Social Model Research Articles

Rumor detection using BERT-based social circle and interaction network model

Rumor detection using BERT-based social circle and interaction network model

An Evaluation of the Maternal Patient Experience through Natural Language Processing Techniques: The Case of Twitter Data in the United States during COVID-19

The healthcare sector constantly investigates ways to improve patient outcomes and provide more patient-centered care. Delivering quality medical care involves ensuring that patients have a positive experience. Most healthcare organizations use patient survey feedback to measure patients’ experiences. However, the power of social media can be harnessed using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to provide researchers with valuable insights into understanding patient experience and care. Our primary research objective is to develop a social media analytics model to evaluate the maternal patient experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the “COVID-19 Tweets” Dataset, which has over 28 million tweets, and extracted tweets from the US with words relevant to maternal patients. The maternal patient cohort was selected because the United States has the highest percentage of maternal mortality and morbidity rate among the developed countries in the world. We evaluated patient experience using natural language processing (NLP) techniques such as word clouds, word clustering, frequency analysis, and network analysis of words that relate to “pains” and “gains” regarding the maternal patient experience, which are expressed through social media. The pandemic showcased the worries of mothers and providers on the risks of COVID-19. However, many people also shared how they survived the pandemic. Both providers and maternal patients had concerns regarding the pregnancy risks due to COVID-19. This model will help process improvement experts without domain expertise to understand the various domain challenges efficiently. Such insights can help decision-makers improve the patient care system.

Unraveling relationship dynamics in sports teams: A primer on the social relations model

Interpersonal behavior in sports teams are inherently intricate. The Social Relations Model (SRM) presents a compelling framework to conceptualize and dissect these complexities, enabling the empirical testing of theories concerning relationships within group settings. The SRM decomposes dyadic measurements obtained from a round-robin design into components at the individual (actor and partner) level, relationship level, and team level. Leveraging data on need satisfaction, as experienced by the coach, team captain and two other athletes in relation to each other across 96 sports teams, we showcase the application of the SRM. A step-by-step introduction to the implementation of the model in R is provided. We elucidate how the SRM facilitates the investigation of research questions that deepen our understanding of team dynamics. Our illustration reveals that while the team effect exhibits minimal explanatory power over variability, substantial variability in need satisfaction is accounted for by both individual factors (actor and partner) and relationship effects. Notably, considerable differences are observed between sports teams in the extent to which coaches elicited need satisfaction in their team members. On average, coaches elicit lower levels of need satisfaction compared to other team members. Reciprocal relationships are evident in the team captain-athlete dyad and the athlete-athlete dyad, but not in dyadic relationships with the coach. In sum, this tutorial illustrates how analyzing dyadic data from a round-robin design using the SRM can enhance our understanding of dyadic relationship data within sports teams.

The role of altruistic behavior in emergency evacuation: A simulation study

Given the rising threat of terror attacks and the increasing frequency of natural disasters attributed to climate change, enhancing evacuation capacities in various spaces has become crucial for saving lives and accelerating recovery processes. This study investigates the influence of altruistic behavior on evacuation efficiency by developing a social force model that categorizes individuals into three demographic groups: youth, middle-aged, and seniors. Simulation experiments based on the model were conducted to evaluate the impact of altruistic behavior on evacuation efficiency under different conditions, such as evacuation capacity, reliability, and recovery time. The simulation results show that a higher probability of falling leads to longer evacuation times. While an increase in the probability of altruistic behavior improves evacuation efficiency, excessive altruistic behavior causes evacuation times to vary in a zigzag pattern. When the help range exceeds 0.7m, evacuation efficiency fluctuates without a clear trend of improvement.

Influence of Internet Use on Happiness in China: Mediating Effects of Environmental Quality Perception and Moderating Role of Sense of Environmental Security.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the effects of different types of Internet use and happiness while considering the mediating role of environmental quality perception and the moderating role of a sense of environmental security. Drawing on the uses and gratifications theory, negativity bias, and social cognitive theory, the study investigates the mediating role of environmental quality perception and the moderating role of environmental security in the above relationship. Using data from 3162 respondents in the 2021 Chinese Social Survey (CSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study finds that Internet use for information and educational purposes significantly enhances happiness, with environmental quality perception acting as a mediator. Moreover, a moderating effect of environmental security was observed in the relationship between Internet use for educational purposes and national environmental quality perception. Specifically, the interaction between study-related Internet use and the sense of environmental security significantly and positively predicted national environmental quality perception. These findings highlight the complex interaction between Internet use, environmental factors, and happiness, offering insights into policy interventions aimed at improving Internet access and environmental awareness to enhance public mental health outcomes in China.

Profit Tax as a Character of Regional Budget of Our Time

The authors develop approaches to tax decentralization based on the theory of imperfect institutions by T. Eggertsson, in terms of the critically important profit tax for regional budgets of Russia. We see the goal of our research in finding a balance between the action of formal rules and informal, social norms, technologies, and models for distributing the profits of the largest Russian companies as a tax base between the federal center of Russia and the regions depending on the actual location of employees and assets. The article is devoted to the action of a successful and unique formal rule of the tax institution for the Russian Federation – the formation of consolidated groups of taxpayers (CGT). The novelty of the article lies in the study of the phenomenon of transformation of the domestic system of paying profit tax in 2023 as a replacement of one formal rule (action of CGTs) with another formal rule – the introduction of a new excess profit tax for Russia. An empirical study of the regional distribution of payments of legal entities-payers of profit tax according to the formal rules of the CGTs from among the largest Russian companies registered outside Moscow was conducted. Based on the results of the study, a general conclusion was made about the acute contradiction of the current economic policy in Russia in the content of the tax institution: between the new informal social norm on territorial decentralization of the largest Russian companies and the opposite formal rules of tax centralization in terms of profit tax. In this regard, the current policy of coincidence of territorial and tax decentralization in terms of state-owned companies in China deserves attention.

Appreciation, Analysis and Creation in the Teaching-learning of the Plastic Arts

Aim. The Didactics of the Plastic Education is necessarily nourished by the general didactics and the arts, as well as by their particular methodologies, in aspects related to the teaching-learning of the textual analysis, and specifically, the study of the visual code (iconic and visual signs, tropes or rhetorical figures, etc.), which dialogues with theory, semiotics, cultural anthropology, among other sciences. Methods. In academic research, methods such as the analysis of the results of pedagogical activity, ethnographic or experiential and inductive-deductive methods were used. Results. The Didactics of a Plastic Education requires an urgent review that includes, from its most general principles and laws, to the aspects related to the selection and sequencing of content, the role of the student's plastic education in achieving a social model, the distinctions between artistic education, aesthetic education and teaching of the plastic arts in all the integrality and complexity of their discourses, the teaching-learning process, its essence and contradictions, the categorical system of the teaching-learning process, among other fundamental aspects. The present study contributes to this rethinking of the theoretical and methodological postulates of the Didactics of Plastic Education, as it proposes as an objective: to argue the didactic principle of the unity between appreciation, analysis and textual creation in the teaching-learning process of the visual image analysis. Conclusion. This argument constitutes a theoretical contribution to the science, and clarifies, while unifying, criteria and procedures in the pedagogical practice of artists, teachers, instructors and masters of the plastic arts.

Herd behavior identification based on coevolution in human–machine collaborative multi-stage large group decision-making

As the scale of multi-stage large group decision-making (LGDM) continues to expand, the possibility of low-contribution individuals exhibiting herd behavior also increases, potentially leading to the phenomenon of “fishing in troubled waters.” This may obstruct the speed of consensus reaching while generating no valuable opinions, which is a topic worthy of exploration. Considering that humans are easily influenced by interests, the employment of machine intelligence to objectively identify herd behavior is more appropriate. In this context, a herd behavior identification method based on behavioral characteristics clustering from the perspective of human–machine collaboration is herein proposed. First, from the human side, an opinion–social network coevolution model is constructed to simulate the consensus reaching process (CRP) of the expert group. Then, the group is clustered into three subgroups in consideration of behavior that encompasses both opinion changes and trust relationship changes. Based on this, the low-contribution cluster with a herd behavior pattern can be optimized from the machine side. Through simulation experiments, it is verified that herd behavior management significantly accelerates the consensus-reaching speed under the premise of having minimal impact on the decision-making results. In general terms, this study is the first to propose the concept of herd behavior and provides a solution to manage it from a new perspective, which is suitable for application in multi-stage LGDM scenarios.

Da Exclusão à Expressão: Arte como Ferramenta de Inclusão e Empoderamento para Alunos com Necessidades Especiais

This study explores the profound relationship between art and inclusion in the education of students with special needs. Art transcends its role as a curricular discipline, becoming a powerful tool for the holistic development and empowerment of these students. By challenging stereotypes and promoting full participation, art offers a space for expression, communication, and learning for all, regardless of their needs. The research highlights the importance of adapting materials, activities, and environments, as well as the ongoing training of teachers, to make art accessible and meaningful for all students. Through flexibility, creativity, and sensitivity, teachers can create a welcoming and stimulating learning environment where every student feels valued and encouraged to explore their creative potential. Theories such as constructivism, the Social Model of Disability, and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences provide a solid theoretical foundation for the construction of inclusive pedagogical practices. The methodology adopted in this study is qualitative bibliographic research, which seeks to analyze and synthesize the knowledge produced on the relationship between art and inclusion in theeducation of students with special needs. The study concludes that art, when used intentionally and adapted, can be a powerful tool for promoting inclusion, holistic development, and empowerment of students with special needs. Art reveals itself as a path towards building a fairer, more equitable, and creative education, where every individual has the opportunity to flourish fully and contribute to the construction of a more humane and supportive world.

Requirements for the modern urban environment: the case of Munich’s Viktualienmarkt food market

ABSTRACT This study considers and analyzes the challenges spurred by the COVID-19 spread in an urban environment under the example of Munich’s Viktualienmarkt food market operation. Its ultimate goal is to propose a comprehensive social distancing model for the German population in terms of food and economic activities under pandemic and post-pandemic conditions. As a result, the paper presented two dedicated models developed under current COVID-related safety measures. The first model was designed for food markets and involved the placement of a distancing grid with portable benches. The second model was designed for public eating facilities and involved the usage of isolated dining booths. The predicted effectiveness of the work of the food market and neighbouring eating facilities under the suggested solutions was investigated using the surveys addressed to the visitors of the studied area. The surveying process reaffirmed the necessity for advancing the development of innovative architectural concepts.

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic experiences on attitudes towards vaccinations: on the social, cultural and political determinants of preferred vaccination organization models in Poland

BackgroundThe article describes attitudes towards vaccinations in Poland in relation to issues such as voluntary versus compulsory vaccinations, the method of financing vaccinations, the method of organizing and carrying out vaccinations, the cognitive and educational aspect of vaccines (how to obtain knowledge about vaccines) and the preferred model of work and research on new vaccines. Taking into account these issues, the authors have created four ideal models of preferred vaccination policies: (a) the market model; (b) the state model; (c) the vaccine hesitancy model; and (d) the civic–social model. This perspective makes it possible to better understand and learn about the various motives behind the attitudes of anti-vaccination movements, as well as to notice cracks and divisions among vaccination supporters and their attitudes towards the financing and organization of vaccinations.MethodsThe study was carried out using the CATI method on a representative random-quota sample of Polish society of 1000 people aged 18 and over. The study took age, sex, education and the size of the place of residence into account.Additionally, in the Socio-demographic factors influencing attitudes towards vaccination practices in Poland section, we used the chi-squared test and regression analysis of factors influencing vaccination practices in Poland. PASW Statistics 18 (a version of SPSS) software was used for statistical analysis. Significant correlations were demonstrated at a significance level of 0.05% Pearson.ResultsThis article has shown that attitudes towards vaccinations are embedded in broader divisions and orientations related to the vision of the social order: the role of the state, the organization of healthcare and payments for vaccinations and medical services, as well as preferred ways of knowledge production in society and work on new vaccines. The political sympathies and the age of the respondents were the most important variables influencing vaccination behaviour. The education of the respondents was less important.ConclusionsA few years after the peak of the pandemic, the scope of anti-vaccination attitudes in Polish society ranges from 20% of the population (dogmatic anti-vaxxers) to 30% (vaccine hesitancy occurring depending on attitudes towards vaccinations).

The Interplay of Market Choices and Social Mission: Learning From B2B Social Enterprises in Emerging Economies

Social enterprises that operate in business-to-business contexts, often out of emerging economies, typically face high expectations from business clients, mainstream competition, and the challenge of operating across distances. In these contexts, social enterprises need to carefully choose which market segments to serve and how to organize their social mission accordingly. Based on the case of impact sourcing—hiring and training of disadvantaged staff for global business services—we seek to better understand this interplay. In general, we find that social enterprises in this context focus on serving either domestic clients with an implicit social mission and an integrated social enterprise model or international clients with a more explicit social mission and a decoupled model. We discuss why both main configurations represent viable social enterprise models in the outsourcing industry, and why, in particular, the professional background of founders plays a key role in these strategic choices. Our findings contribute to a more nuanced and context-sensitive understanding of social enterprise model adoption in emerging economies.

Patient learning choices in an online health infomediary

ABSTRACT Health infomediaries are online interactive platforms where patients learn about diseases, procedures, and treatments, but how the learning dynamics evolve to help patients make decisions is unknown. Investigating patient learning in health information is essential to enabling patient empowerment using these platforms. In this study, we theoretically anchor patients’ learning processes in a health infomediary to Nonaka-Takeuchi’s Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization (SECI) learning dynamics model, with the infomediary as the ba or collaborative space for learning. We posit that questions reflect externalization for a focal learning patient, while reviews and comments reflect socialization, driving patients’ knowledge internalization. Learning with more information aids patients in health-relevant choices and actions such as a doctor consultation in a health infomediary. Three hypotheses about continued learning choices are presented and tested using data from 8,900 reconstructive surgery health infomediary users, using a multichoice mixed logit model with panel estimations. Findings show patients continue to review and comment more than questions to learn about trendy surgeries, which is counterintuitive to existing insights, whereas questions lead to learning sentiment-laden information. Exploratory analyses suggest that learning through reviews regarding post-procedural services may deter, but other learning modes motivate patients to consult a doctor. We discuss the theoretical contributions and implications for infomediary design and research.

Novice teachers’ challenges of teaching physical education in urban schools

ABSTRACT Guided by occupational socialisation theory (Lawson [1983a] Toward a model of teacher socialization in physical education: The subjective warrant, recruitment, and teacher education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2(3), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2.3.3; Lawson [1983b]. Toward a model of teacher socialization in physical education: Entry into schools, teachers’ role orientations, and longevity in teaching (part 2). Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 3(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.3.1.3; Lortie [1975]. Schoolteacher. University of Chicago Press) and culturally relevant physical education (CRPE) (Flory and McCaughtry [2011]. Culturally relevant physical education in urban schools: Reflecting cultural knowledge. Research Quarterly Forexercise and Sport, 82(1), 49–60), this study aimed to identify the challenges experienced by two novice physical education teachers working in urban schools. To accomplish this, two participants completed five written reflections and five in-depth interviews each across eight months. Despite strong academic backgrounds, successful internships in urban settings, and teacher education programs intentionally designed to prepare them for teaching in urban school settings, the participants described two overarching challenges they experienced: a lack of resources and issues implementing the curriculum. Considering the participants’ prior experience and context-specific training to work in urban school settings, the results reinforce the necessity for additional training, support, and stronger partnerships between universities, schools, and districts to bolster teacher retention in urban schools.

Proposal for a social certification model for agriculture in Latin America aligned with the sustainable development goals

Proposal for a social certification model for agriculture in Latin America aligned with the sustainable development goals

A novel extended social force model for studying the impact of the heterogeneity of pedestrian physical fitness on emergency evacuation efficiency

Emergencies in public places, particularly confined crowded areas, will disrupt the stability of dense crowds and consequently lead to accidents. To promote public emergency safety, there is a pressing need for efficient modeling methods to investigate the evacuation mechanism in these places and improve the social public safety. This study proposes a Physical Fitness Heterogeneity based Social Force Model (PFH-SFM) that takes into account the heterogeneous desired evacuation velocity caused by the heterogeneity of pedestrian physical fitness, by means of developing the normalized desired velocity ratio. Then, we use PFH-SFM to investigate the relationships between the escape rate and the desired velocity, and between the evacuation duration and the desired velocity in terms of various group sizes with heterogeneous physical fitness, the relationship between the percentage of reduction in evacuation duration and desired velocity when including weak pedestrians, the pedestrian distribution in the evacuation process, the relationship between the total evacuation duration and the desired velocity in terms of various proportions of weak pedestrians and the relationship between the evacuation duration and the desired velocity in terms of various normalized starting and ending velocity ratios by considering various group sizes, respectively. The findings of this study show that the existence of a certain small proportion of pedestrians with weak physical fitness can promote global evacuation dynamics, especially in the case of high crowded density, and can reduce evacuation duration by up to 20% in our experiments. Additionally, when the percentage of pedestrians with weak physical fitness is relatively high, they tend to have a detrimental effect on the evacuation efficiency. Furthermore, there exists a moderate normalized desired starting velocity ratio that maximizes the overall evacuation efficiency; on the other hand, the lower the normalized desired ending velocity ratio is, the more efficient the evacuation is. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first time to introduce the concepts of normalized desired starting and ending velocity ratios and innovatively analyzes the impact of the continuously changing desired velocity of pedestrians on the evacuation efficiency in multi-exit scenarios. The results offer valuable insights for relevant stakeholders to formulate effective evacuation plans, so as to enhance urban emergency capacity and minimize social and economic losses.

Desired support system to eradicate urban homelessness: an exploratory descriptive study.

Background - The new increasing homeless lately consist of women, children, youth, the elderly and marginalized ethnic or migrant groups. Some of them are working and earn salaries, however, the income is not sufficient to live modestly. Purpose - The purpose of this research is to establish a desired support system to eradicate urban homelessness in the country. Design/methodology/approach - This is an exploratory descriptive method study which employed quantitative techniques. The study employed a social ecological model to investigate behavior of homeless via multiple levels of influences including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public policy. Surveys have been conducted on sixty-five homeless individuals. Findings - It was found that support systems and structures should be derived from the whole streams from families, communities, organizations and government. Employment opportunities, long-term shelters within the community places and highly demanded skills are needed to improve their living condition. Research limitations - This study is only focused on the socio-economic structures of the homeless in a capital city. Originality/value - This is an empirical research using a social ecological model for the homeless in the Kuala Lumpur area. Research on homeless study has received little attention and has yet to be fully explored.

Dynamical analysis of a switched social behavior model

Dynamical analysis of a switched social behavior model

Improving access in medical physics residency programs for physicists with disabilities.

Within the landscape of medical physics education, residency programs are instrumental in imparting hands-on training and experiential knowledge to early-career physicists. Ensuring access to educational opportunities for physicists with disabilities is a legal, ethical, and pragmatic requirement for programs, considering that a significant proportion of the United States population has a disability. Grounded in conceptual frameworks of competency-based medical education and the social model of disability, this work provides an introduction to some practical recommendations for medical physics residency programs. Strategies include embracing universal design principles, fostering partnerships with disability service offices, using inclusive language, developing and publicizing clear procedures for disclosing disabilities and requesting accommodations, and maintaining an overall commitment to equitable access to education. This work urges medical physics residency leadership to proactively move towards training environments that support the needs of residents across the spectrum of disability, highlighting why disability inclusion fundamentally enriches diversity.

Trusting Our Instincts: Evaluating the Evolutionary and Rational Foundations of Moral Intuitions

This paper delves into the nature and reliability of moral intuitions, building upon Jonathan Haidt’s social intuitionist model, which suggests that moral judgments stem from instinctive reactions followed by rational justifications. By examining Haidt’s experiments, which reveal the primacy of intuitive responses over rational deliberation, this paper seeks to address whether we have valid reasons to trust these moral intuitions. Drawing from evolutionary psychology, it argues that moral intuitions have historically contributed to the survival and success of the human species, thereby providing them with normative value. However, given the rapid advancements in technology and societal changes, these intuitions may sometimes lead to nonoptimal or disastrous outcomes. The paper proposes a rational test to determine the reliability of moral intuitions: we should trust an intuition if its generalized application benefits the human species. Potential counterarguments, such as the historical misuse of evolutionary logic in eugenics, are addressed to underscore the validity of this test. The conclusion emphasizes that while moral intuitions are generally trustworthy due to their evolutionary roots, rational thought must intervene when intuitions become outdated in the face of contemporary challenges.