Rational Planning Research Articles

Professional, educational and psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatricians

ABSTRACT Objectives COVID-19 infection is not limited to medical aspects, but may have significant negative impacts on education, tourism, the economy as well as sociocultural, ethical, and legal aspects. We aimed to assess the multidimensional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatricians by examining their COVID-19 infection, domestic life and quarantine, as well as work patterns, educational activities, and psychosocial impact. Methods An online survey consisted of seven sections and 68 questions was prepared through ‘Google Forms.’ The survey was sent via e-mail to physicians who are members of the National Pediatric Association of Turkey. Results The pandemic has affected pediatricians working in our country in a multifaceted aspect. They experienced significant anxiety/depression/stress, 8% of them felt it at a pathological level and were receiving treatment, and women and young pediatricians were more vulnerable to the pandemic. The more adequately informed about the disease, the more prepared for COVID-19 and lower levels of psychological distress, which emphasizes the importance of education and institutional continuing support. Our study showed that academic education was seriously disrupted and the satisfaction rate with virtual education was low. Conclusion Although COVID-19 has less impact today, it has taught us that it is necessary to be ready for new pandemics in the future. The required measures should be taken urgently and effectively healthcare professionals should follow a rational and applicable disaster plan.

Стратегічні пріоритети формування економічної безпеки і диджиталізації управлінської звітності для розвитку малих форм господарювання на сільських територіях

The article is dedicated to examining the fundamental strategic priorities for developing managerial reporting in the context of economic security for small-scale enterprises in rural areas, considering the growth of agribusinesses in Ukraine and worldwide. It has been demonstrated that integrating digitalization into managerial accounting significantly improves the efficiency of the information support system for agricultural enterprises. Approaches have been proposed to establish optimal managerial reporting for small-scale enterprises in rural areas. It is noted that implementing digital technologies in reporting dramatically enhances the transparency and accuracy of financial operations, allowing for the timely identification of financial risks and the prevention of undesirable losses, thereby maintaining the economic security of agribusiness enterprises. Small enterprises in rural areas, which are limited in resources and opportunities for obtaining credit or external investments, can. However, they leverage digitalized reporting systems to improve their financial reliability when collaborating with potential investors and creditors. Moreover, the digitalization of managerial reporting facilitates the optimization of management processes, allowing for more rational planning of the enterprise’s available resources. To this end, we analyzed data from a sheep farming enterprise. In calculating economic indicators in managerial reporting, a developed format for digitalized accounting and reporting information is presented for small-scale enterprises involved in sheep farming. The decrease in the number of sheep and the productivity of products (milk and wool) by 4% from the planned volumes relates to the low quality of fodder, which directly affected the economic results of the agrarian business enterprise. At the same time, the actual revenues of the enterprise turned out to be 4.2% lower than planned due to the fall in the wool market and a slight decrease in revenues from the sale of dairy products. The conclusion is drawn that further implementation of digitalization in accounting processes is advisable to reduce bookkeeping costs. It is substantiated that, in the context of globalization and the digital transformation of markets, the digitalization of accounting procedures is an integral element of the development of management systems, ensuring their adaptability to the challenges of the modern economy. Keywords: agrarian business, strategic priorities, economic development, small businesses, international business, rural areas, enterprise, digitalization, management reporting, economic security.

Transforming Urban Space: The Success of Sustainable Regeneration in Speirs Locks

This paper examines the Speirs Locks area regeneration project in Glasgow, focusing on the implementation of a sustainable and inclusive master plan aimed at revitalising the canal area. The study explores the strategic integration of urban planning principles, stakeholder engagement and environmental sustainability in the redevelopment process. Through qualitative analysis and case study methods, the research highlights the project's successes and challenges, particularly in improving the social, economic, and environmental conditions in the area. The findings show that despite facing physical and infrastructural constraints, the regeneration project has significantly improved the quality of life of the local community and set an example for future urban redevelopment initiatives.

Research Status and Development Trend of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology for Aluminum Alloys

It is difficult for traditional aluminum alloy manufacturing technology to meet the requirements of large-scale and high-precision complex shape structural parts. Wire Arc additive manufacturing technology (WAAM) is an innovative production method that presents the unique advantages of high material utilization, a large degree of design freedom, fast prototyping speed, and low cast. As a result, WAAM is suitable for near-net forming of large-scale complex industrial production and has a wide range of applications in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and marine engineering fields. In order to serve as a reference for the further development of WAAM technology, this paper provides an overview of the current developments in WAAM both from the digital control system and processing parameters in summary of the recent research progress. This work firstly summarized the principle of simulation layering and path planning and discussed the influence of relative technological parameters, such as current, wire feeding speed, welding speed, shielding gas, and so on. It can be seen that both the welding current and wire feeding speed are directly proportional to the heat input while the travel speed is inversely proportional to the heat input. This process regulation is an important means to improve the quality of deposited parts. This paper then summarized various methods including heat input, alloy composition, and heat treatment. The results showed that in the process of WAAM, it is necessary to control the appropriate heat input to achieve minimum heat accumulation and improve the performance of the deposited parts. To obtain higher mechanical properties (tensile strength has been increased by 28%–45%), aluminum matrix composites by WAAM have proved to be an effective method. The corresponding proper heat treatment can also increase the tensile strength of WAAM Al alloy by 104.3%. In addition, mechanical properties are always assessed to evaluate the quality of deposited parts. The mechanical properties including the tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness of the deposited parts under different processing conditions have been summarized to provide a reference for the quality evaluation of the deposition. Examples of industrial products fabricated by WAAM are also introduced. Finally, the application status of WAAM aluminum alloy is summarized and the corresponding future research direction is prospected.

The new paradigm of future cities? Facilitating dialogues between the 15-minute city and the 15-minute life circle in China based on a bibliometric analysis

Cities worldwide are facing increasing disturbances due to the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic, the unpredictable climate change, and the intensifying geopolitical clashes. The uncertainties associated with the future drive a backlash against contemporary planning practices that center on growth-oriented agenda and placemaking to survive neoliberal inter-city competitions. A noticeable paradigm shift towards micro-scale and human-centric planning practices has gained traction. The 15-minute city model (FMC), which was proposed by Carlos Moreno in 2016 and went viral after the pandemic, has become a prominent concept in steering future city development. Interestingly, China has also embarked on a transition from physical-oriented to human-centric planning, which is featured by the concept of the 15-minute life circle (FLC) and its planning guidelines first promulgated in Shanghai in 2016. While both concepts have thrived since then, few scholarly attempts have been made to advance the mutual learning process. This research aims to facilitate a dialogue between the two research communities, starting with a systematic literature review of the FMC. Using a bibliometric analysis, it maps the development and evolution of research on the FMC and identifies four key themes: sustainability, resilience, utopian city models, and technology. Based on the findings, the research discusses the complexity and current trends in the FMC literature. It compares the human-centric and chrono-urbanism planning principles in FMC and FLC cases, highlighting the differences in origins, priorities, and planning principles. The study concludes with three directions for mutual learning: integrating resilient thinking, synthesizing theoretical development and practical accumulation, and adopting a new urban regeneration perspective.

Automated Defect Detection on Dry-Hanging Stone Curtain Walls through Colored Point Clouds

Stone curtain walls are widely used in contemporary architectures; however, their regular inspection is always labor-intensive, time-consuming, and hazardous due to the complex and enclosed spatial structure of these high-rise building enclosures. To address this issue, this study proposes an automated and novel inspection method, which is composed of the following three steps: First, we utilize 3D laser scanning technology to capture colored point cloud data of the stone curtain wall system; subsequently, by extracting and processing the integration of color and depth information, the stone panels and end sealants are precisely segmented; finally, various defects, such as cracks, unevenness, and irregularities, are automatically identified through artificial intelligence algorithms in a timely manner. To validate the proposed method, an on-site experiment was carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness in detecting multiple defects concurrently on stone curtain walls. The experimental results showed that our proposed method could provide a non-contact and automated inspection alternative for all the stone curtain walls with a high accuracy of anomaly detection, facilitating rational maintenance plans and strategies to ensure the safety and performance of these modern building enclosures.

广西专用饲料稻“中早39”气候品质评价与精细化区划

Using the staged sowing experiment data and rice quality data of the specialized forage rice "Zhongzao 39"(hereinafter referred to as "Z-39") conducted in Nanning, Guangxi, combined with climate and geographic information data, the meteorological factors that play a key role in the formation of rice quality for the specialized forage rice "Z-39" are screened and determined. Based on the actual planting of specialize forage rice in Guangxi and the critical disaster causing indicators of "Z-39" specialize forage rice, the climate quality zoning index of "Z-39" is determined. GIS fine grid spatial simulation analysis method is used for refined spatial simulation analysis on key meteorological factors. The zoning indicator method and path analysis method are fully used for refined level zoning of the climate quality of Guangxi specialized forage rice "Z-39". It includes three levels: optimal, high-quality, and suboptimal. Ultimately, a refined zoning map for the climate quality of "Z-39" is developed, and the results are in line with the actual situation of forage rice cultivation in Guangxi. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the rational planning and sustainable development of the specialized forage rice "Z-39" in Guangxi.

Modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption in China from 2000 to 2020 based on multisource remote sensing data and machine learning

China's rising electricity power consumption (EPC) is strongly correlated with carbon emissions. Timely and accurate analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC is important to the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals in China. However, due to data quality problems and limitations of modeling methods, the estimation accuracy warrants further improvement. In this study, the EPC in China from 2000 to 2020 was estimated based on multisource remote sensing data using the Random Forest (RF) model. Compared with previous studies, the accuracy of this study was improved by 39%–47%. The reasons were combining multisource remote sensing data can mitigate the quality issues of nighttime light (NTL) data, and the RF can capture the nonlinear relations between remote sensing data and EPC. In addition, the spatial pattern of the average EPC in China was dominated by the low-level EPC, as well as showing an obvious increasing trend. We also found that in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and northern coastal China, the low-speed increase in EPC led to high carbon emissions and emission intensity. We suggest optimizing the fuel fix of energy and adjusting the industrial structure, combining them with scientific and rational spatial planning.

A sliding mode based foot-end trajectory consensus control method with variable topology for legged motion of heavy-duty robot

Rational foot-end trajectory planning and control are of great significance for stable-legged walking of heavy-duty multi-legged robots. To achieve a fast, active, and compliant response of the leg actuator to disturbances for improvement of the stability and flexibility of the heavy-duty legged robot system during continuous walking on rough roads, a legged consensus control method (LCC) is proposed. Firstly, the LCC includes a foot-end trajectory planner model for designing the trajectory during the swing phase to ensure that the robot’s feet are always in a safe workspace during legged motion with continuously variable direction. Secondly, LCC constructs a consensus control method for encoding foot-end position and velocity consensus error based on variable topology networks. Six legs are treated as six intelligent agents and divided into two fully connected networks: the swing phase and stance phase, to achieve smooth and consistent motion that satisfies the geometric constraints of the robot. The foot-end agent can switch between swing and stance groups according to the state of the contact with the environment accompanied by the amendment topology, to enhance the robustness of the robot system through fast compliance control of the foot-end kinematics state. Then, the sliding mode control method based on consensus velocity and position error is deduced in LCC. The sliding mode surface is designed to make the three control variables realize stable movement with a consistent state of foot-end in three X,Y,Z-axis respectively, thereby enhancing the stability of foot-end state and fuselage posture. Finally, simulation and experiments have verified that the proposed LCC can assist legged-robot perform relatively steady legged motion with continuously variable direction on various rugged roads. The body attitude Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is quickly reduced by 81.0% compared with independent PI control. The LCC algorithm code is publicly available at https://github.com/bjmyX/LCC_code.

Evaluation of Public Transportation System through Social Network Analysis Approach

In response to the phenomenon of global warming, the transportation sector aims to mitigate carbon emissions by promoting the use of public transportation. This study employs social network analysis to propose effective improvements to the public transportation system, focusing on bus stop locations and route networks in Hwaseong City, South Korea. Two networks were constructed based on existing public transportation routes and usage data at each bus stop. The findings and implications are as follows: Analyzing the public transportation network from a network perspective can effectively contribute to improving the public transportation network route system. By evaluating centrality and brokerage for the existing routes, it is possible to identify inefficient routes and develop efficient route modification plans. Based on actual usage patterns, excessive bus supply and unnecessary bus stop locations can be identified, allowing for the establishment of appropriate operational plans. This can lead to improved operational efficiency and cost savings. Rational route design and operational planning can enhance public transportation services and promote increased use of public transportation. Ultimately, this contributes to sustainable development through carbon reduction in the transportation sector.

The impact of the urban landscape on PM2.5 from LCZ perspective: A case study of Shenyang

Based on the World City Database Access Portal tool (WUDAPT), the local Climate zoning (LCZ) classification of Shenyang(China) was carried out. With 8 environmental monitoring stations at the observation of the study area, LCZ landscape categories in the buffer zone of 500 m, 1000 m, and 3000 m were analyzed using ArcMap and Fragstats. The sensitivity analysis of the landscape category index correlated with PM2.5 was conducted to select the representativeness index. Matlab was used to construct the regression equation between the LCZ categories and PM2.5. The results show that AI_500, LSI_500, PD_500, LSI_1000, AI_1000, LSI_3000, and AI_3000 can be used as representative landscape indices to represent the aggregation and diversity of LCZ categories. The regression equations for PM2.5 in all four seasons include factors influencing the LCZ category landscape. This study analyzed the relationship between PM2.5 distribution and urban patterns from the perspective of the LCZ types. It provided the scientific reference for rational planning of urban layout and coordination of environment and urban development.

Gender-inclusive urban planning: European frameworks as a potential methodology for Arabian Gulf urban parks

PurposeThis trigger article explores established European gender-mainstreaming urban planning frameworks of urban parks to analyze and identify ways that could be applied or adapted for Arabian Gulf cities. It aims to accelerate the mainstreaming process, increasing women’s participation and inclusion in urban spaces, paving the way for future research.Design/methodology/approachAnalytical frameworks are created by reviewing legal and policy evolution, city-issued guidelines and European cities’ case studies (Barcelona, Berlin, Paris and Vienna) engaged in gender mainstreaming in urban planning. These analytical tools are then applied to assess two Arabian Gulf parks (Al Azaiba Wadi Park, Muscat, Oman, and Dahl Al-Hamam Park, Doha, Qatar), suggesting a possible future research methodology.FindingsSuccess factors in European cities include integrating female perspectives, detailed user analysis, specific planning solutions and political will. Despite differing social and cultural contexts, commonalities exist for female park users in Europe and the Arabian Gulf. This trigger article proposes a methodology for assessing the potential effective application or adaptation of European established frameworks in the Gulf context to accelerate gender mainstreaming.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper proposes a methodology for future research, noting limitations such as limited input on design preparation processes in Gulf City park case studies, a lack of feedback from park users and only a brief overview of sociocultural differences. Future research should explore nuanced cultural contexts, including historical processes and gender dynamics, thorough literature review, expanded case study analysis and participatory approaches. The proposed methodology aims to demonstrate how European frameworks can guide gender-mainstreaming efforts in diverse contexts, facilitating collaborative solutions for inclusive urban planning.Practical implicationsDrawing from decades of European gender-mainstreaming activities, the paper distills urban planning principles and best practices for application or adaptation in the Arab Gulf.Social implicationsEnhancing the park experience for women through planning and design boosts gender equality in cities, benefiting their physical and social well-being.Originality/valueAn original methodology is suggested for adapting well-developed European gender-mainstreaming frameworks to Arabian Gulf parks. Authored by a male, this paper aims to advance gender issues in planning while exploring the role men can play in contributing to such.

STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NETWORK OF SETTLEMENTS, AND URBANISATION IN THE SPATIAL PLANS OF SERBIA FROM 1996 TO THE PRESENT

The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia (SPRS) is a comprehensive planning document that establishes the general trend and concept for the further spatial development of Serbia. Its purpose is to provide a state platform for the spatial organisation of various structures and activities that determine how the territory of the Republic of Serbia is used, in order to ensure socially acceptable, rational/optimal and sustainable land use. From 1996 until today, three spatial plans have been prepared, the central theme of which is urbanisation and the development of a network of settlements, based on the inherited historical context but oriented towards modern planning principles. The paper presents an extract from the draft of the latest SPRS, which is in the adoption phase.

Quantitative analysis of soil potassium by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with a three-step progressive hybrid variable selection strategy

Soil potassium is a crucial nutrient element necessary for crop growth, and its efficient measurement has become essential for developing rational fertilization plans and optimizing crop growth benefits. At present, data mining technology based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis has proven to be a powerful tool for real-time monitoring of soil potassium content. However, as technology and instruments improve, the curse of the dimensionality problem also increases accordingly. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient variable selection methods suitable for NIR spectroscopy analysis techniques. In this study, we proposed a three-step progressive hybrid variable selection strategy, which fully leveraged the respective strengths of several high-performance variable selection methods. By sequentially equipping synergy interval partial least squares (SiPLS), the random forest variable importance measurement (RF(VIM)), and the improved mean impact value algorithm (IMIV) into a fusion framework, a soil important potassium variable selection method was proposed, termed as SiPLS-RF(VIM)-IMIV. Finally, the optimized variables were fitted into a partial least squares (PLS) model. Experimental results demonstrated that the PLS model embedded with the hybrid strategy effectively improved the prediction performance while reducing the model complexity. The RMSET and RT on the test set were 0.01181% and 0.88246, respectively, better than the RMSET and RT of the full spectrum PLS, SiPLS, and SiPLS-RF(VIM) methods. This study demonstrated that the hybrid strategy established based on the combination of NIR spectroscopy data and the SiPLS-RF(VIM)-IMIV method could quantitatively analyze soil potassium content levels and potentially solve other issues of data-driven soil dynamic monitoring.

Sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources based on "element coupling-function synergy" analytical framework: A case study of Guangdong, China

Solely focusing on the agricultural production function of cultivated land resources is not conducive to the various demands for meeting the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Recognizing the multifunctionality of cultivated land and understanding the interrelationships between individual functions are crucial for the rational planning and utilization of resources. This paper introduces an "element coupling-function synergy" analytical framework for the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources. The proposed framework is based on the causal relationships between elements and functions within the cultivated land system. Subsequently, a causal Bayesian belief network was constructed to identify trade-offs and synergies among multiple functions of cultivated land resources in Guangdong, China. The findings reveal trade-offs between food cleanliness and food production/social security, and synergistic relationships among food production, social security, and ecological regulation, as well as among ecological regulation, habitat maintenance and landscape culture. The study area was divided into eight functional zones: Green Agricultural Zone, Agro-inputs Control Zone, Urban Agricultural Zone, Major Grain-producing Zone, Modern Agricultural Zone, Agro-ecological Preservation Zone, Agro-ecological Tourism Zone, Quality Improvement Zone. Multi-objective management plans were formulated for optimizing multifunctional relationships within each zone. The analysis result reveals the importance of nutrient conditions and ecological environments for the sustainable management of cultivated land. Consequently, specific policy recommendations are proposed accordingly. This paper may not only advance understanding of the multifunctionality of cultivated land but can also provide valuable insights for land-use planning to ensure the judicious and sustainable management of cultivated land resources.

Examining the impact of housing security on urban crime rates and aggregation: a Chinese case study

ABSTRACT Indemnificatory housing under the background of Housing Security helps to curb the rise of crime rates, but also attracts low-income groups. They have a demand for housing, but it is difficult for them to rely on their own to solve the housing problem. The aggregation of low-income groups will lead to a decrease in social norms and moral constraints, and will produce ‘Crime Aggregation’ effect. Using panel data from 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2012–2021, this paper explored the effect of Housing Security Level on the overall crime rate. Further, a multi-period double difference model was constructed to analyse whether the construction of affordable housing leads to crime aggregation. The results showed that the crime rate showed a decreasing trend as the Housing Security Level increased. There was no significant change in the crime rate in the Xi’an, China before and after the indemnificatory housing construction. Xi’an has a more rational spatial planning and is not densely built up, resulting in fewer conflicts; in addition, due to China’s local characteristics of its social structural system, residents come from different cities rather than different countries and races, which weakens the effectiveness of social disintegration and has minimal impact on crime.

From roofs to renewables: Deep learning and geographic information systems insights into a comprehensive urban solar photovoltaic assessment for Stonehaven

As urban solar photovoltaic (PV) construction emerges as a leading renewable energy technology, there is a growing focus on its implementation. However, the challenges of scarce, low-resolution, and inaccurate PV-related data sources hinder accurate assessments of urban PV potentials and are not conducive to efficient and rational smart city planning. This study tackles these challenges by introducing a mature, detailed, and accurate assessment process, taking Stonehaven as an example, aimed at leveraging limited data to mine more data and geographic information useful for guiding urban PV planning. Initially, utilise existing Digital Surface Model (DSM) and optical image data, combined with deep learning techniques and a PV potential assessment model, to comprehensively assess the PV power generation potential of the Stonehaven area. Our results demonstrate that integrating DSM significantly enhances the accuracy of roof segmentation. Furthermore, compared with DeeplabV3, U-Net performs better in roof segmentation. Additionally, the solar radiation potential (SRP) map generated by DSM highlights the superior solar radiation receiving capacity of south-facing and flat roofs. We provide a detailed PV power generation potential (PPGP) map of individual building roofs, revealing the substantial potential of this area for generating up to 1.12 × 10^7 kWh of electricity per year. Detailed and fine-grained PPGP can also help to optimise PV siting and electricity resource allocation. Furthermore, our return-on-investment period (ROIP) analysis indicates that most Stonehaven roofs have ROIPs between 8.1 and 11.3 years. The detailed ROIP distribution map can help people make informed PV investment decisions. Future research directions include enhancing data quality, refining segmentation algorithms, and exploring assisted urban energy planning analysis for smarter urban planning.

Consideration of water policies in the urban development plans of Delhi: A collaborative planning perspective

AbstractThis paper discusses collaborative planning principles as a means to improve water supply systems in the case of Delhi, India, through primary and secondary data analysis. The theory of collaborative planning is a well‐established concept applied to obtain effective policies in planning through the collaboration of actors in a shared space. We use this framework to discuss strengths, weaknesses, and scope for collaboration in the current urban development plan formulation process of the city. Some of the principles of collaborative planning we use include communication, collective decision‐making processes, and network power in a shared institutional environment. Our findings indicate a lack of consideration of water policies in the urban development plans. This underlines a major gap in the current process of plan formulation and provides evidence that the absence of collaboration between institutions in both sectors contributes to poor water supply for the population in Delhi. At the same time, it emphasizes the importance of collaborative practices between urban development and water institutions for better planning of water service provision in Indian cities.

Impact of urban-rural development and its industrial elements on regional economic growth: An analysis based on provincial panel data in China

Urban-rural development is an important driving force for regional economic growth. The existing researches have studied this issue from various perspectives, but they ignore the impact of big data on the economy. In the post pandemic era, big data, as an emerging production factor, has a significant indicative effect in promoting urban-rural economic recovery and fostering new business forms. Therefore, fully considering the factor of big data can help reveal its impact mechanism on urban-rural economic growth in the post-epidemic period. Based on the data of 30 provinces and cities in China, this paper introduced big data on the basis of traditional models and constructed a multi-dimensional factor indicator system. At the same time, the panel regression model was established by using unit root test, Hausman test and precision test. Through benchmark regression and heterogeneity analysis, the impact of urban-rural development factors on economic growth was discussed. The results showed that the panel model passed all tests, and its regression error was stable below 5 %. Transportation, technology, and the three major industries can all promote positive economic growth, with a significance of 1 %. The three industries' contribution to economic growth ranks the third, second and first industries in order. In addition, the good ecological environment contributes to the benign economic growth during the study period. A 1 % increase in forest cover would drive economic growth by 0.215 %. But the impact of public's attention on the overall economy was an indirect effect manifested through its physical industries.The regional heterogeneity indicated that each element had different effects on economic development in eastern, central and western regions. Based on its results, this paper proposed suggestions for each region. In addition, this study found that the Internet attention reflected by big data did not directly drive economic growth, but affected economic growth through indirect channels such as information flow and resource allocation of real industries. This study provided data support for the existing theoretical review, and provided policy reference for the rational planning and industrial layout of China's regional economy.

Plan evaluation for heat resilience: complementary methods to comprehensively assess heat planning in Tempe and Tucson, Arizona

Abstract Escalating impacts from climate change and urban heat are increasing the urgency for communities to equitably plan for heat resilience. Cities in the desert Southwest are among the hottest and fastest warming in the U.S., placing them on the front lines of heat planning. Urban heat resilience requires an integrated planning approach that coordinates strategies across the network of plans that shape the built environment and risk patterns. To date, few studies have assessed cities’ progress on heat planning. This research is the first to combine two emerging plan evaluation approaches to examine how networks of plans shape urban heat resilience through case studies of Tempe and Tucson, Arizona. The first methodology, Plan Quality Evaluation for Heat Resilience, adapts existing plan quality assessment approaches to heat. We assess whether plans meet 56 criteria across seven principles of high-quality planning and the types of heat strategies included in the plans. The second methodology, the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard™ (PIRS™) for Heat, focuses on plan policies that could influence urban heat hazards. We categorize policies by policy tool and heat mitigation strategy and score them based on their heat impact. Scored policies are then mapped to evaluate their spatial distribution and the net effect of the plan network. The resulting PIRS™ for Heat scorecard is compared with heat vulnerability indicators to assess policy alignment with risks. We find that both cities are proactively planning for heat resilience using similar plan and strategy types, however, there are clear and consistent opportunities for improvement. Combining these complementary plan evaluation methods provides a more comprehensive understanding of how plans address heat and a generalizable approach that communities everywhere could use to identify opportunities for improved heat resilience planning.