Model Of Photovoltaic Panel Research Articles

Complete parasitic capacitance model of photovoltaic panel considering the rain water

Common mode current suppression is important to grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems and depends strongly on the value of the parasitic capacitance between the PV panel and the ground. Some parasitic capacitance models have been proposed to evaluate the magnitude of the effective parasitic capacitance. However, the proposed model is only for the PV panels under dry and clean environmental conditions. The dependence of rain water on the capacitance is simply described rather than analyzing in detail. Furthermore, the effects of water are addressed quite differently in papers. Thus, this paper gives complete parasitic capacitance model of the PV panel considering the rain water. The effect of the water on the capacitance is systematically investigated through 3D finite element (FE) electromagnetic (EM) simulations and experiments. Accordingly, it is clarified how the water affects the parasitic capacitance and methods of minimization of the capacitance are proposed.

Real-Time Thermoelectrical Model of PV Panels for Degradation Assessment

In this paper, we develop a new real-time thermoelectrical model of a photovoltaic (PV) panel that takes degradations into consideration. The degradation modes under study are the potential-induced degradation, the light-induced degradation, the ultraviolet light degradation, the moisture-induced degradation, and the cell cracks. The effect of each degradation mode on the equivalent circuit of PV cells is described by equations as a function of environmental conditions and time. The thermal behavior of the PV panels is also addressed by building a thermal model of PV panels taking into consideration the environmental and operational conditions as well as the internal heat sources. At the end, we present a complete thermoelectrical model that treats the degradations as additional events. To assess the degradation impact on the cells, the normalized efficiency is taken as the key performance index.

Analysis of the optimum tilt angle for a soiled PV panel

A new model of the optimum tilt angle of a soiled photovoltaic (PV) panel is proposed in this paper. The tilt angle is a key factor that influences the output power of PV panel, while dust deposition is an inevitable external element to be considered. In this paper, the solar radiation model is studied by analysing the Hay, Davies, Klucher, Reindl (HDKR) model. The cell temperature of a PV panel is also investigated to evaluate the power output. A fitting formula is derived to express the relationship between the dust deposition density and the tilt angle, and it is integrated in the output model of a fixed-type PV panel. Besides, the effect of dust deposition on the transmittance is analysed. An inverse correlation between the dust deposition density and tilt angle can be obtained, and the optimum tilt angle is calculated to maximize the power output of a soiled PV panel. Simulation is conducted by Matlab to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model of the optimum tilt angle with the shielding effect by dust. Furthermore, the relationship between dust deposition and the working temperature of PV panel is investigated by indoor experiments.

Modeling of Photovoltaic Panel by using Proteus

This paper focuses on a Proteus Spice model of the photovoltaic Panel. This model is based on a mathematical equation which is got from the equivalent circuit of the photovoltaic Panel; it includes a photocurrent source, a diode, a series resistor and a shunt resistor. Next, this model is validated by comparing its data with the experimental data. In addition, since Proteus provides in its library different microcontrollers and electronic boards , this model is connected to the Arduino UNO Board through the voltage and current sensors, that in order to acquire and supervise the photovoltaic voltage, current and power. And for experimental validation, a prototype using real components has been developed.

Weather dependent mathematical model of photovoltaic panels

Weather dependent mathematical model of photovoltaic panels

One‐step MPPT method based on five‐parameter model of PV panel

Traditionally, maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) methods are independent of the mathematical model and require multi-step adjusting of the inverter, resulting in multiple disturbances of the photovoltaic (PV) system. Actually, the PV cell has a definite U – I curve at a certain degree of illuminance and temperature, which can be described in a mathematical model. This study proposes a one-step MPPT method based on five-parameter model. Utilising voltage and current measurements, the DC/DC inverter of each PV panel obtains equations for five parameters and solves them via Newton iteration method. According to P – U curve, the derivative of P to U is zero. Thus, an implicit equation of the maximum power can be given along with a constraint. Considering the bimodal characteristics of P – U curve under cloud shade condition, the constraint prevents the result to converge to the low peak point. Then the DC/DC inverter can adjust the PV system to MPP by one step. Furthermore, since the five parameters vary at different illuminance and temperature, the database can be established based on the correspondence between condition and parameters, which can give back to DC/DC inverter to improve the tracking efficiency.

Identification of thermal parameters of a solar photovoltaic panel in three-dimensional using finite element approach

The focus of this study is to develop a computer program that simulates the thermal performance of photovoltaic (PV) panel. A detailed thermal model of a solar PV panel in three-dimensional using finite element approaches is established to determine the thermal parameters. The PV cell, glass, and tedlar temperatures are predicted. The influence of air velocity, solar flux, and ambient temperature are investigated. Simulation results indicate that whatever the value of air temperature and solar irradiance, the solar cell component has a high temperature. The obtained results also show that the PV panel temperature increases when the solar flux and the ambient temperature increases, consequently, the panel efficiency decreases. Finally, it is found that the highest value of wind speed causes the cooling of solar cells leading to the decrease of the PV panel temperature.

Temperature Distribution of Three-Dimensional Photovoltaic Panel by Using Finite Element Simulation

The low electricity performance of a photovoltaic (PV) panel has been concerned in the PV application system. The effect of environmental and operating condition was affected the performance of the PV panel. In this research work, the main objective is to perform a three-dimensional geometry model of monocrystalline silicon PV panel with and without cooling system by using finite element method. In the case of a cooling system, the effect of the Direct Current (DC) fan flow rate on the temperature distribution of PV panel was investigated. The electrical behaviour of this PV panel is obtained based on the average temperature of the PV panel obtained and average solar irradiance from site location. According to the experimental results, PV panel with cooling system can be significant to provide better performance than the PV panel without cooling system in the same environmental condition. For the effect of flow rate of DC fan in the PV panel with cooling system, the performance of this PV panel has been improved as increasing in flow rate of DC fan.

Investigation of the Effect Temperature on Photovoltaic (PV) Panel Output Performance

The main limit of PV systems is the low conversion efficiency of PV panels, which is strongly influenced by their operating temperature. Lack of accuracy in consideration through PV panel temperature increases the financial risk of system installation. This present study investigates the effects of operating temperature on monocrystalline PV panel at Perlis, Malaysia. A selected model of PV panel firstly was simulated using PVSYST software in order to evaluate its output performance. Meanwhile, PROVA 200 used to measure and record all electrical data for outdoor experimental during the sunniest day. Besides, the thermal distribution was analysed through PV panel temperatures and thermal imaging. Simulation results implied that the output power of PV panel decreases with increasing of its working temperature followed by the efficiency. The experimental results obviously show that the STC parameters do not represent the real operating conditions of PV panel for outdoor conditions. Less output power was produced affected by the atmospheric factors such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. These both factors strongly affected the PV panel temperature distribution. In short, the elevating of PV panel temperature contributed to the negative impact on output performance of the panel.

Universal Transistor-based hardware SIMulator for real time simulation of photovoltaic generators

Photovoltaic (PV) simulators are fundamental tools for the operational evaluation of PV energy production system components (e.g. battery chargers, DC/AC inverters, etc.), in order to avoid time-consuming and expensive field-testing process. A universal Transistor-based hardware SIMulator of photovoltaic panels or a generator in operation, named TSIM, is presented in this paper. TSIM was developed for accurate reproduction of the electrical behavior of photovoltaic (PV) systems made of various types of panels considering possible uniform or partially illumination, the last one being due or not to shadows. TSIM is dedicated for simulation and to perform various tests of a complete PV installation under various operating and environmental conditions. It is useful for power electronics designers and researchers who need an efficient and straightforward way to model and simulate photovoltaic arrays. In this contribution, software simulation results obtained under OrcCAD environment validate the original transistor-based model of PV panels. TSIM hardware prototype is then described, experimented and tested. For validation and illustration, in the experimental part of this work, TSIM prototype was sized for the hardware simulation of a marketed panel of 175W-peak power constituted by three strings of cells. TSIM performances and efficiency were validated by comparison of the characterizations of the panel behavior in actual experimental conditions and the simulation results obtained by TSIM under various illumination and input powers. TSIM faithfully reproduces the I–V characteristics of the panel for various configurations of shadowing.

Modelling characteristics of photovoltaic panels with thermal phenomena taken into account

In the paper a new form of the electrothermal model of photovoltaic panels is proposed. This model takes into account the optical, electrical and thermal properties of the considered panels, as well as electrical and thermal properties of the protecting circuit and thermal inertia of the considered panels. The form of this model is described and some results of measurements and calculations of mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline panels are presented.

Reliability Oriented Design Tool For the New Generation of Grid Connected PV-Inverters

This paper introduces a reliability-oriented design tool for a new generation of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The proposed design tool consists of a real field mission profile (RFMP) model (for two operating regions: USA and Denmark), a PV panel model, a grid-connected PV inverter model, an electrothermal model, and the lifetime model of the power semiconductor devices. An accurate long-term simulation model able to consider the one-year RFMP (solar irradiance and ambient temperature) is developed. Thus, the one-year estimation of the converter device thermal loading distribution is achieved and is further used as an input to the lifetime model. The proposed reliability-oriented design tool is used to study the impact of mission profile (MP) variation and device degradation (aging) in the PV inverter lifetime. The obtained results indicate that the MP of the field where the PV inverter is operating has an important impact (up to 70%) on the converter lifetime expectation, and it should be considered in the design stage to better optimize the converter design margin. In order to have correct lifetime estimation, it is crucial to consider also the device degradation feedback (in the simulation model), which has an impact of 20-30% on the precision of the lifetime estimation for the studied case.

Simple Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Panels to Supply Power for Sensor Nodes

This paper introduces the simple method of the mathematical modeling and simulation of current-voltage characteristics for photovoltaic panel. The aim of this modeling is to simply the nonlinear I-V model of photovoltaic panel to easily apply the model to the circuit simulators such as SPICE. So this paper is finding the parameters for the nonlinear I-V equations based on only the data such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, voltage and current at Maximum power point and temperature coefficient for voltage and current at the nominal condition or the standard test condition which are obtained from manufacturer’s datasheet. The model in this paper is simple and has no iteration process during parameter calculation, which makes model complex and time consuming. This model can be suitable and powerful tools for circuit simulator and the modeling and simulation of the MPP tracker including solar panel.

Design and control of an advanced PV inverter

In this paper the design and the control of an advanced PV (Photovoltaic) inverter is discussed. The input power stage consists of a dc–dc converter based on coupled-inductors boost topology. This circuital configuration guarantees the high voltage amplification needed in grid-connected PV applications. The second power stage is a three-phase inverter operated in order to exploit the functionality of a two legs configuration. The operation principle of the proposed circuit is analyzed and a proper PV panel model is used. The adopted control strategy is based upon sliding control technique in order to exploit its well-known properties of robustness. Furthermore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) approach based on the extremum seeking scheme has been employed for fast tracking the irradiation changes by performing an adaptive sliding surface. Moreover, a great attention has been devoted to the control of the inverter in order to obtain power factor correction, effective reduction of both unbalances and waveforms distortion. Finally, the numerical results reported in the paper permit to confirm the feasibility of the proposed design and control strategy.

Generalised model of a photovoltaic panel

The modelling of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels requires electrical parameters which are dependent on the manufacturing materials and their physical properties. Manufacturers typically do not disclose detailed physical properties of the PV module, except for some electrical quantities such as open circuit voltage (V oc), short-circuit current (I sc), maximum power point voltage (V m), maximum power point current (I m) and maximum power (P M). However, to model the PV panels comprehensively, it is necessary to determine other physical parameters, e.g., series resistance of PV cell (R s), shunt resistance of PV cell (R Sh) and diode ideality factor (n). This paper presents a generalised mathematical model of a PV panel utilising only the quantities provided in manufacturer's datasheet. The proposed modelling technique determines all the PV panel parameters without any explicit repetitive iteration. Although the developed model is general and can be implemented on any software platform, its implementation is demonstrated on a commercial electromagnetic transients simulation software electro magnetic transient including direct current power systems computer aided design. The electrical parameters obtained from the proposed PV panel model are validated for six different commercially available PV panels from their datasheet values and also from measurements provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology for solar irradiation and temperature at nonstandard test conditions.

High performing extraction procedure for the one-diode model of a photovoltaic panel from experimental I–V curves by using reduced forms

In the last years, several numerical techniques were proposed in literature for the identification of the one diode model of photovoltaic (PV) panels from manufacturers’ data sheets or experimental data. In this paper we present a fast and accurate method for obtaining the five parameters of the one diode model by starting from the experimental I–V curve of the PV panel. In particular we exploit the adoption of the reduced forms of the original five-parameter model. These reduced forms take advantage of important mathematical considerations through which the five parameters of the model are splitted in independent and dependent unknowns, in order to reduce the dimensions of the search space. Thus, the fitting of experimental data can be performed by using a restricted number of unknowns (namely two) and this provides strong benefits in terms of convergence, computational costs and execution times. In this way, the approach allows to characterize a PV panel from its measured I–V curve with an accuracy never obtained before in literature, employing few steps and execution times of few milliseconds on a simple notebook computer. Suitable validations on two important case studies are presented for comparing our procedure with the most recent and effective techniques proposed in literature.

An Improved Model-Based Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Panels

It is well known that in a photovoltaic (PV) plant, the modules are connected to switch-mode power converters to enhance the power output in every environmental condition. This task is performed by the maximum power point tracker (MPPT), which provides a current or voltage reference to the converter. Traditional perturb and observe or incremental conductance algorithms are not efficient in rapidly changing conditions, whereas a model-based (MB) MPPT offers a better dynamic performance. Because it is relatively easy to obtain an accurate model of a single PV panel, thus predicting the maximum power point voltage for given environmental conditions, MB MPPTs seemed to be attractive for employing in module integrated converters. Conventional MB MPPT algorithms, however, usually require an expensive pyranometer to properly operate. In this paper, starting from a new set of equations modeling a PV module, a novel MB MPPT technique, which does not require the direct measurement of the solar radiation, is proposed and experimentally validated.

Very Fast and Accurate Procedure for the Characterization of Photovoltaic Panels from Datasheet Information

In recent years several numerical methods have been proposed to identify the five-parameter model of photovoltaic panels from manufacturer datasheets also by introducing simplification or approximation techniques. In this paper we present a fast and accurate procedure for obtaining the parameters of the five-parameter model by starting from its reduced form. The procedure allows characterizing, in few seconds, thousands of photovoltaic panels present on the standard databases. It introduces and takes advantage of further important mathematical considerations without any model simplifications or data approximations. In particular the five parameters are divided in two groups, independent and dependent parameters, in order to reduce the dimensions of the search space. The partitioning of the parameters provides a strong advantage in terms of convergence, computational costs, and execution time of the present approach. Validations on thousands of photovoltaic panels are presented that show how it is possible to make easy and efficient the extraction process of the five parameters, without taking care of choosing a specific solver algorithm but simply by using any deterministic optimization/minimization technique.

Adjustment and validation of a 25 kW photovoltaic system Matlab/Simulink model

Distributed generation is one of the ways forward for the development of renewable energy. Electrical and thermal microgrids are being widely investigated and begin to be implemented. Therefore, if microgrids are developed with careful design and intelligent operation, they could be the solution to the many challenges presented by today's electric network. (Electrical losses in the power grid, power quality and power supply to remote areas, for instance). Owing to this reason, CENER (National Renewable Energy Centre of Spain) has installed a microgrid (ATENEA) located in the industrial area of ​​Rocaforte (Town of Sanguesa, Navarra, Spain). The aim of the facility is the control strategy testing as well as being a test bench for the different generation and storage technologies.Developing a simulation platform where the entire components belonging to the microgrid are modeled is one of the present purposes. Firstly, models have to be elaborated in Matlab-Simulink. Secondly, the measurement executed in the different systems, will help the models in order to be validated. The final goal is that the models could behave in the same way as the systems behave in the reality. The purpose of this article is developing the model belonging to the photovoltaic system using the software mentioned. The model consists of the following parts: model of photovoltaic panels and maximum power tracking algorithm (MPPT). This article discusses the theoretical basis used for the realization of models, trials for subsequent validation and obtaining system characteristic parameters. Keywords photovoltaic model, Matlab-Simulink, microgrid, simulation platform.

Parameter Estimation in Modeling of Photovoltaic Panels Based on Datasheet Values

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources in recent years has triggered technological advancements in photovoltaic (PV) panels. Widespread use of large-scale PV units has revealed the sensitivity in PV panel modeling needed to estimate the amount of energy produced in different environmental conditions. For the formation of a PV panel model, parameters should be obtained by numerically solving characteristic equations of a transcendental nature. This study preferred using the Newton Raphson (NR) method owing to the suitability of equation structure. It is crucial that numerical solution starts with proper initial values. This study proposes a new approach to identifying initial values in order to decrease calculation time and increase the speed of numerical convergence. The proposed method was used in parameter estimation for different panel models. And, it was observed that owing to this method, the system converged with less iteration and the problem of failing to solve the system because of inappropriate initial values were eliminated. Convergence was obtained and the solution needed less iteration in all models.