Model Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Research Articles

PMSMのための簡易高品質トルク制御

This paper proposes a new and simple torque-sensorless torque control method for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with nonsinusoidal Back EMF. The method suppresses the sixth and/or 12th harmonic torque ripples caused by the back EMF in a feedforward manner even at high speeds; it consists of two subordinate methods for compensation command generation and command-tracking current control. The first subordinate method generates compensation current commands to cancel the torque ripples based on a mathematical model of PMSMs. The second controls the stator current to track a current command containing both fundamental and compensatory components. In conjunction with the current control, a dedicated disturbance observer that employs a digital speed-varying band-pass filter as a disturbance filter is also proposed. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method were verified through extensive experiments.

Adaptive Chaos Synchronization Control of Nonlinear PMSM System Using Extended State Observer

This paper proposes an adaptive chaos synchronization control scheme for nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems by using extended state observer (ESO). Frist of all, a chaotic PMSM system is built through an affine transformation and a time scale transformation of the mathematical PMSM model. Then, an adaptive sliding mode controller is developed based on the extended state observer to achieve the synchronization performance of two chaotic PMSM systems. Moreover, an adaptive parameter law of the control gain is designed to reduce the chattering problem existing in the traditional sliding mode control. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.

The online parameter identification of chaotic behaviour in permanent magnet synchronous motor by Self-Adaptive Learning Bat-inspired algorithm

Abstract One of the main issues in engineering is the identification of nonlinear systems. Because of the complicated as well as unexpected behaviours of these chaotic systems, it is introduced as special nonlinear systems. A minute change in the primary conditions of such systems would lead to significant variations in their behaviours. On the other hand, due to simple structure of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) and its high applications in industry, the use of this machine is dramatically increasing these days. The reflection of a chaotic behaviour as the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor is positioned in a particular area. In the model of PMSM, the exact parameters of the system are required to properly control and spot the error. In this paper, Self-Adaptive Learning Bat-inspired Optimization algorithm is used for solving both offline and online parameter estimation problems for this chaotic system. In addition, noise is considered as one of influential factors in control of PMSM. According to simulation results, it can be claimed that the proposed algorithm is a very powerful algorithm for online parameter identification for PMSM.

Improved dq-Axes Model of PMSM Considering Airgap Flux Harmonics and Saturation

In this paper, the classical linear model of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is modified by adding d- and q-axis harmonic inductances so that the modified model can consider nonlinearities present in an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor. Furthermore, a method has been presented to assess the effect of saturation and cross-saturation on constant torque curves of a PMSM. Two IPM motors with two different rotor topologies and different specifications are designed to evaluate the effect of saturation on synchronous and harmonic inductances and on the operating points of the machines.

Robust Backstepping Tracking Controller for Low-Speed PMSM Positioning System: Design, Analysis, and Implementation

This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of a robust position backstepping tracking controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The information on the angular position and velocity, provided by a classical resolver-to-digital converter, additionally employs a phase lock loop (PLL) circuit. A backstepping control law is designed from the input–output linearization of the PMSM model, written in $d$ – $q$ coordinates. This controller is adapted via the online estimation of the unknown load torque and friction effects. A linear extended state observer is devised for this purpose, thus ensuring high closed-loop performance of the motor trajectory tracking task. An input-state stability analysis of the entire system is also provided. Cosimulation via the MATLAB/Simulink-PSIM package, including realistic measurement disturbances, is used to investigate the stability and accuracy of the proposed control algorithm. Experimental results are provided.

Design and Implementation of a Microprocessor-Based PI Controller for PMSM Drives

This work presents a hardware implementation of a simple microprocessor; then uses this microprocessor to design a PI controller for PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) drives. In this paper, firstly, the mathematical model of PMSM drives is illustrated. Secondly, the architecture of a simple microprocessor based on RTL (Register Transfer Level) method is proposed and the VHDL (Very high speed IC Hardware Description Language) is adopted to describe the behavior of the simple microprocessor. Thirdly, a machine code of PI controller based on the proposed simple microprocessor is designed. Finally, a co-simulation by Simulink/ModelSim is applied and verified the performance of the microprocessor-based PI controller.

Chaotic behavior and circuit implementation of a fractional-order permanent magnet synchronous motor model

A fractional-order permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) model is proposed and analyzed by phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents and Poincaré maps in this paper. Numerical simulations show that the proposed PMSM model with fractional integral of order α∈[0.94,1] is chaotic on the condition of great changes of parameter. Further, through a transfer function approximation of fractional-order operator, an experimental circuit composed of resistors, capacitors, operational amplifiers and analog multipliers is presented to realize the fractional-order PMSM model, and whose chaotic behavior is also recorded by a digital oscilloscope in experiment.

Four-Axis Vector-Controlled Dual-Rotor PMSM for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) offer the merits of higher efficiency, higher torque density, and inherent electric differential (ED). This paper proposes a novel four-axis vector-controlled dual-rotor PMSM drive for driving plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). A four-axis d-q model of the dual-rotor PMSM is developed with the proposed three-phase to four-phase transformation. This transformation separately resolves the stator variables to the d-q-axes of the inner and outer rotor. Instead of applying back electromotive forces and rotor power angles, the d-axis fluxes are used for computing the displacement between the two d-q-axes, which is essential for the transformation. The proposed four-axis vector control of dual-rotor PMSM allows for the independent control of stator quantities corresponding to the inner and outer rotors. This facilitates ED and better control under parametric differences, such as rotor inertia and permanent magnet flux for the inner and outer rotors. The comparison of the dual-rotor PMSM-based PEV operation with the proposed control and two earlier reported schemes reveals that the proposed scheme offers effective ED without the loss of vehicle control. Furthermore, the proposed configuration is validated with different drive cycles, including the loss modeling, sensitivity analysis, and efficiency mapping.

Design of permanent magnet synchronous motors including thermal aspects

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to include thermal analysis in the design process of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The additional objective is a comparison of PMSM with induction motor (IM) in terms of thermal phenomena. Design/methodology/approach – Numerical investigation using commercial software MotorSolve was performed. Parameterized models of PMSM and IM were used. Calculations of motor parameters and temperature distribution were made using Finite Element Method. Findings – The results of the calculations show that thermal calculations should be included in the design process because the maximum permissible operating temperature of permanent magnets should not be exceeded. A comparative analysis of PMSM and IM shows that the PMSM has better parameters than the IM which was used as a base of the PMSM construction. Research limitations/implications – Computational models should be verified experimentally on a physical model or by using more complex numerical models. In the case of IM thermal calculations, a method of air speed calculation should be proposed. Air speed is a parameter that is necessary in thermal analysis of IM, but during the design process it is unknown. Originality/value – This paper presents modelling methodology of 3D transient thermal field coupled with electromagnetic field applied in a three-phase IM at rated load conditions. This paper presents a design strategy which includes thermal analysis of the designed PMSM. Moreover, the paper shows a comparison between PMSM and IM indicating advantages of PMSM over IM.

Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Circuit Based on IPM

High performance servo system is the basis of fast tracking and precision measurement of laser tracker, and drive circuit is the hardware guarantee of the control algorithm in the system. This paper is concerned with the designed drive circuit of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). First, control system model of PMSM is introduced, as well as the PM10CSJ060 Intelligent Power Module (IPM) working principle. Then the drive circuit based on IPM is designed and applied in servo system. Experimental results show that the drive circuit is reliable and stable, with strong anti-interference function, can meet the performance requirements of laser trackers.

An Accurate Mathematic Model for PMSM by Taking Total Losses and Saturation into Account

An accurate mathematic model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is necessary for precise torque control and/or high efficiency drive control. This paper discusses the development model of PMSM by taking all losses and saturation into account. In the proposed model, all losses composing of the copper loss, core loss, mechanical loss and stray loss were analyzed to improve the torque equation. In addition, considering the influence of saturation level, the variations of the core loss resistance, direct-quadrature axis magnetic inductance and permanent magnet flux were discussed on support of the data analyzed by Ansoft. In order to verify the developed model, a start up simulation is performed in the mode of open-loop and the results confirm the validity of the model.

Nonlinear time-frequency control of PM synchronous motor instability applicable to electric vehicle application

Of the many technologies being explored to address sustainability and environmental issues, electric cars are considered to be the most promising alternative to vehicles powered by IC engines. This paper studies the instability control of electric vehicles propelled by permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The nonlinear characteristics of a surface-mounted PMSM model are studied under three different assumed driving conditions. To mitigate undesirable dynamic instabilities including hyperchaotic responses that are frequented at low and high speeds, so as to extend the operating range of the PMSM system, a novel control scheme that exerts simultaneous control in both the time and frequency domains is developed and subsequently validated. The control approach has its foundation established in discrete wavelet transformation and adaptive control. Its physical implementation consists of an adaptive controller and an adaptive filter both implemented in the wavelet domain. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller design in restoring PMSM instability with low-amplitude limit-cycle in response to a properly specified reference signal.

The Research on Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor Vector Control Based on MRAS

The precise speed and torque controls of Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Motor (PMSM) are usually realized by using speed or position sensor. However, the mounting of speed or position sensor requires an additional space. The cost of motor drive system with speed or position sensor is high, the reliability is low and is difficult to maintain. This paper presents one novel control strategy for PMSM sensorless vector control based on model reference adaption system(MRAS). This control strategy doesn’t need any speed or position sensor and can estimate the rotor speed with a few parameters. In this paper, PMSM itself is selected as reference model, and the mathematical model of PMSM which includes estimated parameter is regarded as adjustable model. The output error of these two models is used to drive the adaption mechanism and the estimated speed is obtained. The simulation results verify the proposed control strategy is effective, it has excellent dynamic and stable responses, the estimated speed precision is high and the system is robust.

Parameter Estimation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Orthogonal Projection and Recursive Least Squares Combinatorial Algorithm

This paper presents parameter estimation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) using a combinatorial algorithm. Nonlinear fourth-order space state model of PMSM is selected. This model is rewritten to the linear regression form without linearization. Noise is imposed to the system in order to provide a real condition, and then combinatorial Orthogonal Projection Algorithm and Recursive Least Squares (OPA&RLS) method is applied in the linear regression form to the system. Results of this method are compared to the Orthogonal Projection Algorithm (OPA) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) methods to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. Simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

Research on Control Strategies of PMSM in Electric State for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper mainly focuses on the analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and its control system, based on the mathematical model of PMSM, a subsection control strategy is designed for PMSM in electric state, which is a combination of id = 0 control and weak magnetic control, in order to get a large speed range and get higher out- put power in the constant power region. The experiment platform of control system is built, the closed-loop control of the driving system for 2.5kw PMSM is realization, load control experiments that run below the base speed and no-load weak magnetic operation experiments that run above the base speed are carried out, phase current waveforms and weak magnet- ic control waveforms verify that the control strategy in this paper is correct and could achieve the desired control objec- tives.

Analysis and Application of Quadratic Linearization to the Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The introduction of state equation model of the electrical machine based on direct and quadrature axes variables has paved the way for powerful control theories to be brought to bear on the problem of control of electric machines. Exact linearization has been applied to the control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this paper, application of approximate linearization is proposed for the control of PMSM. Since the PMSM model is essentially quadratic, quadratic linearization is considered for the application. Conditions on the coordinate transformation and state feedback are derived for the linearization of a four dimensional permanent magnet (PM) machine model. The proposed linearization technique does not introduce singularities in the system as in the case of exact linearization. Also, to account for higher order nonlinearities including unmodelled dynamics, the linear zing transformations are adaptively tuned. Simulation studies verify the theoretical results presented. Hardware/software implementation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the linearization technique proposed. The linearization technique proposed can also be applied to other types of electrical motors.

Parameter-Dependent Relay Control: Application to PMSM

This brief presents a novel relay control design strategy for some classes of nonlinear systems. The main idea of this brief is to use a linear parameter-varying (LPV) modeling to design nonlinear switching surfaces. This modeling is motivated by the fact that numerical tools, such as linear matrix inequality (LMI), may be used by exploiting the quasi-linear structure of the system. Here, we propose an LMI formulation providing criteria for the design of switching surfaces. This design is seen as the synthesis of parameter-dependent relay. The second contribution of this brief is the implementation of this relay strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Since the LPV framework can encompass the PMSM model, the obtained relay control depends on the motor speed variations. Experimental results on a PMSM are presented.

Dual Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Fed by a Five-Leg Inverter System Using Maximun Torque per Ampere

In this paper, a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is adopted in a dual three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) system with a five-leg inverter. The simulation model is established in Matlab/Simulink based on the mathematics model of PMSM and the current control method. And the simulation results of the proposed current control strategy are compared with those ofid=0 method in order to verify the performances and characteristics of MTPA control stategy.

Torque Ripple Minimization of Matrix Converter-Fed PMSM Drives Using Advanced Direct Torque Control

An advanced direct torque control (DTC) technique using Model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for matrix converter (MC)-based permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, which reduces the torque ripples, does not need the duty cycle calculation, and ensures the fixed switching frequency. Analytical expressions of change rates of torque and flux of PMSM as a function of MC – dqo components are derived. The predictive model of PMSM and MC is realized by means of State model. Then, the advanced MC-fed DTC algorithm is implemented based on Cost function evaluation. The simulation results exhibit remarkable torque ripple reduction with the help of MPC. As a result, the proposed strategy is proved to be effective in minimizing the torque ripples for MC-based PMSM drives.

Improved PMSM model considering flux characteristics for model predictive‐based current control

Model predictive‐based current control, which was proposed in our previous study, offers better current response performance by employing mathematical models of an inverter and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The performance of this kind of approach depends on the predictive model. From a more practical point of view, current behavior in the steady state should be improved. In our previous model predictive‐based current control, the inverter model was refined by taking the dead‐time into consideration. The use of the refined inverter model reduces the current offset in the control. However, the PMSM model was not investigated.This paper proposes a more appropriate PMSM model for model predictive‐based current control in order to improve the current prediction in the steady state. For the purpose, we incorporate more detailed magnetic flux characteristics instead of average characteristics into the improved PMSM model. Specifically, in the improved PMSM model, the inductance of the PMSM is divided into transient and steady‐state parts on the basis of magnetic saturation. The effectiveness of the improved model in the model predictive‐based current control is demonstrated through simulations and experiments. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.