Information Processing Theory Research Articles

The impacts of structured and unstructured information sharing on supply chain performance: the roles of information system connectivity, relationship commitment, and demand uncertainty

ABSTRACT This research investigates the information sharing (IS) activities between firms and their customers and inquiries into their impacts on supply chain performance (SCP). Following the information processing theory, this study illuminates a less-explored yet crucial classification of IS activities, structured IS and unstructured IS, and investigates their impacts on SCP under different levels of demand uncertainty. We also probe into the influence of relationship commitment (a relational antecedent) and information system connectivity (an information system antecedent) on structured IS and unstructured IS. Using data of 410 Chinese manufacturers, our research finds that information system connectivity enables both structured and unstructured IS, whereas relationship commitment merely supports unstructured IS, which positively affects structured IS. Furthermore, structured IS improves SCP, while this impact can’t hold for unstructured IS. Finally, demand uncertainty negatively moderates the relationship between structured IS and SCP, while positively moderating the relationship between unstructured IS and SCP.

The interaction effect of regulatory focus and negative feedback on proactive behavior: the mediating role of perceived insider status

There are two conflicting opinions regarding negative feedback from supervisors in the current literature: that it motivates subordinates’ proactive behavior, and that it discourages proactive behavior. This demonstrates the theoretical confusion over the exact nature of the relationship between negative feedback and proactive behavior. To clarify this confusion, this study investigates the mediating and moderating processes underlying the linkage between negative feedback and proactive behavior based on motivated information process theory. Using three-wave and multi-source data among 332 Chinese employees, our results show that regulatory focus moderates the indirect effects of negative feedback on proactive behavior through perceived insider status, such that the effect is stronger among employees with a higher prevention focus, whereas the effect is weaker in employees with a higher promotion focus. We also discuss meaningful theoretical and practical implications of this research.

Motivating conservation action in the Upper Midwest: Source attention, information seeking and sharing, and farmers' land management decisions

AbstractAdoption of on‐farm conservation strategies, such as edge‐of‐field practices, has the potential to reduce nutrient runoff, promote greater biodiversity, and improve water quality. To date, adoption rates among farmers are extremely low. Communication with farmers has been identified as a vital strategy to encourage the voluntary adoption of these practices and policies that promote on‐farm conservation. Yet little is known about which information sources shape farmers' concerns about conservation practices, perceptions of the risks and benefits of conservation practices, and ultimately, adoption behaviors. Using the Social Amplification of Risk Framework, the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model, and a cross‐sectional survey, we examined farmers' concerns about nitrate loss and water quality, perceptions of the risks and benefits of conservation practices, attention to messages and information sources, and communication behaviors. We received N = 474 completed surveys. Attention to agricultural associations was associated with decreased concern about nitrates and diminished perceptions of the benefits of edge‐of‐field practices. Farmers paying greater attention to non‐agricultural and social media sources were more likely to share and seek information. Attention to interpersonal sources was associated with greater adoption behaviors. This work highlights the importance of farmers' social networks, exposure to multiple information sources, and the need to identify new strategies for engagement and direct communication with hard‐to‐reach audiences. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this work for conservation communication and land management practices to promote environmental health.

Managing quality risk in supply chain to drive firm’s quality performance: the mediating role of supply chain quality integration

PurposeAs quality becomes increasingly prioritized in supply chain management, understanding how supply chain quality risk management (SCQRM) practices impact quality performance (QP) is essential. This study investigates the effects of two SCQRM practices – risk prevention (RP) and proactive product recall (PPR) – on QP, with a particular focus on the mediating role of supply chain quality integration (SCQI).Design/methodology/approachA structured survey was administered to gather data from 400 Chinese manufacturing firms. Structural equation modeling was employed to evaluate the proposed relationships among SCQRM practices (RP and PPR), SCQI and QP.FindingsThe findings reveal that both RP and PPR significantly and positively influence QP. Specifically, in the structural model, RP exerts a positive effect on SCQI, while PPR also positively impacts SCQI. Additionally, SCQI serves as a mediator between RP and QP, as well as between PPR and QP.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the supply chain management literature by elucidating the beneficial effects of RP and PPR on QP and identifying SCQI as a key mediating factor in these relationships. Leveraging information processing theory (IPT), the study provides new theoretical insights into the mechanisms through which SCQRM enhances QP via SCQI.

The connection between executive processing and career development

There is substantial evidence of the connection between career development and mental health. Executive processing, including associated feelings and thoughts, has been found to significantly impact career decision making and problem solving. This has implications for career practitioners tasked with addressing these complex concerns. Utilizing comprehensive frameworks that account for this connection is essential. Cognitive Information Processing theory (CIP; Sampson et al., 2020; Sampson et al., 2004) accounts for the interconnected elements of career and mental health, and specific dimensions of executive processing. Interventions derived from CIP as well as other approaches offer a structure in which to address executive processing elements influencing career development. Being intentional in assessing and addressing career-related thoughts and feelings enables a career practitioner to effectively and efficiently support those in need.

Angry or neutral, it does not matter to me: Implicit processing of facial emotions is not related to peer victimization experiences.

The aim of this study was to examine whether prolonged victimization relates to differential processing of emotions. Based on the social information processing theory, it was hypothesized that prolonged victimization would modulate emotion processing, such that victimization relates to a heightened attentional focus toward negative facial expressions and increased amygdala activation in response to negative facial expressions. We targeted a unique sample of 83 children (Mage = 10.6, 49.4% girls) whose victimization history in the past 2 years was available. An Emotional Dot-Probe Task and an Emotion Processing fMRI Task were administered to the participants. Findings included that victimization did not relate significantly to a heightened attentional focus on happy, angry, or fearful expressions. Viewing facial expressions resulted in the activation of the posterior medial frontal cortex, bilateral insula, bilateral fusiform face area, and the right amygdala and hippocampus, which was not related to victimization, nor was victimization related to activation in the amygdala or the social brain regions (medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, precuneus, posterior superior temporal sulcus) when viewing specific emotional (happy, angry, afraid, sad) expressions. Together, these results do not provide evidence that implicit emotion processing without social context relates to victimization. Future research should replicate these results and further examine emotion processing in relation to severe victimization experiences and support systems, such as friendships or parenting, on emotion processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Mismatch Negativity Unveils Tone Perception Strategies and Degrees of Tone Merging: The Case of Macau Cantonese.

Previous studies have examined the role of working memory in cognitive tasks such as syntactic, semantic, and phonological processing, thereby contributing to our understanding of linguistic information management and retrieval. However, the real-time processing of phonological information-particularly in relation to suprasegmental features like tone, where its contour represents a time-varying signal-remains a relatively underexplored area within the framework of Information Processing Theory (IPT). This study aimed to address this gap by investigating the real-time processing of similar tonal information by native Cantonese speakers, thereby providing a deeper understanding of how IPT applies to auditory processing. Specifically, this study combined assessments of cognitive functions, an AX discrimination task, and electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the discrimination results and real-time processing characteristics of native Macau Cantonese speakers perceiving three pairs of similar tones. The behavioral results confirmed the completed merging of T2-T5 in Macau Cantonese, and the ongoing merging of T3-T6 and T4-T6, with perceptual merging rates of 45.46% and 27.28%, respectively. Mismatch negativity (MMN) results from the passive oddball experiment revealed distinct temporal processing patterns for the three tone pairs. Cognitive functions, particularly attention and working memory, significantly influenced tone discrimination, with more pronounced effects observed in the mean amplitude of MMN during T4-T6 discrimination. Differences in MMN peak latency between T3-T6 and T4-T6 further suggested the use of different perceptual strategies for these contour-related tones. Specifically, the T3-T6 pair can be perceived through early signal input, whereas the perception of T4-T6 relies on constant signal input. This distinction in cognitive resource allocation may explain the different merging rates of the two tone pairs. This study, by focusing on the perceptual difficulty of tone pairs and employing EEG techniques, revealed the temporal processing of similar tones by native speakers, providing new insights into tone phoneme processing and speech variation.

Unveiling the mechanisms between project manager leadership competencies and team performance: an empirical study

Purpose This study aims to explore the influence of construction project manager competencies on team performance, using structural equation modeling (SEM) within the framework of social information processing theory. It investigates the multidimensional nature of project manager competencies and their impact on team processes and outcomes. Additionally, the study examines the mediating role of team processes in the relationship between competencies and team performance. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on data collected from 483 construction professionals in China, this study uses SEM to analyze the relationships among project manager competencies, team processes and team performance. Findings The results demonstrate a significant and positive effect of competencies on team performance. Specifically, task-related competencies directly contribute to performance, while people-related competencies enhance leader-member relations, and self-related competencies exert a gradual, cumulative influence. Moreover, the research confirms a three-factor competency structure and elucidates the nuanced mediating roles of team learning, monitoring and climate in the competency-performance relationship, shedding light on how specific competencies affect different stages of team development. Originality/value This study contributes to project management literature by applying social information processing theory to elucidate how project managers influence team cognition through competencies. From a practical standpoint, it advocates for a competency-based approach to project manager selection and training, aiming to enhance team performance. Overall, this research advances the understanding of the intricate interplay between project manager competencies and team performance, using SEM and a theoretical perspective rooted in social information processing theory.

Devising Yorùbá Terminology for Phonology Terms (from letter S to letter Z)

In this final part of our report, which is part four (4) on the formulation Yorùbá phonology terms for their English counterparts, we discuss terms from letters S to Z of English phonology and give their Yorùbá equivalents. Eighty-five (84) terms, numbered from 279 to 363, are given in this last report. 278 had been reported in three previous parts which covered letters A to R, Numbers 1 to 104 covering letter A to G were reported in part one, part two has numbers 105 to 186 from letters H to O while letters P, Q and R are reported in part three from number 187 to number 278. In carrying out this research, we extracted phonology terms in English from three phonology textbooks and two specialized/technical dictionaries on linguistics and phonology. The Yorùbá equivalents of these terms were devised using the Information Processing Model (IPM) framework. Some of the terms developed are secondary articulation ìs̩énupè kejì, sibilant afòòsépè, Sonority Hierarchy Ìpele Ìdún, spirantization, ìso̩dàfúnnupè, stress language èdè alátè̩mó̩, subsidiary features àbùdá aṣègbè, Syncope ìpàró-fáwè̩lì-je̩, tense [+tense] Àfipápè/ afis̩anpè [+ipá], ternary feature àbùdá alójúmé̩ta, transparent rule òfin ahànde (à-hàn-sóde), unary feature àbùdá alójúkan, underspecification ìso̩dò̩tò̩-àyo̩ó̩lé̩ (à-yo̩-sílè̩), Valency iye-ìwúlò, weight-to-stress principle, Ìlànà ìwúwo-sí-àtè̩mó̩

SikuGPT: A Generative Pre-trained Model for Intelligent Information Processing of Ancient Texts from the Perspective of Digital Humanities

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence has brought significant opportunities for the advancement of digital humanities research. Intelligent processing of ancient texts, as an essential part of digital humanities, is also undergoing a transformation in research methodologies in the wave of AIGC. The integration of generative pre-trained models with Chinese ancient texts, a vital carrier of Chinese culture, allows for deep mining of the content of these texts and provides services that make ancient texts more understandable and accessible to the general public. In this research, we propose a method that combines the most renowned Chinese anthology, the “Siku Quanshu,” with generative pre-trained models. We developed the SikuGPT model, a generative model for ancient text processing tasks, based on GPT-type language models by continued pretraining. This model was tested on two typical tasks of ancient text processing: translation between classical and modern Chinese, and classification of ancient texts. The findings reveal that our model achieves advantages in understanding and generating scenarios of ancient texts. The capability of SikuGPT in processing traditional Chinese texts helps to promote the organization of ancient information and knowledge services, and advances the international dissemination of traditional Chinese culture.

How Can Generative Artificial Intelligence Techniques Facilitate Intelligent Research into Ancient Books?

Generative AI changes the paradigm of natural language processing research, sets off a new trend of research in computational humanities and computational social sciences, and provides unique perspectives on digital intelligence-enabled ancient book revitalization and intelligent applications. The article explores the role of multimodal large models in image processing and OCR of ancient books. We discuss and exemplify how to use Large Language Models for intelligent information processing of ancient texts and explore combining prompt engineering, retrieval augmented generation (RAG), supervised fine-tuning, LangChain, and other techniques to improve performance in ancient text mining and applications. This article also looks forward to the broad prospect of intelligent agent technology combined with the Large Language Model in the innovative application of ancient book revitalization. The research focuses on digitizing ancient books, intelligent processing of ancient texts, and intelligent application of ancient book revitalization. It demonstrates the feasibility, advancement, and creativity of the application of generative AI and its derivative technologies in the field of computational humanities, especially in the field of ancient book preservation, to provide intelligent solutions for the dissemination of traditional thought and culture, from the perspective of the whole process of the technology of digital humanities and computational humanities research. The article also gives examples of the intelligent application of AI in the restoration of ancient books and the annotation of ancient texts. Although Large Language Models demonstrate transformative potential in advancing the field of ancient text research toward intelligent analysis, there remain certain limitations. This article points out their shortcomings in areas such as knowledge completion for ancient texts, understanding emotions and cultural nuances, as well as ethical and accountability issues. It emphasizes the need for a more balanced perspective on the role that generative AI plays in the exploration and utilization of cultural heritage.

When feeling safe is not enough to voice: Is emotional energy the missing key?

Organizations often seek ways to motivate their employees to make positive contributions. Drawing on the proactive motivational model and social information processing (SIP) theory, this study aims to explore the effects of hotel employees’ emotional energy on supportive and constructive voice and the moderating role of psychological safety climate. The proposed model was tested using data collected from hospitality and tourism employees through Prolific (n = 390). The results indicate that emotional energy has a direct positive influence on supportive and constructive voice, and psychological safety climate moderates the relationship between emotional energy and constructive voice but not supportive voice. This research contributes to the voice behavior literature by looking at specific dimensions of voice behavior and provides additional empirical evidence for the proactive motivational model.

Understanding Reactions to Informative Process Model Interventions: Ambivalence as a Mechanism of Change.

Transforming the course of protracted and bloody conflicts requires changing the behaviors and minds of society members who take part in these conflicts. While studies examining the psychology of such societies point to the barriers that conflict-supporting narratives create for changing minds and behavior, a novel psychological intervention offers a new direction to facilitate openness for attitude change based on the Information Process Model (IPM). Previous studies indicated the effectiveness of this intervention in creating an unfreezing of conflict attitudes and increasing support for peace negotiation in different conflict areas. However, since the psychological process underlying its effectiveness remains underexplored, the aim of the current research is to examine the experiences of participants exposed to IPM-based messages and the role of cognitive and emotional ambivalence in facilitating the unfreezing of conflict-supporting narrative and contemplating alternative beliefs. The first study (n = 234) examines how IPM (vs. control) videos increase engagement with and ambivalence towards conflict-supporting narratives using quantitative and qualitative analysis of written Decisional Balance responses. The second study (n = 24) delves into the expressions of cognitive and emotional ambivalence following exposure to different segments of an IPM video using semi-structured interviews, and further assesses their potential influence on facilitating contemplation with newly provided information.

A systematic review on career interventions for high school students.

This study presents a systematic literature review of career interventions for high school students, exploring the theoretical framework, intervention modality, evaluation and outcomes of the intervention. Five keywords, three databases and five inclusion criteria were defined. Of the 419 documents collected, 25 remained for meta-synthesis. The results showed that (1) the theoretical framework mainly consisted of career construct theory, social cognitive career theory, and cognitive information processing theory. (2) The intervention modality was mainly group counseling (8 sessions, 45 min). (3) The evaluation system mainly consisted of a pre-and post-test for the experimental and control group, and (4) the intervention outcomes were mainly focused on the positive development of career adaptability and career decision-making. The discussion offers recommendations for future research and practice in high school career interventions. (1) Social cognitive career theory should be given attention. (2) A three-tiered high school career development guidance model of career curriculum, career group counseling and individual counseling could be developed. (3) Career interventions should be shifted to mixed quantitative and qualitative studies, tracer studies, and special groups. (4) Outcome expectations should be given equal attention.

An innovative storytelling intervention to reduce school aggression among schoolchildren with reactive and proactive aggression.

It is a pioneering study to reduce reactive and proactive aggression in high-risk children aged 6-10 through an innovative intervention through storytelling. The original storytelling group intervention was based on the social information processing model, specifically tailor-made for the distinctive functions and motives of reactive and proactive aggression. Eighty-seven elementary schools in Hong Kong were recruited through open recruitment, and 15 schools were randomly selected. Four thousand eighty-six children (2,292 boys and 1,794 girls) from Grades 1 to 4 completed the screening, and 371 high-risk students (280 boys and 91 girls) with reactive and proactive aggression were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with a longitudinal design. Participants were then randomly assigned to the storytelling intervention, placebo, or control group. The group intervention consisted of 10 weekly 1-hr sessions. The participants were assessed at the baseline, after treatment, and 6 months after treatment by self-report and parent report. Longitudinal data were analyzed by linear mixed models. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the storytelling group intervention in reducing aggression. Compared with the placebo and control, the storytelling intervention further reduced self-reported aggressive behaviors but not parent-reported externalizing and internalizing problems. This storytelling intervention could be adopted in schools and other settings to treat high-risk children with aggressive behaviors without stigmatization. It can positively impact schools and society by reducing bullying and delinquency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Adaptive public relations and marketing in tourism: how South African timeshare businesses responded to the Covid-19 crisis

South Africa is one of the most popular tourist destinations on the African continent, with timeshares—vacation properties shared by multiple owners—being an important feature of the tourism industry as it contributes significant growth and sustainability of tourist destinations. After its introduction in the 1960s, timeshare gained popularity through its capability to provide luxury holiday affordability and security in South Africa. Since then, timeshare businesses have used traditional public relations, marketing, advertising strategies and tactics to increase brand awareness and reach sales targets. During the difficult COVID-19 period, global tourism declined drastically due to travel restrictions, extreme lockdowns and tight regulations, forcing businesses to adapt their marketing strategies to cope with unprecedented challenges and the loss of customers. Before the pandemic’s culmination, travel agencies and timeshares thus utilized digital marketing and social media to effectively strategise and publicly engage with their audiences online. Drawing upon McGuire’s (1969) theory of information processing, and Echtner and Ritchie’s (1993) destination image branding, a content and thematic analysis of two South African timeshare companies and their Facebook page content was studied to investigate the public relations tactics and marketing strategies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key findings reveal that timeshares engaged publicly with customers through posts which stimulated online participation, which included the sharing of images, information, updates, competitions and discounts, thus maximising the potential of social media to engage with stakeholders on a short to long term basis.

From Motion to Emotion: Visual Pathways and Potential Interconnections.

The two visual pathway description of Ungerleider and Mishkin changed the course of late 20th century systems and cognitive neuroscience. Here, I try to reexamine our laboratory's work through the lens of the Pitcher and Ungerleider new third visual pathway. I also briefly review the literature related to brain responses to static and dynamic visual displays, visual stimulation involving multiple individuals, and compare existing models of social information processing for the face and body. In this context, I examine how the posterior STS might generate unique social information relative to other brain regions that also respond to social stimuli. I discuss some of the existing challenges we face with assessing how information flow progresses between structures in the proposed functional pathways and how some stimulus types and experimental designs may have complicated our data interpretation and model generation. I also note a series of outstanding questions for the field. Finally, I examine the idea of a potential expansion of the third visual pathway, to include aspects of previously proposed "lateral" visual pathways. Doing this would yield a more general entity for processing motion/action (i.e., "[inter]action") that deals with interactions between people, as well as people and objects. In this framework, a brief discussion of potential hemispheric biases for function, and different forms of neuropsychological impairments created by focal lesions in the posterior brain is highlighted to help situate various brain regions into an expanded [inter]action pathway.

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of strength at home in Israel: A trauma informed intervention for intimate partner violence based on a social-information processing model.

The social information processing (SIP) model of trauma and intimate partner violence (IPV), which emphasizes the impact of trauma on one's ability to accurately process social information and subsequent failure to generate and enact nonaggressive responses, has gained attention in the United States. Recent clinical trial evidence suggests that the Strength at Home (SAH) intervention, a 12-session program that is based on this model, is efficacious in reducing and ending abusive behavior among U.S. veterans. However, such a clinical trial has yet to be conducted among a civilian population nor in a different cultural context (e.g., Israel). This paper describes the methods of a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of SAH compared to a treatment as usual comparison condition in Israel. 300 men referred (court-, clinically-, and self-referred) to IPV intervention from adult outpatient clinics at Social Affairs and Social Services offices in Israel will be randomly assigned to the SAH intervention or a treatment-as-usual comparison group. Outcomes are measured at six timepoints (baseline, post-treatment, and four 3-month follow-ups). The primary outcome is use of IPV; however, we will also examine reductions in SIP deficits. Secondary outcomes include symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, and changes in emotion regulation strategies. Study findings will determine the efficacy of SAH in a civilian population and in a different cultural context. Additionally, findings will determine whether SIP is a mechanism of change for such intervention.

How Digital Twins Impact Responsiveness: A Dynamic Fit Approach to Information Processing for High-Involvement Product Demand Management

In an era of rapidly evolving customer demands and technological advancements, organisations face mounting pressure to enhance their responsiveness. Digital Twins offer novel capabilities by providing comprehensive transparency on customer demands through dynamic and interactive links between real-world entities and their digital counterparts. As a result, Digital Twins have the potential to enable organisations to respond more swiftly and effectively to fluctuating customer demands across volume, process, and product dimensions. However, Digital Twins still lack empirical explorations and theoretical embedment, leading to conceptual ambiguity. Through a case study approach, the study integrates Digital Twins into the framework of Organisational Information Processing Theory (OIPT). Empirical evidence proposes that Digital Twins offer a spectrum of capabilities rather than a one-size-fits-all solution. The findings further emphasise the need for aligning Digital Twin sophistication levels with Information Processing Needs and Constraints, highlighting that the dynamic interplay between Digital Twin advancements, Information Processing Constraints, and Information Processing Capabilities creates a dynamic cycle of adaptation and optimisation. On the whole, the study presents four key implications: (1) Awareness about the versatile application areas of Digital Twins is created. (2) The positive impact of Digital Twins on volume, process, and product responsiveness is outlined. (3) The concept of Information Processing Constraints is introduced to OIPT. And (4) a dynamic cycle of aligning Digital Twin sophistication with Information Processing Capabilities and Constraints is suggested. Therefore, the study contributes not only to a deeper understanding of Digital Twins in demand management but also proposes a new dynamic fit perspective on OIPT.

How Different Training Types and Computer Anxiety Influence Performance and Experiences in Virtual Reality

Virtual reality (VR) can place people in unique environments and facilitate engagement, making it a compelling tool for storytelling and learning. However, experiencing narratives requires immersion, which can be difficult for those who are anxious about technology. Prior research has shown that training new users on how to use VR before they engage in learning tasks housed in VR is critical. The right kind of training and targeted guidance may help people, including those with computer anxiety, better navigate virtual experiences. However, best practices for how training should be administered remain unclear. This study examined how training type (paper, video, and VR) and computer anxiety influenced outcomes using a large sample size (<em>n</em> = 284). We measured performance and self-reported outcomes while participants navigated computer-graphic scenes, manipulated three-dimensional objects, and watched a narrative 360° video. Results showed that participants who received training via video or VR mastered more VR functions than those who received training via paper. Additionally, those who trained directly in VR had less of a negative experience using VR for completing tasks. Furthermore, participants who trained in VR perceived the training as more useful and found the VR tasks to be easier compared to those who received training in paper or video. Finally, those with high levels of computer anxiety, regardless of training, had more negative outcomes than those with low computer anxiety, including having less mastery of VR functions and engagement with the 360° video content, perceiving the training as being less useful, completing tasks with more difficulty, and having more of a negative experience. Our results suggest that keeping the medium the same both during training and doing is ideal. We discuss implications for theories of information processing in VR, as well as implications for scaled engagement with narratives and learning in VR.