Information System Model Research Articles

Sustainable solar energy development in Zakho, Iraq: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

This study presents a solar energy roadmap aimed at attracting investors to capitalize on the abundant solar resources in Zakho, Iraq, for clean energy technology. The objective is to mitigate global warming effects caused by fossil fuel combustion and promote sustainable technological development. To end this, the study employs RETScreen Expert software to validate the techno-economic and environmental viability of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system utilizing climatic data from the Astronaut Office Information System (NASA) Database. Additionally, the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) modeling method determines optimal angles for installing residential rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) systems across selected locations. Results indicate that all selected locations are suitable for solar photovoltaic projects, with Rezgari identified as the optimal district due to its highest annual solar radiation of 1863.117 kWh/m2 and the highest annual electricity production at 7905.38 kWh. The capacity factor (CF) values fall within the range of 17.395-17.574%. The study reveals an annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction ranging from 6.9876 to 7.1123 (tCO2) across four districts. Considering the financial and environmental indicators, Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems emerge as a sustainable and efficient solution to enhance the environment and prove economically viable in Zakho City.

Open Science News Informing System for Scientific Libraries

The purpose of the study is to theoretically and practically substantiate the need to introduce an online news information system into library practice as part of the information support of scientific activities (on the example of Open Science). The work theoretically substantiates that improving the news information system in libraries is necessary in connection with the development of technology, open science, library activities and the rapid growth of disparate sources of information. The experience analysis of 130 libraries in presenting various news information products has led to the conclusion that the implementation of news information requires appropriate technology that would allow us to model the sequence of processes and operations for generating news library and information products.As a result the model of a news information system on open science is developed, which allows searching, collecting, processing, and synthesizing news information on open science, as well as creating, posting and distributing information products, their qualitative and quantitative assessment of effectiveness to be made. It has been implemented on the web platform of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the Siberian Branch of RAS “Library for Open Science” in January 2023 and demonstrates a gradual increase in the number of all web analytical indicators of news information products created on its basis.

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS and Bivariate Statistical Models in Chemoga Watershed, Ethiopia

This study aimed to map the landslide susceptibility in the Chemoga watershed, Ethiopia, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and bivariate statistical models. Based on Google earth imagery and field survey, about 169 landslide locations were identified and classified randomly into training datasets (70%) and test datasets (30%). Eleven landslides conditioning factors, including slope, elevation, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index, normalized difference vegetation index, road, river, land use, rainfall, and lithology were integrated with training landslides to determine the weights of each factor and factor classes using both frequency ratio (FR) and information value (IV) models. The final landslide susceptibility map was classified into five classes: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results of area under the curve (AUC) accuracy models showed that the success rates of the FR and IV models were 87.00% and 90.10%, while the prediction rates were 88.00% and 92.30%, respectively. This type of study will be very useful to the local government for future planning and decision on landslide mitigation plans.

A novel socio-techno-environmental GIS approach to assess the contribution of ground-mounted photovoltaics to achieve climate neutrality in Germany

The German government’s goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2045 and increasing the use of renewable energy, particularly wind and solar power, has public support. However, the local siting of wind and solar farms is highly controversial due to land-use conflicts. We have developed a comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) model that integrates criteria from the literature to identify optimal locations for ground-mounted photovoltaic (GM-PV). The model is based on a holistic approach considering energy-related factors and broader environmental and climate aspects. The unique feature of the model is its integration of socio-technical and environmental criteria, including a novel approach to achieving a dual land-use climate benefit by protecting erosion-prone soils and conserving soil carbon in areas prone to organic matter decomposition and associated CO2 release. Our multi-criteria GM-PV model includes 12 restrictions and five suitability criteria representing key socio-technical, economic and environmental aspects. Scenario analysis highlights the sensitivity of Germany’s GM-PV potential to defined criteria. In Scenario 1, with minimal constraint, 14.2 % of Germany’s land is available for GM-PV, decreasing to 1.9 % in the highly constrained Scenario 12. Suitable areas (>10 ha) account for 0.4 % of Germany’s land area, which could cover 8.1 % of Germany’s electricity consumption in 2045 in the highly restricted scenario. The spatial distribution results show that the innovative approach of the model changes the preference of GM-PV locations based on factors such as solar radiation in the south and soil carbon storage in the north of Germany. The application of restriction and suitability criteria significantly reduces the potential for GM-PV in Germany but also potential pitfalls for decision-makers. The GIS model can be applied in regional context to integrate stakeholder values and generate region-specific scenarios, as criteria and thresholds can be easily adapted to regional characteristics, preferences, and concerns, including those related to agriculture, biodiversity, and social acceptance.

Navigating the security landscape of large language models in enterprise information systems

ABSTRACT In this letter, we present a comprehensive analysis of the security landscape surrounding large language models, leveraging a dataset from 2022 to 2023. We delve into the collaborative and global nature of this field, emphasizing the interdisciplinary approach required to address the evolving challenges. Prominent keywords like ‘language model,’ ‘cybersecurity,’ and ‘data privacy’ underscore central research themes. Beyond analysis, we introduce a cutting-edge deep CNN-based security framework, successfully tested with the KDDCup dataset, resulting in an impressive 94.73% accuracy on the testing dataset. As large language models continue to play a pivotal role in diverse applications, our research underscores the urgency of international cooperation and innovative security measures to ensure their responsible and secure usage in our interconnected world. This letter serves as a foundation for future research, driving the collective effort to safeguard large language models.

Agroforestry suitability evaluation using remote sensing in Jatiyoso Sub-district, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Negari SIT, Ningtyas SRA, Hanun Z, Sulton MN, Kusumaningrum L, Indrawan M, Sugiyarto, Sutomo, Setyawan AD. 2023. Agroforestry suitability evaluation using remote sensing in Jatiyoso Sub-district, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6761-6769. Agroforestry systems are critical for biodiversity conservation, land degradation mitigation, and climate change mitigation. This agroforestry approach reduces forest degradation, boosts food security, and gradually raises farmers' income. This study uses remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) modeling tools to analyze land potential and agroforestry status in Jatiyoso Sub-district, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. The data used in the analysis support data for soil fertility index, rainfall, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) satellite image data, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Modeling was done by integrating various thematic layers in the GIS domain. Weighting was also carried out in the analysis of land suitability. The mapping results in Jatiyoso Sub-district, Karanganyar District, showed that 18.1% (13.49 km2) had high potential as agroforestry areas, 54.9% (40.95 km2) had medium potential, and 27% (20.18 km2) had low potential. As a result, using remote sensing and GIS to determine suitable land for agroforestry could significantly impact the community, particularly farmers, landowners, and foresters, in the decision-making process for developing agroforestry systems and practices and estimating important productivity indicators. The most promising and appropriate agroforestry plants developed in Jatiyoso Sub-district are medicinal plants, but agricultural commodities like cloves, bananas, and vegetables are also present.

Spatial diffusion of public-private partnership (PPP) in China: A county-level analysis

This paper explores the spatial diffusion of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in China, assessing the effects of regional boundaries, including political and functional boundaries, and transaction costs on this process. We conduct an empirical analysis using county-level panel data from 2014 to 2020 and employ a combination of geographic information system (GIS) and spatial autoregressive models to analyze the spatial factors influencing PPP diffusion in China. Our findings reveal three key points: First, local governments' PPP investment positively correlates with neighboring regions, indicating a contagious effect. Second, the contagious effect is more significant within the same urban agglomeration, demonstrating a boundary effect and illustrating the impact of spatial rescaling on spatial diffusion. Third, the contagious effect is more pronounced for PPP sectors with lower output measurement difficulty, suggesting transaction costs influence spatial diffusion. These findings offer valuable insights into barriers to spatial diffusion and strategies to promote the spatial diffusion of innovation.

Integrated Operational System Enterprise Architec-ture Designing Using TOGAF-ADM Method Case Study at PT. XYZ (Construction Company)

XYZ is a construction company that belongs to the civil sector of construction, especially in the field of water management and waterwaste management in private and public projects. In its journey, PT XYZ continues to grow following the development of existing technology. However, in its development in the implementation of information systems, it turns out that some of the main processes at PT XYZ are still carried out manually. So that problems arise and disrupt the business processes of PT. XYZ. These problems include problems with data integration, communication and loss of information due to certain things. Especially in processes that are still done manually such as warehouse and project management. From this problem, an analysis will be made that will identify the problem in detail with company XYZ. So the idea of developing an integrated operational system emerged that would be built according to the Enterprise Architecture (EA) method. EA can be analogous to when building a building, a model, design and design of the building is needed. These things are needed as models and foundations for the design. Similar to the implementation of information systems, before its development, the basis and foundation of the design are needed in the form of information system models or architectures. In this research, the EA method that will be used is TOGAF-ADM. This method was chosen because TOGAF ADM is a complex method that can meet all EA development needs, so it is used based on organizational needs.

Geographical Information System Modeling for Planning Internal Transportation in a Manufacturing Plant’s Outdoor Area

A geographical information system (GIS) is an advanced tool for collecting, managing, and analyzing spatially-referenced data. The contribution of GIS use to process performance indicators can be improved by combining it with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Combining a GIS and MCDA is, in the scientific literature, rarely discussed for planning an internal transportation system in a manufacturing plant’s outdoor area. The purpose of this article is to clarify what mangers can expect from using a combined approach when deciding on a transport fleet and the operational routing of vehicles. Beside the simulation of MCDA, the computer software ArcGIS Pro 3.0.2 with the Network Analyst extension was used for modelling the transportation system in the form of a case study. The article demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of GIS and MCDA use and reveals the extent of the challenge of how decision makers could make the most of ArcGIS functionality. The final solution for an internal transportation system in a manufacturing plant’s outdoor area includes such a vehicle fleet and the set time windows of orders for transport services, so that there are no violations of time windows and the work is completed within the work shift while minimizing costs, time, and distance. Decision makers can use the program without advanced knowledge of optimization approaches, following a procedure that does not differ much from that of learning to use other business software tools. On the contrary, the listed disadvantages can be summarized as the rigidity of setting detailed boundary conditions for a specific simulation scenario.

Web-based platform to collect, share and manage technical data of historical systemic architectures: the Telegraphic Towers along the Madrid-Valencia path

Considering the variety of architectural Cultural Heritage typologies, systemic architectures require specific attention in the recovery process. The dimensions of "extension" and "recurrence" at geographic and technological levels affect the complexity of their knowledge process; they require systematic ways for their categorisation and comprehension to guarantee correct diagnosis and suitable rehabilitation. Recent applications involving Internet of Things (IoT) for the built Cultural Heritage have demonstrated the potentialities of three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) models and structured databases in supporting complex degrees of knowledge for technicians, as well as management for administrators. Starting from such experiences, the work presents the setting up of a web-based platform to support the knowledge and management of systemic architectures, considering the geographical distribution of fabrics, natural and anthropic boundary conditions, and technical and administrative details. The platform takes advantage of digital models, machine and deep learning procedures and relational databases, in a GIS-based environment, for the recognition and categorisation of prevalent physical and qualitative features of systemic architectures, the recognition and qualification of dominant and recurrent decays and the management of recovery activities in a semi-automatic way. Specifically, the main digital objects used for testing the applied techniques and setting up the platform are based on Red-Green-Blue (RGB) and mapped point clouds of the historical Telegraphic Towers located along the Madrid-Valencia path, resulting from the on-site investigations. Their choice is motivated by the high level of knowledge about the cases reached in the last years by the authors, allowing them to test rules within the decision support systems and innovative techniques for their decay mapping. As the experience has demonstrated, the systematisation of technical details and operative pipeline of methods and tools allow the normalisation and standardisation of the intervention selection process; this offers policymakers an innovative tool based on traditional procedures for conservation plans, coherent with a priority-based practice.

The impact of climate and land use changes on nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Luhun Lake Basin, China

Introduction: Water is an important ecological factor, and non-point source pollution (NPSP) seriously affects water security. In recent years, NPSP has affected water security and human survival in China.Methods: The Luhun Lake Basin has been selected as an example region of Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China, and the trends and impacts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) has been quantitatively evaluated by using geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and InVEST model.Results: The results show that (1) the arable land and water bodies decreased, while forest land, grass land, construction land and unutilized land increased in the 20 years. The average annual precipitation increased from the northeast to the southwest in the 20 years; (2) the N and P exports first increased in 2000–2010 and then decreased in 2010–2020, and finally increased in 2000–2020; (3) with the increase of precipitation, the N and P exports decreased in 2000–2010, 2010–2020 and 2000–2020; (4) the amount of N and P exports on arable land and construction land were more than that on the other land use types. The N and P exports on each land use type all first increased and then decreased, and the overall change trend all increased in 2000–2020.Discussion: This study demonstrates how geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and InVEST model can be used to assess nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in data scarce regions.

Automated Correction of GIS Data for Loads and Distributed Energy Resources in Secondary Distribution Networks

Currently, utilities are making significant efforts to correct their secondary models in geographic information systems (GISs) to capture the distribution system performance due to the increased penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as renewable energy resources, distributed energy storage, and electric vehicles (EVs). However, their databases are often not reliable in terms of GIS coordinates of elements such as loads and DERs resulting in an approximate representation of the secondary distribution network. This paper presents an automated tool for accurate secondary network topology GIS coordinates correction. The proposed automated tool provides a more accurate feeder topology for utilities to estimate and operate distribution systems by assigning the load and DER nodes to their corresponding customer location. To simplify the complexity of the proposed new tool, only two commonly available inputs are being used as input data: municipal parcel GIS delimitation data, and utility secondary feeder topology database. A three-stage framework is proposed to develop the automated tool: the first stage reads and processes the raw input data; the second stage works automatically with no human intervention to assign the load and DER nodes to their associated location; the third stage provides the load and DER coordinates and physical address. The proposed procedure is implemented on an actual feeder from an electrical utility with high penetration of DERs.The results show that the proposed method provides a more accurate estimation of the topology of the feeder in terms of coordinates.

Lightweight CNN and blockchain integrated secured model for crop disease information system

Lightweight CNN and blockchain integrated secured model for crop disease information system

Совершенствование уголовно-процессуального режима обращения информации в досудебном производстве в эпоху цифровой трансформации

Introduction: the article analyzes the prospects of reforming criminal proceedings into a high-tech model. Factors that make such a transformation difficult are highlighted. The most significant of these are shortcomings in the legal regulation of information handling in pre-trial proceedings. The article justifies the need to eliminate such shortcomings by improving the system of principles and general conditions of criminal proceedings. The proposed concept includes the introduction of the notion ‘procedurally significant information’, the principle of ‘information protection in criminal proceedings’, the general condition of a preliminary investigation ‘Measures to ensure the protection of procedurally significant information in pre-trial proceedings carried out in digital form’; certain provisions of the condition ‘Inadmissibility of disclosing the pre-trial investigation data’ (Article 161 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation) are improved; the prospects of creating a high-tech model of criminal procedure are presented. Purpose: to propose measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the criminal procedure regime of information handling; to develop a universal mechanism for protecting pre-trial data; to propose theoreticallegal and applied solutions for the transformation of criminal procedural activities into a digital model. Methods: general philosophical method (dialectics); general scientific methods: logical (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and functional; special scientific methods (comparative-legal, technical-legal, modeling). Results: the paper develops proposals for improving the legal regulation of information handling in pre-trial proceedings; declares the concept of improving the system of conceptions, principles of judicial proceedings, and general conditions of a preliminary investigation; outlines a conceptual model of a high-tech state information system serving criminal procedural activities in digital pre-trial proceedings on the platform of an experimental version of a software-hardware complex under the working title SleD. Conclusions: the upcoming prospects of the digital transformation of criminal proceedings determine the need to streamline legal relations concerning the handling of the pre-trial stage data. The list of data not subject to disclosure is determined by the circumstances of the case, but always meets the requirements of the information protection principle, of the proposed conditions of a preliminary investigation, and the concept of procedurally significant information. The unified procedure of information handling will provide a stable basis for creating effective high-tech criminal proceedings.

Lightweight CNN and blockchain integrated secured model for crop disease information system

Lightweight CNN and blockchain integrated secured model for crop disease information system

CREATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM MODEL FOR THEASSESSMENT OF TOURISM OBJECTS

The paper presents a model of information system designed to evaluate tourism objects based on information from web resources and social networks. When describing the model, the main entities such as data object, user, option, comment, tourism object, tourism organization and tone definition term were identified and described in detail. The relationships between the above entities of the information system are also defined. The core of the model is a data object, which stores complete information about the resource and is described to a greater extent through metadata. The main stages of model realization are given, which includes four steps: creation of tourism object database, collection and processing of comments, creation of tone definition dictionary and stage of tourism object evaluation. The paper also touches upon the issues related to the definition of the needs of tourists and tourism organizations.

ІNFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MODELING LAND PRICES UNDER THE URBANIZATION PROCESS

The dynamic shifts associated with urban growth or decline significantly influence both municipal and national economic policies. Urban expansion often necessitates substantial land resources allocation, whereas in regions with limited land availability or geographical restrictions, a innovative approach to urban planning is mandated. Key land value factors have been determined and classified. Each direct and indirect land prices key economic impact factor had been summarized and used to build information system model. Among these factors financial and economic data combined with geo-spatial information are considered the main input data sources for the digital information systems solution. An eight steps algorithm was constructed to enable information system output for economical assessment of land plot objects. The presented equations for economical assessment of a single land plot object can be used to calculate important parameters for the information system. Going one step further, a pyramid-shaped diagram denotes four stages of general economical valuation for prospective land object in context of investment opportunities. The price of each individual land slot can be efficiently calculated using an information system that relies upon pre-processed data, price impact factors and general land slot information. The findings underscore the necessity for adopting a more comprehensive approach towards the modeling of land prices in urbanized territories. This approach should adequately reflect the current delineation of urban and suburban boundaries, incorporate data pertinent to urban zones, and consider the spatial distribution of most significant industrial sites and business districts within larger urban zone (metropolitan region).

An Evaluation of the Impact of Urban Growth on Runoff in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria

Abeokuta is one of the urban areas in Nigeria with high cases of runoff fatalities in recent times, indicating the need for a proper understanding of prominent runoff-generating mechanisms, as well as the causative factors. Consequently, this paper, which is focused on flood-prone settlements, is aimed at providing information on the impact of change in urban land use on runoff in the study area. The specific objectives were to determine the change in average runoff in terms of the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCN-CN), and to assess the impact of urban growth on runoff in the area. The SCN-CN was derived from the 30m spatial Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM). At the same time, land cover change was estimated using Landsat TM+ from 2000 and Landsat 8 OLI from 2018. Data were analysed using the Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) and ArcGIS (version 10.1). The results showed a 14% increase (from 39% in 2000 to 53% in 2018) in urban areas of selected catchments; and a relative increase in average CN from 76.9 units in 2000 to 79.9 units in 2018, suggesting an increase in runoff potential relative to the increase in urban/impermeable space in the catchment. Annual discharge depth increased from 891.84mm to 956.9mm, while peak discharge increased from 161.9m3 /s to 196.2m3 /s. Runoff in the study area tends to exhibit spatial variability that is similar to the pattern exhibited by built-up areas across the study area, suggesting that the development of built-up areas can explain runoff exacerbation in part of the area. The use of SCN-CN and satellite images makes the approach reproducible, and the mixed methods of geographic information system and hydrological model revealed the spatial variability typically hidden in stand-alone hydrological models. The paper recommends further studies with the use of less coarse datasets, as well as the implementation of policies that focus on sustainable urban growth in the region, and other cities.

Finding the Best Analysis for the Sleeper Cells of Terrorist Acts in the Crowded Areas of Human Activities in the City of Baghdad

Terrorist operations disturbed societies and threatened their existence due to destructive ideas carried by those groups that believe in radical change and the use of multiple methods to implement their ideas, as well as taking methods of concealment among society, so it has become difficult to detect them. The study's purpose is to locate sleeper cells of terrorist operations in areas dense with various human activities using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems programs. The programs were used to analyze the group of terrorist incidents data that occurred in Baghdad in 2011 and study how to limit the crimes spreading in Baghdad. The study included building a model in spatial information systems for sites by identifying the accidents by simulating the reality with the Global Positioning System (GPS) to be a starting point for the spatial analysis of the accidents and devising a scientific approach to locate sleeper cells using statistical methods and theories. Moreover, predictive research focuses on several spatial studies to produce predictive maps for the sleeper cell sites spreading from their location toward the cities. The GIS proved to be one of the primary software packages that help decision-makers take appropriate measures at the right time, predict the spatial spread of future accidents, and control them in the future to be an effective model for researchers.

Формування системи інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення розвитку біопаливних виробництв на базі підприємств агросектору

The project proposal focuses on the role and importance of information in the transformation process of economic policy in general and agrarian policy in particular, given the programmed (by the Recovery Plan of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Fund Programme) inclination towards bioeconomic orientation of the recovery (reconstruction) of the national economy sectors from the war consequences, directing their further activities and coordinated ontogenesis towards sustainable and comprehensive socio-ecological and economic development of business entities (including agro-oriented and biofuel producers). The definition, scope and categorical differences between information and information-analytical support of agricultural enterprises, including those engaged in biomass processing into biofuels, are revealed. It has been proved that the quintessence of this ontogeny is the approximation of the European Green Deal's levers into the national regulatory framework, which allowed, among other things, to identify national, sectoral and niche progress in the relevant digital developments, “greening” of finance and further needs of Ukraine within the framework of EU membership and post-war recovery. The typologies of information and information-analytical support of agricultural enterprises engaged in the production of biofuels under the principles of “green” post-war recovery and bioeconomy are elaborated and presented. The importance of introducing and applying a unified universal information and analytical system, which includes an information system, a database, information resources and registers, in the economic practice of biofuel production in the agricultural sector of Ukraine is outlined. Features of the agricultural enterprises engaged in the production of biofuels are examined in terms of the architecture design of a unified system on information and analytical support of their activities, its compliance with the best European practices, including those related to traceability and safety of the agro-food value chain in the new military-driven socio-economic reality and the potential for substitution of imported diesel and petrol. A general concept of the information and analytical support system model is suggested, being acceptable under the martial law conditions for agricultural enterprises engaged in biofuel production. The article proposes a general concept of a model of an information and analytical support system which is acceptable under the legal regime of martial law for enterprises of the agricultural sector of economy engaged in biofuel production. Regarding the suggested system, it has been proved that the latter has sufficient potential for adaptation to specific operational needs, production conditions and security risks, allowing for the sectoral specifics of other enterprises in the agricultural sector of Ukraine.