaled model and CFD simulation has been used to carry out the amphibious design of an 8X8, wheeled, combat vehicle with GVW of 22 ton. In this work, a 1/5th scaled model of the vehicle was manufactured and tested in the towing tank at different test speeds for drag and stability analysis. CFD analysis was carried out on the full scale model to gain adequate details about the dynamics of vehicle in the water in addition to drag estimation. Good correlation has been found in drag values and the flow patterns obtained from towing tank tests and CFD simulations.

Low-Speed Model Testing Studies for an Exit Stage of High Pressure Compressor

This paper discusses detailed experimental studies of a low-speed large-scale axial compressor, which is typical of an exit stage of HPC. Numerous measuring techniques were performed, and detailed experimental results were obtained, including inlet boundary layer total pressure distributions, overall compressor and model-stage performance, traverse flow field between blade rows and inside the stator for the model stage, static pressure on the stator blade and casing dynamic pressure of the rotor. The objective of the study is to assess the low-speed model compressor design and verify 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Results show that inlet endwall blockage requirement of HPC exit stage is achieved; the low-speed model compressor design is fundamentally successful; the flow rate and pressure rise requirements are met at the design operating point, although the flow loss is relatively larger than design values for the lower half span, which can be attributed to a certain hub-corner separation. Furthermore, the reliability of adopted 3D commercial CFD code is validated. It is proved that the low-speed model testing technique is still a prospective way for the design of high performance HPC.

Improvements of model-test method for cavitation-induced pressure fluctuation in marine propeller

Although the prediction of propeller cavitation-induced pressure fluctuation strongly depends on the model-scale measurement in a cavitation tunnel, there is still a lack of correlation with full-scale data. This paper deals with the enhancement of such a correlation deficiency by improving the conventional model-test technique, two majors of which are in the following. One is to take into account the boundary layer effect of wooden fairing plate at the ceiling of water cavitation tunnel. The other is to avoid the resonance frequency range of model-ship via adjusting the revolution speed of model propeller. Through a case study, for which both model and full-scale test data are available, the improved method in this study shows its validness, and furthermore a close correlation with full scale measurement.

Development of effective model test in pack ice conditions of square-type ice model basin

The effective model test methods of a square-type ice model basin in pack ice conditions were developed. Three individual pack ice channels, each with different concentrations of ice floe, were prepared using wooden staples, and these effects are verified in this research. The minimum channel breadth for the pack ice conditions was more than 6m. In addition, the influence of the ship resistance in relation to the size of the ice floes in pack ice conditions was analyzed. Finally, we determined that the test result could be improved by applying a new technique to calculate the pack ice concentration. This study is intended to contribute to the improvement of a model test technique in pack ice conditions, and we conclude that the test result in pack ice conditions is more accurate.

Analysis and testing of black‐box component‐based systems by inferring partial models

SUMMARYFrom experience in component‐based software engineering, it is known that the integration of high‐quality components may not yield high‐quality software systems. It is difficult to evaluate all possible interactions between the components in the system to uncover inter‐component misfunctions. The problem is even harder when the components are used without source code, specifications or formal models. Such components are called black boxes in literature. This paper presents an iterative approach of combining model learning and testing techniques for the formal analysis of a system of black‐box components. In the approach, individual components in the system are learned as finite state machines that (partially) model the behavioural structure of the components. The learned models are then used to derive tests for refining the partial models and/or finding integration faults in the system. The approach has been applied on case studies that have produced encouraging results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Interfacing the GROMOS (bio)molecular simulation software to quantum‐chemical program packages

The newly implemented quantum-chemical/molecular-mechanical (QM/MM) functionality of the Groningen molecular simulation (GROMOS) software for (bio)molecular simulation is described. The implementation scheme is based on direct coupling of the GROMOS C++ software to executables of the quantum-chemical program packages MNDO and TURBOMOLE, allowing for an independent further development of these packages. The new functions are validated for different test systems using program and model testing techniques. The effect of truncating the QM/MM electrostatic interactions at various QM/MM cutoff radii is discussed and the application of semiempirical versus density-functional Hamiltonians for a solute molecule in aqueous solution is compared.