Entrepreneurial Intention Model Research Articles

The Relationship Between Digital Technology and Business Innovation Model Among Asnafpreneurs in Malaysia

Businesses must continually adapt and innovate to stay competitive and maintain high market shares. This includes not only incorporating the latest technology but also creating innovations that aim to increase profitability and sustainability. However, this approach also involves significant risks, as changing the business model to incorporate technological and sustainable elements can be challenging. Digital technology has forced entrepreneurs to reconsider their business models, leading to a need for research on entrepreneurial intention and business models in this area. Thus, this paper seeks to identify the relationship between digital technology and the business innovation model among asnafpreneurs in Malaysia. The study will use a quantitative approach, with a structured survey conducted using Google Forms to gather data. The researcher will use purposive and judgmental sampling, based on recommendations from zakat officers, to select a sample of 299 respondents. Descriptive analysis will be used to examine the existing elements of digital technology, while correlation analysis will be used to examine the relationship between the dependent variable (business innovation model) and the independent variables (digital technology). The study's objective is to analyze the relationship between the business innovation model with digital technology and to propose the elements of digital technology in business innovation to asnafpreneur.

Entrepreneurs’ Intention to Use Crowdfunding: Towards a Conceptual Framework of Technology Acceptance and Entrepreneurial Intention

Despite the popularity of crowdfunding throughout the World, there is a limited amount of academic research conducted to study user acceptance of crowdfunding, especially among entrepreneurs. This paper aims to propose a conceptual model for assessing entrepreneurs’ intention to use crowdfunding. To achieve the objective, the study searched and reviewed current literature on crowdfunding user acceptance in the Emerald and Lens.org databases. Initially, 128 articles were found, and the review was conducted with 37 articles selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Accordingly, this study proposes a conceptual model with the integration of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) with the entrepreneurial intention model. The integration describes three main factors that affect user acceptance, such as technological factors, environmental factors, and individual factors. This paper tried to create a linkage with variables proposed in the model by providing propositions based on the literature. Future studies are needed to test the propositions in field research.

A model of entrepreneurial intention of graduates in the Mekong river delta

This article aims to investigate the determinants of the inclination of Mekong river delta (MRD) graduates towards entrepreneurship, with the purpose of providing viable solutions to authorities to enhance the efficacy of entrepreneurial endeavours. The analysis relied on primary data derived from a survey conducted in 2021, which involved 341 graduates from six provinces within the MRD. Various statistical techniques were employed to analyse the data, including the Cronbach’s Alpha test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that the entrepreneurial intention of these graduates is positively influenced by a multitude of factors, such as behaviour control, subjective norms, attitude towards entrepreneurship, and perceived desirability, while being negatively impacted by the propensity to act. The study’s primary contribution is the provision of an updated and cohesive framework that enhances understanding of the entrepreneurial intention among graduates in the MRD. The author offers actionable recommendations for various stakeholders: policymakers, universities, entrepreneurs, and researchers.

Family firm entrepreneurship: An experimental study

ABSTRACT Family managers’ entrepreneurial intentions (EI) play a crucial role in the long-term success of family firms. Previous research has highlighted education as a key driver of EI but has failed to consider the unique socialization processes within business families and their impact on the education-EI relationship. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the direct and indirect effects of education on family managers’ EI. By combining the integrated model of EI and research on business families’ socialization patterns, a study was conducted with a role-playing experimental design involving 412 family firm managers. The results indicate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) serves as a mediator between education and EI, while the ESE-EI relationship is further mediated by risk perceptions. Interestingly, no direct effect of education on EI was found, suggesting that the influence of education on EI follows distinct patterns within business families.

Hi Tech versus Hi Touch: The Digitalisation of Asnafpreneurs in Perlis

Digital technology has forced entrepreneurs and businessmen to reconsider their business models. Although research on entrepreneurial intention and business models is gaining attention, there is still a large knowledge gap in both fields. As we know, Perlis is one of the states in Malaysia that is a developing economic state. Most Perlis people are working in agriculture, farming, and running businesses. Parallelly, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the transformation of societies involving the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). The lifestyles of societies employed the adoption of digital technology. Thus, this study aims to investigate the issue of product marketability and assist rural entrepreneurs in improving their digital competencies according to modern standards. In this study, researchers are specifically implementing the transformation of channels of digitalisation on business model practice among asnaf in Perlis. Several channels or platforms, such as social media, business websites, and online delivery applications, are emphasised. The aim of this study is to foresee the business model practices among asnaf regarding their product, promotion, and delivery activities. In addition, this study employed a qualitative method. The data collected was among asnafpreneurs that run the food and beverage industry in Perlis. Eight instruments have been developed based on Business Model Canvas (BMC), and these instruments assist the researchers in producing expected themes. Furthermore, this study exposed the common platforms used by the asnafpreneurs as mentioned in the results. At the end of this study, a digitalisation asnafpreneurs model is presented and discussed. Several limitations and recommendations for future research are suggested.

위험감수성향과 창업교육이 관광전공 대학생의 창업의도에 미치는 영향

In accordance with the increasing attention in entrepreneurship among tourism industry, this study carried out with the aim of verifying factors affecting on tourism major students’ entrepreneurial intention using modified entrepreneurial intention model. Statistical analysis was conducted based on 216 valid questionnaire answers. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to analyze the collected data. Results show that risk-taking propensity had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. And subjective norm(SN) had a significant positive relationship with entrepreneurial attitude, perceived behavioral control(PBC) and entrepreneurial intention as well. Both entrepreneurial attitude and PBC had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. The moderating effect of entrepreneurship education was found on the relationships between risk-taking propensity and entrepreneurial attitude, SN and entrepreneurial attitude, SN and PBC. Based on these findings, this study provide theoretical and practical implication for promoting entrepreneurial intention of tourism major students. It also suggests the improvement of entrepreneurial education at universities.

Decent work and entrepreneurial intentions in West Africa and Switzerland

Drawing on the Psychology of Working Theory, the aim of this study is to assess the relationship between decent work, work needs’ satisfaction and entrepreneurial intentions in Burkina Faso, Switzerland, and Togo. We also test the applicability of the model of entrepreneurial intentions in these countries. Using a sample of 1,829 individuals we conducted structural equation modeling and multigroup analyses. Our results show that the model of entrepreneurial intentions is applicable in West Africa and Switzerland, and that it seems that perceived control and attitudes towards entrepreneurship are particularly important for entrepreneurial intentions. In all three countries, decent work contributes to the satisfaction of survival, social connectedness, and self-determination needs. Decent work and the satisfaction of needs do not seem to influence entrepreneurial intentions suggesting that other factors are important for the development of entrepreneurial intentions. The implications for policy, education and career guidance and counseling are presented.

Heterogeneous social capital influencing entrepreneurial intention among female business students in the Maldives

PurposeThis study aims to acknowledge the social capital challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), specifically the Maldives. As budding female entrepreneurs in a predominantly traditional culture are somewhat limited in their quest for economic empowerment, this study aims to clarify the role of social capital dimensions – structural, relational and cognitive – in shaping entrepreneurial intentions among women in the Maldives.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered from 325 female business students from ten tertiary educational institutions in the Maldives. After establishing its validity and reliability, the data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling, including hypothesis testing.FindingsStructural social capital (SSC) has a significant positive influence on attitude (ATE), subjective norms (SNs), perceived behavioural control (PBC) and entrepreneurial intention (EI). Relational social capital (RSC) has a significant positive influence on ATE and SNs and a significant negative influence on PBC and EI; cognitive social capital (CSC) has a significant positive influence on ATE, SNs and PBC, but does not significantly influence EI. Additionally, ATE, SNs and PBC are significantly associated with EI. The results also show that the indirect and direct effects through the mediation of ATE, SNs and PBC are significant in the relationship between SSC, RSC and EI. Furthermore, this study reveals an indirect effect on the relationship between CSC and EI.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings outline the intricate mechanism by which social capital influences EI. These findings provide useful insights for establishing policies and organising relevant programmes to promote female entrepreneurship in SIDS.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to examine the role of social capital in a unique setting, such as SIDS. Moreover, this study integrates the heterogeneous role of social capital into the female EI model. This highlights the urgency of developing relevant social capital among women to promote EI.

Consensus study on factors influencing the academic entrepreneur in a middle-income country’s university enterprise

Purpose This study aims to ascertain the personal characteristics of a group of successful academic entrepreneurs in a South African university enterprise and the prevalent barriers and enablers to their entrepreneurial endeavour. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a Delphi process to identify and rank the characteristics, enablers, barriers and behaviours of entrepreneurial academics, with a Nominal Group Technique applied to establish challenges they encounter managing their enterprise and to propose solutions. Findings Perseverance, resilience and innovation are critical personal characteristics, while collaborative networks, efficient research infrastructure and established research competence are essential for success. The university’s support for entrepreneurship is a significant enabler, with unnecessary bureaucracy and poor access to project and general enterprise funding an impediment. Successful academic entrepreneurs have strong leadership, and effective management and communication skills. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the small study participant group drawn from a single university enterprise, which complicates generalisability. The study supported the use of Krueger’s (2009) entrepreneurial intentions model for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) academic entrepreneur investigation but proposed the inclusion of mitigators to entrepreneurial activation to recognise contextual deficiencies and challenges. Practical implications Skills-deficient LMIC universities should extensively and directly support their entrepreneurial academics to overcome their contextual deficiencies and challenging environment. Originality/value This study contributes to addressing the paucity of academic entrepreneur research in LMIC contexts by identifying LMIC-specific factors that inhibit the entrepreneur’s movement from entrepreneurial intention to entrepreneurial action.

The influence of the pillars of digital academic entrepreneurship on university students’ entrepreneurial intention

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the influence of the pillars (hard and soft skills) of digital academic entrepreneurship on students' entrepreneurial intention.Design/methodology/approachThis was done by adopting a quantitative methodology involving empirical research with a sample of 761 university students from two countries and adopting structural equation analysis to validate the theoretical model proposed.FindingsThe results indicate a direct influence between hard and soft skills and entrepreneurial intention, and a positive, indirect influence between these and entrepreneurial intention mediated by the dimensions of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) – entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Therefore, the pillars of digital academic entrepreneurship have a direct and indirect influence on university students' entrepreneurial intention.Practical implicationsThis study also contributes to better operationalization of entrepreneurial education in university environments, since the development of hard and soft skills can be planned better based on the model proposed here. Considering the relations between the dimensions of hard and soft skills and those of TPB, this study shows there can be an influence on students' entrepreneurial intention.Originality/valueIn this study, a new and innovative construct is inserted in the model of entrepreneurial intention: “structural pillars of digital academic entrepreneurship” through structural equation modelling, to determine the degree of influence of these pillars (hard and soft skills) constructs on HEI students' entrepreneurial intention.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG THE STUDENTS IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION COUNTRIES

This research presents a comparison of the impact of personal and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of students living in Baltic Sea region countries. Data on students’ intentions to start their own businesses was obtained from 10054 respondents studying in Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden by implementing Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey (GUESSS) in 2021. Data analysis was conducted using modified Krueger’s (2009) entrepreneurial intention model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Six hypotheses were tested using the data received from all respondents and the data of individual sub-samples broken down by gender, level of study, the field of study, and country of residence. A positive relationship with students’ entrepreneurial intentions was clarified and the selected hypotheses were proved by analysing all variables of all sub-samples, except for three in the case of Lithuania and two in the case of Sweden and Finland due to insufficient level of statistical significance.

Bright or dark, vain or villainous? How entrepreneurial fitness, Machiavellianism and narcissism relate to entrepreneurial intention

AbstractThis study investigates antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions of young adults, the next generation of entrepreneurs. We determine whether aspiring entrepreneurs' positive and dark traits relate to entrepreneurial intentions. Results indicated that entrepreneurial fitness, a second-order construct comprised of multiple positive and bright traits, positively relates to entrepreneurial intention, while the dark traits of Machiavellianism and narcissism differentially relate to entrepreneurial fitness and intention. Narcissism positively relates to entrepreneurial fitness and intention both directly and indirectly. Though Machiavellianism positively and directly relates to entrepreneurial intention, it also negatively and indirectly relates to intention through a negative relationship with entrepreneurial fitness. However, overall, entrepreneurial fitness positively relates with entrepreneurial intention. Findings extend the core model of entrepreneurial intention by concurrently illuminating the adaptive and maladaptive aspects of the dark side of narcissism and Machiavellianism with the bright, positive antecedents of entrepreneurial intention with entrepreneurial fitness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Otantik Liderlik ile Sosyal Girişimciliğe İlişkin Niyet Oluşumunun Kavramsal Kesişimi

ABSTRACT 
 Founders of social enterprises become the initiators of their institutions by prioritizing their missions, and dedicating their efforts and time. Their goals become real as a result of hard work of a group of people, who unite around their missions. Based on the literature of authenticity and authentic leadership (AL), and social entrepreneurial intention formation; it was realized that there is a high degree of intersection between some of the authenticity concepts and the previously proposed antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this paper is to conceptually merge the relevant dimensions of AL with a previously suggested social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) model. The strength of SEs is often based on their values, resilience, and personal experiences of solving problems. Based on the Constructivist Self Development Theory, it is suggested in this paper that a reason why these people do their best to solve others’ – often similar- problems, may be their increased levels of authenticity throughout their challenging life experiences.

Push versus Pull motivations in entrepreneurial intention: The mediating effect of perceived risk and opportunity recognition

Push and pull driving factors are important motivational antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. Perceptual variables, such as perceived risk in venture creation and opportunity recognition, also play a significant role in this question. However, the existing research has not analyzed all these factors in conjunction, which would enable better identification of entrepreneurial intention. This study advances the understanding of the relationship between push–pull factors and entrepreneurial intention through an analysis of the mediating effects of perceived risk and opportunity recognition. The results of a structural equation model (partial least squares, PLS) applied to a sample of 616 Spanish undergraduate students reveal that the influence of pull factors on entrepreneurial intention is positive, and partially mediated by opportunity recognition. However, the influence of push factors on entrepreneurial intention is indirect and negative. Push factors have a negative impact on entrepreneurial intention, increasing individuals’ perceptions of risk in venture creation and undermining their opportunity recognition. The paper extends the current knowledge on how entrepreneurial intention is formed, integrating the Push-Pull Theory into Krueger's 1993 Model of Entrepreneurial Intention, thus incorporating motivational and perceptual variables into a unified model. The results suggest practical implications for forming entrepreneurial intention in individuals from three perspectives: entrepreneurship education, public policy and practitioners. Specifically, these implications mainly focus on the importance of designing programs and policies aimed at favoring pull-related motivations (i.e., self-realization, independence), as well as helping develop perceptions that venture creation entails low risk and that an interesting high-value added business opportunity is recognized.

A bibliometric review of the entrepreneurial intention of university students

This article constituted an analysis of the literature regarding the techniques applied to measure entrepreneurial intention and its relationship with the theory of planned behavior (TBP). For the student, the orientation in entrepreneurship constitutes a perceived advantage in the different levels of education. To test the accuracy of the model of entrepreneurial intention, works were extracted from the Scopus database from 2011-2021 by searching for the Booleans: "Entrepreneurial intention, Theory of planned behavior, Entrepreneur, multivariate methods, Higher Education," applied techniques multivariate and controlled for biases by applying different analysis models, the results will serve for decision-making, reforms in the education sector and more excellent performance of entrepreneurs. Of course, these cannot be generalized for the different contexts. However, they serve to monitor the initiatives that promote entrepreneurship at a global level.

Antecedents and boundary conditions of entrepreneurial intentions: perspective of theory of planned behaviour

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effects of perceived desirability for entrepreneurship (PDE) and perceived self-efficacy (PSE) on the entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of business students, with the moderation effect of entrepreneurial knowledge (EK) in the context of the theory of planned behaviour.Design/methodology/approachWe used a self-administered survey of 200 students registered in the business schools of Pakistani universities. The causal association between the variables was estimated through SmartPLS by using hierarchal linear modelling.FindingsThe study findings indicate that PDE and PSE significantly influence EIs. Furthermore, EK significantly strengthens the nexus between PDE and EIs and between PSE and EIs. Those students who had already acquired self-efficacy and exhibited desirability for the business venture were more inclined towards entrepreneurship if they had acquired some EK and vice versa.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reveals that a model of EIs is needed to configure the students’ goals and motivations. Also, using new education programmes will help students acquire new knowledge for business startups. Further implications are also discussed.Originality/valueThis research fills a gap by using the moderating role of EK on the nexus between PDE, PSE and EIs, which has remained untouched in the educational sector.

Advancing the model of social entrepreneurial intention: the role of perceived financial security

PurposeAlthough few studies indicate that financial concerns matter to social entrepreneurs, the literature is unclear about the extent to which a financial motive affects the intention to start a new social enterprise. Moreover, prior research suggests that the intention to start a new enterprise heavily depends on the societal context in which the enterprise operates. Therefore, this study aims to examine the seminal model of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) developed by Hockerts (2017) in a different social context; additionally, it proposes a new antecedent of SEI – perceived financial security.Design/methodology/approachThis study used two different measurement scales and samples (n = 436 and 241) in a developing country to validate the model and propose a new antecedent, i.e. the perceived financial security, of SEI. Furthermore, the authors employed the partial least square-structural equation model to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results demonstrate that social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, perceived social support and perceived financial security directly predict SEI; they further mediate the relationship between prior experience and SEI. Consequently, the model by Hockerts is extended.Originality/valueThis study established perceived financial security as a strong antecedent of SEI, thereby offering a novel insight that a social entrepreneur can be motivated by potential financial concerns.

Personality and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Final Year Business Students in Pakistan: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Education and Social Norms

Personality traits and situational characteristics influence the level of entrepreneurial intention in individuals. This study investigated the relationship between the five-factor model of personality, entrepreneurial education, social norm and entrepreneurial intention of final-year business students. Based on the cognitive appraisal theory, the mediating role of entrepreneurial education and social norms was proposed between five personality factors and entrepreneurial intention. A cross-sectional and a quantitative research design was adopted. Data was collected by administrating a survey to final year bachelor of business management students of a public sector university. The data from 200 students was analyzed through partial least square structural equation modelling in SMART PLS 3. The results revealed that openness to experience, neuroticism, entrepreneurial education and social norms were significantly related to entrepreneurial intentions. Openness to experience and conscientiousness was related to entrepreneurial education, while openness to experience, conscientiousness and neuroticism were related to social norms. The mediation analysis revealed that entrepreneurial education and social norms mediate the relationship between openness to experience and conscientiousness with entrepreneurial intentions, while social norms negatively mediate the relationship between neuroticism and entrepreneurial intentions. Interestingly social norms and entrepreneurial education fully mediate the relationship between conscientiousness and entrepreneurial intentions. This study's findings have helped us to understand how social norms and entrepreneurial education shape the way different personality traits influence the entrepreneurial intention of students. Interventions to enhance the quality of entrepreneurial education and social norms supporting entrepreneurship would promote entrepreneurship among individual high in openness to experience and conscientiousness.

“Quiet the Mind, and the Soul Will Speak”! Exploring the Boundary Effects of Green Mindfulness and Spiritual Intelligence on University Students’ Green Entrepreneurial Intention–Behavior Link

Given the escalated gravity of interest in green start-ups in recent years, extant research on green entrepreneurial behavior has investigated the influence of green entrepreneurial intention in stimulating behavior. However, factors that shape green entrepreneurial intention warrant empirical scrutiny to provide a more nuanced understanding of how green entrepreneurial intention transforms into green entrepreneurial behavior. This study aims to explore the role of an individual’s cognitive mechanism, i.e., green mindfulness, in predicting university students’ green entrepreneurial behavior. The study examines a serial mediation model of green intrinsic motivation and green entrepreneurial intention in the relationship between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, the study investigates the moderating role of spiritual intelligence in the direct relationship between green mindfulness and green intrinsic motivation, and the indirect association between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial intention through green intrinsic motivation. The study adopts a time-lagged design to collect data from university students from Punjab, Pakistan. The authors analyze 395 responses from students in their final years using SmartPLS (v 4.0). As projected, our findings reveal that green mindfulness elevates green entrepreneurial intention through the mediator effect of green intrinsic motivation, which translates into green entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, spiritual intelligence significantly moderates the relationship between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial intention, mediated by green intrinsic motivation, such that at high levels of spiritual intelligence the association is more pronounced and vice versa. The study presents several noteworthy theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical perspective, the study contributes to the extant literature by investigating the link between green mindfulness and green entrepreneurial behavior through the serial mediator effects of green entrepreneurial intention and green intrinsic motivation and the moderator effect of spiritual intelligence. From a practical perspective the study presents a theoretical framework of university students’ green entrepreneurial intentions, culminating in green entrepreneurial behavior. By investigating these linkages our research draws practitioners’ attention to the crucial roles of green mindfulness and spiritual intelligence in fostering green entrepreneurial behavior.

Review and Comparison of Classical Entrepreneurial Intention Models

The study of entrepreneurial models carries significance in guiding the development of entrepreneurial activities. On the basis of a literature review, this paper reviews and analyzes six classic and widely influential entrepreneurial models: entrepreneurial event model (EEM), entrepreneurial intention model (EIM), revised EIM, theory of planned behavior (TPB), economic psychological model (EPM), and structural model of entrepreneurial intention (SMEI). This paper aims to discuss the similarities and differences of these entrepreneurial intention models and their applications in different contexts, which carries important theoretical and practical significance for further research on entrepreneurial behavior and intention.