Model Of Economic Management Research Articles

Realidad del Tercer Sector en España y crisis del Estado de Bienestar: retos y tendencias

The Third Sector holds the strategic value of contributing to the general welfare. In order to fully understand its size and facilitate a global picture of its economic and social dimension in Spain, several approximations are presented, providing facts and figures that highlight its relevance as an important economic and social force. It is a sector that generates substantial employment and wealth, as well as a tremendous social impact as subsidiary in the Welfare State vis-à-vis the institutional role of the State. In this sense, the Third Sector carries out increasing advocacy in defence of the rights of vulnerable groups and/or in risk of exclusion, promoting participatory democracy, and managing services to these groups, addressing the social needs of those groups that are not covered under the institutional logic of public and/or as a way of reducing costs. Thus, the current socioeconomic context subdues the Third Sector to strong pressures, such as the need to address increasing social needs and generate social innovation in the framework of budget cuts and spending constraints. So, the challenges of the Third Sector are outlined; particularly, the need for a new economic and financial management model allowing the transition from being subsidiary to the State to being a collaborator.

Specific Features of Development of Ecological Entrepreneurship in Ukraine

ABSTRACT. The article is dedicated to a problem of establishment and development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The authors pay attention to the methodological basis of define the category ecological entrepreneurship, and address the specific features of this phenomenon. The main problems of the agricultural sector of Ukraine as a prospect for entrepreneurship development are outlined in the paper: the destruction of soils, lack of land cultivation, pollution and more. An important element of entrepreneurship development is production ecologization, which will be implemented as a component within the framework of conception of sustainable development. Eco-destruction processes, which prevent progress of entrepreneurship in Ukraine, are analyzed.Keywords: ecologization of economy, pollution, problems of Ukraine.IntroductionAn entrepreneurship is a new sphere of scientific interests of researchers. The deepening of market relations and sustainable development ideas are changing the scientific views and directions of modern entrepreneurship development. Managers may recognize the need for transition to a new model of economic management in accordance with the market requirements and consumer demand. However, there has been no uniform determination of entrepreneurship so far; methods for evaluation of activity of the enterprises are absent. Researchers have repeatedly emphasized that current economic models and behaviour would lead to social collapse. Thus, development of a new economic model, entrepreneurship theory, is a high priority. The need for introducing the newest approaches and methods of economic management is widely discussed and highlighted among the researches. The papers by V. Basylevych, O. Veklych, T. Galushkina, B. Danylyshyn, M. Dolishniy, L. Melnyk, V. Mischenko and others are dedicated to the problems of establishing entrepreneurship in Ukraine (Basylevych, 2010, p. 6; Veklych, 2003; Galushkina, 2000; Danylyshyn, 1999; Melnyk L., Melnyk O., Burlakova, 2011).Questions of policy in Ukraine, regarding concerns, consequences, and resource potential are addressed in papers by L. Rudenko, Y. Golik, A. Tolstoukhov, M. Zgurovs'kyi.However, the relevance of said issues in focus is inexhaustible, since it touches upon vitally important questions, such as safety of the state, health of the nation, life of future generations. Taking this into account, the problems of organization and development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine are especially noteworthy. The main object of the article is to determine the specific features of entrepreneurship establishment in Ukraine and its development in domestic economy. In accordance with the object to be achieved the following tasks are set:* to define the methodological basis of entrepreneurship development in Ukraine;* to study the specific features of organization of the entrepreneurship sector in the domestic economy;* to analyze the perspective directions of entrepreneurship development;* to rationalize the ways of implementing the main programs and finding solutions to the tasks of entrepreneurship.General scientific and special methods are used in a paper to study processes and phenomena. Research methods include: logic, economic analysis, expert estimations, comparison method, systems analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and analogies. The theoretical basis of research is the fundamental provisions of economic theory, scientific researches of enterpreneurship, efficiency of companies' activity, management theory of complex social and economical systems, and strategic management.However, there is a significant lack of information on enterpreneurship development in Ukraine, sometimes even a complete absence, so statistical data from accessible information sources are used in the paper. …

Effect of money turnover rate on efficiency of national economy

Some provisions of an entirely new model of economic management having as its base “The Theory of High Efficient National Economy” are under consideration. The separate functions of money in the modern world are critically examined, and the contradictions among them are highlighted. It is demonstrated on how does the money turnover rate influences on the national economy efficiency. Ways to increase the rate of money turnover are shown. An absolutely new scheme of functioning the state monetary system is suggested.

Cost-effectiveness and effectiveness of applying intelligent osteoporosis health risk assessment system in community-dwelling women: a novel evidence-based study

Changs-f, Yangrs, Chencm, Huangcy & Yangrj (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 445–455 Cost-effectiveness and effectiveness of applying intelligent osteoporosis health risk assessment system in community-dwelling women: a novel evidence-based study Background. Few studies have explored how to assist at risk females understand the status of osteoporosis without invasive data. Aims. To develop an intelligence osteoporosis health risk evaluation system and used for a preliminary empirical analysis of Asian women. Setting. This study is focused on community-dwelling women who had accepted dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examination in health evaluation centre of a medical centre in north Taiwan from 2005–2006. Design. A longitudinal, evidence-based study was conducted. Method. The first stage is to establish the data base. This part included information from random samples (n = 220), including data for bone mineral density, osteoporosis risk factor, knowledge, belief and behaviour. The second stage is to detect the accuracy of this system including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The third part is to evaluate the preliminary effect of nursing evidence-based study. Participants (n = 90) determined the relative risks of osteoporosis with system were randomly grouped into experimental or control group. Results. The content validity index among knowledge, beliefs and behaviours were 0·99, 0·89 and 0·95, respectively. In Cronbach’s alpha value, osteoporosis prevention knowledge belies and behaviours were 0·84, 0·79 and 0·77, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the analytical tools were 75%. In preliminary empirical study, this study showed the knowledge and perceived benefits of osteoporosis could be promoted by individual nursing instruction and could obtain economical and effective results. Conclusions. This study can be applied in different diseases health risk evaluation in the future and provides community residents a good reliability, good validity, practical, convenient and economic self-health management model. Relevance to clinical practice. This study developed a useful approach for providing Asia women with a reliable, valid, convenient and economical self-health management model to increase the effectiveness of osteoporosis prevention programs for at risk women.

PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: Melting Glaciers Release Frozen Toxicants

The melting of glacial ice that formed in the middle of the twentieth century may be a source of a cocktail of persistent, bioaccumulative toxic substances that can threaten human health and the environment, according to a study by Christian Bogdal, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, and colleagues in the 1 November 2009 issue of Environmental Science & Technology. Their findings, along with those of a handful of other studies, suggest the release of toxics once bound within glaciers may be a little-recognized consequence of ongoing climate change. The Swiss team analyzed sediment samples taken from Lake Oberaar, a glacier-fed lake in central Switzerland. They measured sediment levels of several pollutants that would have entered the lake over the period 1953–2006 and compared the measurements with those from three lower-altitude Swiss lakes that aren’t glacier fed. The substances analyzed included 17 dioxins and furans, 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 10 synthetic musk compounds, DDT and two of its transformation products (DDE and DDD), 4 additional organochlorine pesticides (hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide) and their transformation products, and polychlorinated naphthalenes. The Lake Oberaar and lower-altitude samples reflected a generally consistent pattern of increased influx of the compounds into the lakes from the 1950s through a peak in the 1960s–1970s, followed by a decrease to relatively low levels in the 1980s and 1990s. The exception was musk compounds, whose sediment influx was fairly steady from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. These patterns parallel the widespread increase in production and use of these substances from the 1950s through the 1970s, and the subsequent decline (except in the case of musk compounds) as concerns about toxic effects often resulted in restrictions or bans on use. These patterns also mesh with the premise that the primary source of the sediment toxics to that point was deposition of airborne pollutants generated in urban, industrial, and agricultural areas. Beginning in the late 1990s, however, the influx of all the compounds into Lake Oberaar—but not the lower-altitude lakes—increased moderately to sharply. In some cases, the new peak influxes were 2–5 times higher than the 1960s–1970s peaks. These increases coincide with a total reduction in Alpine glacier volume of about 12% between 1999 and 2008, according to a report by Daniel Farinotti and colleagues in the August 2009 issue of Global and Planetary Change. About one-quarter of that reduction occurred following the unusually hot summer of 2003. Bogdal and colleagues hypothesize that the sources of the later contaminant influxes they observed likely were not distant, because production and use of these chemicals had decreased substantially. Instead, they conclude the glacial meltwater was the source. Studies they are conducting at Lake Oberaar and elsewhere support this hypothesis, says Bogdal. The evidence to date suggests the release of these and other persistent toxics, such as lead and mercury, may be a concern for many glaciated settings. Among areas of potential concern, say Bogdal and other experts in this field, are locations in the Arctic region, Antarctica, the Alps, the Himalayas, and the Caucasus, Andes, Rocky, Cascade, and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges. “Melting of glaciers is releasing a huge amount of water containing dangerous contaminants used in the past,” says Roberta Bettinetti, an assistant professor of freshwater ecology at Italy’s University of Insubria. “Now these pollutants can contaminate great basins even at low altitudes where water is used for drinking and fishing purposes.” In the October 2008 issue of Chemosphere, Bettinetti and colleagues reported on their study of the toxic effects of melting glaciers on biota of two southern Alpine lakes. They found that the amount of DDT and its metabolites released by melting glacial ice increased the concentrations in lake mussels and fish above the threshold considered safe for human consumption. Silvana Galassi, a professor of ecology at the University of Milan and coauthor of that report, recommends implementation of monitoring to identify areas where mitigation, such as limiting fish consumption or avoiding disturbance of sediments, may be warranted.

Resource Adaptation Scheme for QoS Provisioning in Pervasive Computing Environments: A Welfare Economic Approach

Management of applications in the new world of pervasive computing requires new mechanisms to be developed for admission control, QoS negotiation, allocation and scheduling. To solve such resource-allocation and QoS provisioning problems within pervasive and ubiquitous computational environments, distribution and decomposition of the computation are important. In this paper we present a QoS-based welfare economic resource management model that models the actual price-formation process of an economy. We compare our economy-based approach with a mathematical approach we previously proposed. We use the constructs of application benefit functions and resource demand functions to represent the system configuration and to solve the resource allocation problems. Finally empirical studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed pricing model and to compare it with other approaches such as priority-based scheme and greedy method.

Valuing Biodiversity from an Economic Perspective: A Unified Economic, Ecological, and Genetic Approach

We develop a conceptual framework for valuing biodiversity from an economic perspective. We argue for a dynamic economic welfare measure of biodiversity that complements the literature on benefit-cost approaches and genetic distance/phylogenic tree approaches. Using a unified model of optimal economic management of an ecosystem under ecological and genetic constraints, we identify gains from management policies leading to a more diverse system, using the Bellman state valuation function of the problem. We show that a more diverse system could attain a higher value although the genetic distance of the species in the more diverse system could be almost zero.

Valuing Biodiversity from an Economic Perspective: A Unified Economic, Ecological and Genetic Approach

We develop a conceptual framework for valuing biodiversity from an economic perspective. We consider biodiversity important because of a number of characteristics or services that it provides or enhances. We attribute biodiversity loss to economic activities related to decisions of private optimizing agents that ignore useful characteristics or services associated with diverse ecosystems. Using a unified model of economic management of an ecosystem under ecological and genetic constraints, we compare the optimal value of the social optimization problem where positive externalities associated with biodiversity are internalized, to that of a private optimization problem. We obtain an endogenous measure of the biodiversity value and relate this measure to ecologically/biologically oriented biodiversity metrics (species richness, Shannon or Simpson indices) that correspond to the equilibrium diversities of the social and private optimization problems.

The New Model of Economic Management

One of General Secretary Gorbachev's key economic advisors outlines the basic components of a new “model” of economic management in the USSR (e.g., new forms of private and cooperative activity, increased flexibility in production, relationships in state enterprises, election of directors), to be in place by the early 1990s. Also presented is the rationale for the current timetable of the reform. American participants in the first joint Soviet Economy roundtable then discuss with the Academician the role of collectives and local Party officials in the new system of management. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 027, 052, 124.

A Policy Evaluation Tool: Management of a Multiaquifer System Using Controlled Stream Recharge

A model for the optimal allocation of water resources was developed for a multiaquifer groundwater and surface water system near Livermore, California. The complex groundwater system was analyzed using a transient, quasi‐three‐dimensional model that considers the nonlinear behavior of the unconfined aquifer. The surface water system consists of a reservoir that discharges water to three streams which in turn recharge the upper aquifer. Nonlinear streamflow‐recharge relationships were developed based upon synoptic field measurements of streamflow. The management model uses constrained optimization to minimize the cost of allocating surface water subject to physical and economic restrictions. Results indicate that a combined hydrologic and economic management model can be used to evaluate management practices of a complex hydrogeologic system. Questions can be posed which either would be impossible or extremely difficult to solve without the management model. We demonstrate the utility of such a model in three areas. First, the efficiency of intra‐basin water allocations is evaluated. Second, critical factors that control management decisions of the basin are identified. Third, the influence of economic incentives that can best satisfy the conflicting objectives of various water users is explored.

Optimal energy extraction from a hot water geothermal reservoir

An analytical decision model is presented for determining optimal energy extraction rates from hot water geothermal reservoirs when cooled brine is reinjected into the hot water aquifer. This applied economic management model computes the optimal fluid pumping rate and reinjection temperature and the project (reservoir) life consistent with maximum present worth of the net revenues from sales of energy for space heating. The real value of product energy is assumed to increase with time, as is the cost of energy used in pumping the aquifer. The economic model is implemented by using a hydrothermal model that relates hydraulic pumping rate to the quality (temperature) of remaining heat energy in the aquifer. The results of a numerical application to space heating show that profit‐maximizing extraction rate increases with interest (discount) rate and decreases as the rate of rise of real energy value increases. The economic life of the reservoir generally varies inversely with extraction rate. Results were shown to be sensitive to permeability, initial equilibrium temperature, well cost, and well life.