Model Of Behaviour Research Articles

Anomaly detection of wind turbines based on stationarity analysis of SCADA data

This study presents a stationarity-based method, based on sliding window principle, for wind turbine monitoring and anomaly detection. Initially, the window is formed with a reference data set collected from a wind turbine under healthy condition. During the monitoring process, the data window is regularly updated with the latest samples recorded by the SCADA system. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is exploited to compute the stationary statistical characteristics of the data within the window at each updating step. Any abrupt changes in the ADF t-statistics indicate the fault occurrence. The method can simultaneously monitor various parameters without using normal behaviour models. Its monitoring and fault detection mechanism relies on the consecutive accumulation of variations in stationarity of SCADA signals in the data window over time. Through the validation using two SCADA data sets, the method has proven its capability in monitoring wind turbines and detecting faults at the early stage.

Developing the PEAK mood, mind, and marks program to support university students’ mental and cognitive health through physical exercise: a qualitative study using the Behaviour Change Wheel

BackgroundConcerns about mental and cognitive health are common among university students. Engaging in regular physical exercise has been shown to enhance both mental health and cognitive performance, yet most students are not participating in the level of exercise required to obtain these benefits. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) provides a framework for developing behavioural interventions that are informed by theory, evidence, and stakeholder perspectives. The current study aimed to apply the BCW to develop the PEAK Mood, Mind, and Marks program (i.e., PEAK), a behaviour change intervention designed to increase university students’ exercise engagement for the benefit of their mental and cognitive health.MethodsPEAK was developed across three stages of the BCW: (1) understand the target behaviour, (2) identify intervention options, and (3) identify intervention content and delivery mode. Development was informed by triangulated data from a systematic literature review, co-design consultations with key stakeholders, and knowledge of relevant experts. Consultations with stakeholders involved focus groups with 25 university students and individual interviews with 10 university leaders and staff to identify barriers and facilitators to students’ exercise engagement and the adoption and implementation of PEAK by universities. Template analysis was used to code transcripts to the capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM-B) model of behaviour. The BCW was applied to identify the most appropriate intervention types and behaviour change techniques (BCTs).ResultsThirty-one barriers and facilitators were identified and mapped to seven intervention types (Education; Modelling; Persuasion; Environmental Restructuring; Incentivisation; Training; and Enablement) and 26 BCTs, which were delivered across digital channels and in-person. The final intervention consisted of multiple components targeting students’ capability (e.g., increasing knowledge about the mental and cognitive health benefits of exercise), opportunity (e.g., providing a flexible range of accessible exercise options and social support), and motivation (e.g., increasing the perceived importance of exercise) to exercise.ConclusionsUniversity students and staff describe a need and appetite for more empowering, scalable solutions to support students’ mental and cognitive health. Exercise-based approaches that are informed by behaviour change frameworks, evidence, and stakeholder perspectives, such as PEAK, have the potential to address this need. Current findings will inform a pilot of PEAK to evaluate its efficacy and implementation.

Barriers and Enablers to Maintaining Behaviour Changes Following a Lifestyle Intervention for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Aim To explore short-term barriers and enablers to maintaining behaviour changes in adults with type 2 diabetes who had completed a lifestyle behaviour change program. Methods Focus groups with 44 participants identified barriers and enablers at the end-of-program (n = 8 groups: anticipated); and, 1-month post-program (n = 6 groups: experienced). Thematic inductive analysis was undertaken independently by two authors, discussed, then deductively grouped according to the Capability (physical, psychological), Opportunity (physical, social), Motivation (automatic, reflective) – Behaviour (COM-B) model. Results Nine barriers were identified: two anticipated, one experienced, and six common to both timepoints. Key barriers related to physical capability (health ability), physical opportunity (difficulty accessing and using resources), social opportunity (unwillingness to invest in social networks), and reflective motivation (lack of internal drive). Eleven enablers were identified: all across both timepoints. Key enablers related to psychological capability (knowledge), physical opportunity (access and use of program resources), social opportunity (sense of belonging and safety within the program), automatic motivation (beliefs and awareness around perceived risk; monitoring of progress), and reflective motivation (committed to change). Discussion Findings suggest diabetes management programs should enable ongoing access to their resources. Investing in mechanisms to scaffold program graduates into suitable community-based activities may also be beneficial.

Factor Influencing Purchase Intention among Indonesian towards Yogyakarta Fashion Product via Digital Marketing

To be able to sustain in this unpredictable global situation, MSMEs in Yogyakarta must expand their sales via digital to reach more consumers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate measures and explore factors that influenced the purchase intention of local people towards Yogyakarta's local products through digital marketing. This study was guided by theory planned behaviour model approach and digital marketing mix theory. Data were collected online using Google Forms, and the snowball sampling technique was used to reach the sample. Results from the pilot test demonstrated that both adapted and self-developed measures were reliable that demonstrated an overall Cronbach alpha value of .97. The data analysis technique used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The research results showed that EFA had identified six factors (6). Findings from the analysis confirmed that the scales were reliable and validated the influence of purchase intention of local people towards Yogyakarta's local products through digital marketing. The measures enable to be applied in examining the influence of theory of planned behavior and digital marketing mix theory on purchase intention on Yogyakarta goods. This would help to generalize the data in wider scope of market such as in Indonesia.

Experience-dependent grooming microstructure alterations and gastrointestinal dysfunction in the SAPAP3 knockout mouse model of compulsive behaviour

BackgroundCompulsive- and anxiety-like behaviour can be efficiently modelled in SAPAP3 knockout (KO) mice, a preclinical model of relevance to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although there is emerging evidence in the clinical literature of gastrointestinal dysfunction in OCD, no previous studies have investigated gut function in preclinical models of relevance to OCD. Similarly, the effects of voluntary exercise (EX) or environmental enrichment (EE) have not yet been explored in this context. MethodWe comprehensively phenotyped the SAPAP3 KO mouse model, including the assessment of grooming microstructure, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour, and gastrointestinal function. Mice were exposed to either standard housing (SH), exercise (EX, provided by giving mice access to running wheels), or environmental enrichment (EE) for 4 weeks to investigate the effects of enriched housing conditions in this animal model relevant to OCD. FindingsOur study is the first to assess grooming microstructure, perseverative locomotor activity, and gastrointestinal function in SAPAP3 KO mice. We are also the first to report a sexually dimorphic effect of grooming in young-adult SAPAP3 KO mice; along with changes to grooming patterning and indicators of gut dysfunction, which occurred in the absence of gut dysbiosis in this model. Overall, we found no beneficial effects of voluntary exercise or environmental enrichment interventions in this mouse model; and unexpectedly, we revealed a deleterious effect of wheel-running exercise on grooming behaviour. We suspect that the detrimental effects of experimental housing in our study may be indicative of off-target effects of stress—a conclusion that warrants further investigation into the effects of chronic stress in this preclinical model of compulsive behaviour.

Evolutionary game model and simulation analysis of multi-stakeholder behaviour for promoting Braille labelling on pharmaceutical packaging in China’s legal framework

This study investigates the factors influencing the lack of Braille-embossed labels in Chinese pharmaceutical product packaging. To this end, this study constructs an evolutionary game model of multi-participant behaviour in drug production regulation and conducts simulation based on the perspective of stakeholders in order to study the evolutionary steady state of regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, and visually impaired individuals and the influence of each parameter variable on the choice of strategic behaviour of the participants. The simulation results show that in the legal framework of China, administrative penalties, the production subsidy rate, and the Basic Medical Insurance (BMI) reimbursement rate are the main drivers of the system’s evolution towards a steady state. Reduced costs of drugs with Braille-embossed packaging is a prerequisite for the visually impaired to purchase such drugs, and the key for the whole system to converge to a stable state therefore lies in the BMI reimbursement rate for drugs with Braille-embossed packaging. This paper suggests that the Chinese government should improve the law enforcement mechanism for the regulation of the production of drugs with Braille-embossed packaging; increase the type and intensity of administrative penalties as well as production subsidies, tax incentives, and compliance incentives for pharmaceutical companies; and provide higher BMI reimbursement rates for the visually impaired. The results of the study provide valuable insights to improve accessibility to drugs and build a barrier-free environment for ensuring medication safety in China and other developing countries.

The Physics of Preference: Unravelling Imprecision of Human Preferences through Magnetisation Dynamics

Paradoxical decision-making behaviours such as preference reversal often arise from imprecise or noisy human preferences. Harnessing the physical principle of magnetisation reversal in ferromagnetic nanostructures, we developed a model that closely reflects human decision-making dynamics. Tested against a spectrum of psychological data, our model adeptly captures the complexities inherent in individual choices. This blend of physics and psychology paves the way for fresh perspectives on understanding the imprecision of human decision-making processes, extending the reach of the current classical and quantum physical models of human behaviour and decision making.

The experience of live-remote exercise—perspectives after cancer treatment

PurposeLive-remote exercise interventions, supervised by exercise professionals in a home-based setting, could potentially enhance exercise accessibility for cancer survivors, yet research on their perspectives is limited. This study explored cancer survivors’ experience of exercise within the context of a live-remote exercise intervention, to understand factors influencing exercise engagement.MethodsFour online focus groups with, in total, 22 breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors were conducted between March and June 2023. These individuals had participated in a 12-week live-remote exercise intervention. The semi-structured discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis with an abductive approach. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation model of Behaviour (COM-B) served as a supportive framework.ResultsNine themes were identified and mapped onto COM-B domains (capability, opportunity, motivation). Factors influencing cancer survivors’ exercise engagement included exercise readiness following cancer treatment, bringing exercise closer, in capable hands, peer support through shared experience, life factors as hurdles or support, exercise as an integral component of cancer treatment, caring for myself and others after me, the positive impact of exercise exceeding expectations, and getting into the habit.ConclusionsIdentifying factors shaping exercise engagement, these findings emphasise live-remote’s potential benefit in overcoming barriers and fostering participation. Supervised by professionals, it offered psychosocial and exercise support, facilitating the integration of exercise into daily life.Implications for cancer survivorsElucidating key factors for exercise engagement within a live-remote context is essential for developing and implementing live-remote exercise interventions to ensure accessible, integrated exercise for optimal post-treatment well-being for cancer survivors.

Adolescent Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviours: Simultaneous Effects of Self-control, Attitudes of Parents and Teachers

This study investigates the complex relationships between parental attitudes, teacher attitudes, and self-control and their associations with prosocial and antisocial behaviour among adolescents in Bali, Indonesia. The research utilises a correlational research design with structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis to examine the relationships among variables comprehensively. A sample of 260 high school students aged 14 to 16 in Bali, Indonesia, was selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique with 104 male and 156 female. The standard deviation of age is 0.49. Data were collected using adapted instruments to measure prosocial behaviour, antisocial behaviour, parents’ attitudes, teachers’ attitudes, and self-control. The study found positive correlations between parental attitudes, teacher attitudes, self-control, and prosocial behaviour and negative correlations with antisocial behaviour. The SEM analysis produced a predictive model for adolescent prosocial and antisocial behaviour, demonstrating strong compatibility with the model. The results indicated that parents’ attitudes, teachers’ attitudes, and self-control contributed significantly to prosocial behaviour among adolescents. However, while teachers’ attitudes and self-control were significantly related to antisocial behaviour, no significant relationship was found between parents’ attitudes and antisocial behaviour. The findings provide valuable insights into the role of parent-child relationships and highlight the potential for fostering positive behavioural outcomes. The study’s contribution lies in its focus on multiple dimensions of relationships and its exploration of the impact of parental difficulties. Ultimately, this research deepens the understanding of prosocial and antisocial behaviour and its underlying mechanisms, shedding new light on the field of prosocial.

Numerical modeling of dynamic heat flow behaviour during friction stir welding of Al-Cu alloy

Numerical modeling of dynamic heat flow behaviour during friction stir welding of Al-Cu alloy

The neural network RTNet exhibits the signatures of human perceptual decision-making.

Convolutional neural networks show promise as models of biological vision. However, their decision behaviour, including the facts that they are deterministic and use equal numbers of computations for easy and difficult stimuli, differs markedly from human decision-making, thus limiting their applicability as models of human perceptual behaviour. Here we develop a new neural network, RTNet, that generates stochastic decisions and human-like response time (RT) distributions. We further performed comprehensive tests that showed RTNet reproduces all foundational features of human accuracy, RT and confidence and does so better than all current alternatives. To test RTNet's ability to predict human behaviour on novel images, we collected accuracy, RT and confidence data from 60 human participants performing a digit discrimination task. We found that the accuracy, RT and confidence produced by RTNet for individual novel images correlated with the same quantities produced by human participants. Critically, human participants who were more similar to the average human performance were also found to be closer to RTNet's predictions, suggesting that RTNet successfully captured average human behaviour. Overall, RTNet is a promising model of human RTs that exhibits the critical signatures of perceptual decision-making.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OFCHILDREN'S SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES

The article analyses theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of forming children's socio-cultural values based on the principle of multidisciplinarity, from the point of view of the phenomenology of sociology, philosophy, axiology, cultural studies, pedagogy, axiopedagogy and psychology. The author also analyses scientific approaches to the definition of the term «socio-cultural values» and clarifies the essence of the phenomenon. The essence of the concept of socio-cultural values as the basic life meanings on which a person is based in everyday life, in relation to the surrounding reality and which enshrine specific features of a particular culture and model of social behaviour is substantiated. The methodological basis for the process of forming socio-cultural values in children is a combination of personal and activity, axiological, and participatory approaches. The structure of children's socio-cultural values is defined, their typology, criteria, indicators and levels of development are outlined. According to this, the structure of this phenomenon consists of: socio-cultural macro-values; socio-cultural meso-values; socio-cultural micro-values. The components of socio-cultural values are analysed in terms of the importance of the types of values: linguistic and value component, cognitive component, and pragmatic component.

Modeling of LCF Behaviour on AISI316L Steel Applying the Armstrong-Frederick Kinematic Hardening Model.

The combination of kinematic and isotropic hardening models makes it possible to model the behaviour of cyclic elastic-plastic steel material, though the estimation of the hardening parameters and catching the influence of those parameters on the material response is a challenging task. In the current work, an approach for the numerical simulation of the low-cycle fatigue of AISI316L steel is presented using a finite element method to study the fatigue behaviour of the steel at different strain amplitudes and operating temperatures. Fully reversed uniaxial LCF tests are performed at different strain amplitudes and operating temperatures. Based on the LCF test experimental results, the non-linear isotropic and kinematic hardening parameters are estimated for numerical simulation. On comparing, the numerical simulation results were in very good agreement with those of the experimental ones. This presented method for the numerical simulation of the low-cycle fatigue on AISI316 stainless steel can be used for the approximate prediction of the fatigue life of the components under different cyclic loading amplitudes.

“Women shouldn’t play rugby” – the gendered and embodied experiences of women players in rugby union

ABSTRACT Drawing on interview data, we use gender and embodiment literature to understand the experiences, attitudes, and behaviours of women rugby players in relation to tackle performance and safety. Sampling, data collection, and data analysis were guided by principles and techniques of the grounded theory method. Participants’ experiences illustrate the processes through which women struggle to claim space in rugby. Constraining gender norms, the inferiorisation of women’s athletic achievements, and inequitable playing conditions are at the centre of this struggle. Organisational support and cultural acceptance are predicated on conformity to masculinist models of performance and behaviour whilst preserving the ideals of femininity. However, women’s embodied persistence and agency can challenge the gendered status quo in rugby and reshape the field of play. Revising rugby structures to include more nuanced models for performance development, including commensurate support for the women’s game both in financial sense and in terms of identity could enhance safety and performance in women’s rugby.

Extension of Flow Behaviour and Damage Models for Cast Iron Alloys with Strain Rate Effect

Cast iron alloys with low production cost and quite good mechanical properties are widely used in the automotive industry. To study the mechanical behavior of a typical ductile cast iron (GJS-450) with nodular graphite, uni-axial quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests at strain rates of 10−4, 1, 10, 100, and 250 s−1 were carried out. In order to investigate the influence of stress state on the deformation and fracture parameters, specimens with various geometries were used in the experiments. Stress strain curves and fracture strains of the GJS-450 alloy in the strain rate range of 10−4 to 250 s−1 were obtained. A strain rate-dependent plastic flow model was proposed to describe the mechanical behavior in the corresponding strain-rate range. The available damage model was extended to take the strain rate into account and calibrated based on the analysis of local fracture strains. Simulations with the proposed plastic flow model and the damage model were conducted to observe the deformation and fracture process. The results show that the strain rate has obviously nonlinear effects on the yield stress and fracture strain of GJS-450 alloys. The predictions with the proposed plastic flow and damage models at various strain rates agree well with the experimental results, which illustrates that the rate-dependent plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of cast iron alloys at elevated strain rates. The proposed plastic flow and damage models can be used to describe the deformation and fracture analysis of materials with similar properties.

Impact of the propensity to cross-cultural adaptation on online viewers' attitudes toward ethnic minority group cultural streaming: An extension of the theory of planned behaviour

Although more and more ethnic minority group (EMG) users are willing to present cultural content on live streaming platforms and advertise cultural products, the influence of their cultural content is still weak compared to mainstream culture. To narrow the research gap, it is essential for the current study to analyse online viewers' intention to watch EMGs' cultural content. This paper extends the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model based on the cross-cultural adaptation theory. It adds the propensity to cross-cultural adaptation factor and cross-cultural adaptation factor, aiming to clearly explain online viewers' psychological changes. The data analysis based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS- SEM) supports that the propensity to cross-cultural adaptation positively affects online viewers' cross-cultural adaptation. Meanwhile, the cross-cultural adaptation will positively influence online viewers' attitudes towards EMG cultural streaming, motivate their watching intention, and drive their final behavioural responses. More findings are uncovered via the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA), and the cross-cultural adaptation factor has significantly high performance and importance for online viewers’ watching intention.

Electro-thermal actuation in recycled aggregate concrete with rapid self-reinforcement via smart cement-based composites

With the growing call for low-carbon and environmentally friendly materials, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) holds great promise for sustainable development. Nevertheless, significant challenges exist with respect to the material’s poor flexural carrying capacity. Development of an effective method for improving the flexural carrying capacity of RAC under a specific deflection deformation is important for enhancing the range of its structural applications. In this study, an intelligent structural optimisation strategy for compounding RAC with carbon-fibre (CF) reinforced cement-based composites (CFRCs) to realize rapid self-reinforcement via electro-thermal actuation is proposed. As a smart component, CFRC was first researched to investigate its electrical, mechanical, and microscopic properties. The optimal properties were obtained in specimens incorporating 0.5 vol%, CFRC0.5. CFRC0.5 exhibits an electrical resistivity of approximately 0.39 Ω∙m, accompanied by 65.3 % and 33 % increases in flexural and compressive strengths, respectively, when compared to the control mixture without CF. Furthermore, CFRC0.5 can maintain outstanding stability after multiple electro-thermal cycles. Analysis via microscopic characterisation revealed that a satisfactory conductive network can be formed at 0.5 vol% CF. Furthermore, CFs with excellent dispersity are particularly advantageous in improving the mechanical biting force within the cement matrix and restraining the further formation and expansion of microcracks. Thus CFRC0.5 was designed and fabricated as a pre-stress controller to realise rapid structural self-reinforcement, resulting in a 38.6 % improvement in the flexural carrying capacity of the RAC under specific midspan deflection conditions. Additionally, a response behaviour model for midspan deflection with temperature differential was established, showing an excellent correlation between the experimental results and theoretical simulation. This findings from this study highlight the significance of leveraging intelligent techniques to realise rapid self-reinforcement capabilities in concrete structures, facilitating their potential application in smart and adaptive structures.

Why my doctor is a Kantian and my car mechanic is an Aristotelian: bringing marketplace ethics into the classroom

This article makes the case for bringing ethics more explicitly into the economics classroom. It outlines a theory of pluralist ethical institutions, explains how these may solve certain problems in markets and relates them to a model of human behaviour proposed by Adam Smith. Markets operate not only on the foundation of outcome incentives tied to contracts and property rights, but also on the basis of Kantian duty and Aristotelian virtue. These latter concepts explain the development of deeper trust, which reduces transaction costs and risks. Trust can be achieved through reputational effects in repeat trade and from sharing sentiments and principles. Smith’s moral sentiments model describes how individuals come to develop the self-control needed to obey social norms and laws relating to honesty and treating others with respect. The article provides examples of markets that are enhanced by non-consequentialist ethical institutions, as well as some of the constraints imposed by them. It thus provides a strong case for dealing with ethics in standard economics courses and it makes some suggestions for how this can be done simply and effectively.

What is needed for improved uptake and adoption of digital aftercare programs by cancer survivors: a mixed methods study applying the COM-B model.

Cancer survivors face physical, lifestyle, psychological, and psychosocial challenges. Despite the availability of aftercare services, survivors still have unmet needs. Digital aftercare programs may offer support, but their use is limited. This study aimed to examine what is needed to improve uptake and adoption of these programs. Additionally, it explored sociodemographic and clinical variables that may influence these needs. A mixed-methods approach was used, involving qualitative interviews and a questionnaire. The research was guided by the COM-B model of behaviour, which considers capability, opportunity, and motivation crucial for behaviour. Qualitative analysis was performed using the framework method. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Fourteen cancer survivors were interviewed, and 213 participants completed the questionnaire. Findings indicated that most respondents had a positive or neutral attitude towards digital aftercare programs, believing these could address their cancer-related challenges. Still, only a small percentage had experience with them, and most were unaware of their existence. Many expressed a desire to be informed about them. Some were uncertain about their effectiveness. Others were concerned about a lack of reimbursement. No significant influence of the sociodemographic and clinical variables was found. Cancer survivors are generally positive about digital aftercare programs but are often unaware of their availability. Raising awareness, clarifying their value, and providing support and reimbursement could enhance uptake and adoption. The current insights can help improve participation in digital aftercare programs, ultimately fosteringhealth, well-being, and quality of life of cancer survivors.

How influencer characteristics drive Gen Z behavioural intentions of selecting fast-food restaurants: mediating roles of consumer emotions and self-construal

PurposeThis study measured influencer characteristics, consumer emotions, self-construal, and behavioural intentions of Gen Z consumers for selecting fast-food restaurants in India. A consumer behaviour model was conceptualized based on established theories.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional design was employed for hypothesis testing. Influencer characteristic perceptions, consumer emotions, self-construal, and behavioural intentions were measured for Gen Z consumers in Tier 1 cities in India using structural equation modelling.FindingsInfluencer characteristics significantly influenced behavioural intentions, consumer emotions, and self-construal in Gen Z consumers. Self-construal was also a significant predictor of behavioural intentions. Consumer emotions had a negative effect on behavioural intentions. Self-construal was a mediator between influencer characteristics and behavioural intentions and between consumer emotions and behavioural intentions. However, consumer emotions did not mediate the relationship between influencer characteristics and behavioural intentions.Practical implicationsMarketers can leverage these insights to design influencer campaigns that resonate with the emotions and self-construal of Gen Z consumers. Microinfluencers with characteristics that align with the target demographic’s emotions and self-perception can be strategically chosen.Originality/valueOnly a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of social media marketing on consumer behaviour within the fast-food industry, specifically with Gen Z consumers. This study sheds new light on the behavioural intention of Gen Z consumers predicted through influencer characteristics, consumer emotions, and self-construal through a conceptual model. The results support choosing microinfluencers and investing in them judiciously to promote fast-food businesses.