Research Model Research Articles

Entrepreneurship education fostering entrepreneurial intentions: The serial mediation effect of resilience and opportunity recognition

This study aims to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions, drawing upon the self-determination theory. Specifically, it proposes a research model suggesting that the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions is sequentially mediated by resilience and opportunity recognition. To test the research model, data was collected from a sample of 962 undergraduate business students enrolled in nine universities in Vietnam. The results of our study demonstrate that entrepreneurship education has a positive association with entrepreneurial intentions, with this relationship being serially mediated by resilience and opportunity recognition. By shedding light on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions, our research makes a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge in this domain. Moreover, the practical implications of our findings extend to universities and policy makers, who can leverage this knowledge to enhance access to entrepreneurship education for students.

Animal models of cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain.

Cisplatin chemotherapy has been used as the main treatment for different types of cancer. However, cisplatin chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) seriously affects the treatment process and quality of life of patients. In addition, it impacts the underlying mechanism and prevention and treatment strategies, indicating that drug selection and efficacy evaluation need to be further investigated. Furthermore, an animal model that is more consistent with the pathological mechanism needs to be developed. In this study, we describe and discuss the methods of developing and detecting CIPNP models in rats and mice induced by cisplatin chemotherapy. The aim was to improve the modeling rate and develop animal models that are more consistent with the developmental pattern of the disease. In addition, the study provides ideal reference animal models for clinical research and drug discovery and development.

The effects of early-life whisker deprivation on adolescent behavior in C57BL/6J mice.

Whisker deprivation at different stages of early development results in varied behavioral outcomes. However, there is a notable lack of systematic studies evaluating the specific effects of whisker deprivation from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P14 on adolescent behavioral performance in mice. To investigate these effects, C57BL/6J mice underwent whisker deprivation from P0 to P14 and were subsequently assessed at 5 weeks of age using a battery of tests: motor skills were evaluated using open field test; emotional behavior was evaluated using a series of anxiety- and depression-related behavioral tests; cognitive function was examined via novel location and object recognition tests; and social interactions were analyzed using three-chamber social interaction test. Results show that early-life whisker deprivation impairs social discrimination, as evidenced by reduced interaction preference for novel mice, while not impacting general motor abilities, cognitive performance in novel object and location recognition, or anxiety- and depression-related behaviors during adolescence. The treatment effects were consistent across sexes, with no significant differences observed between control and experimental groups within each sex. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the behavioral impacts during adolescence resulting from early-life whisker deprivation and provide valuable criteria for selecting appropriate whisker deprivation models in future research.

Development and biomechanical evaluation of a 3D printed analogue of the human lumbar spine

BackgroundThere exists a need for validated lumbar spine models in spine biomechanics research. Although cadaveric testing is the current gold standard for spinal implant development, it poses significant issues related to reliability and repeatability due to the wide variability in cadaveric physiologies. Moreover, there are increasing ethical concerns with human dissection practices. Analogue models can act as cost saving alternatives to human tissue with better repeatability. The current study proposes a new methodology of spinal biomechanics testing using 3D printable surrogates and characterized its multi-dimensional stiffness in displacement-controlled loading scenarios.MethodsThe model consisted of L1 to S1 vertebrae, intervertebral discs (IVD), intertransverse, interspinous, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. The vertebrae and the IVDs were derived from an open-source 3D MRI anatomography database, while the ligaments were modeled based on literature incorporating mounting points on the spinous and transverse processes. Stereolithography 3D printing along with a combination of stiff and soft photopolymer resins were used to manufacture the vertebrae and the soft tissues in the model. Thereafter, displacement-controlled pure moments were applied in the range of ± 15° at 0.5°/sec in all bending modes using a torsion testing machine and a custom pure bending jig. Model rotation and resisting moment under loading were recorded to quantify the rotational stiffness and hysteresis in the model.ResultsThe model reached a maximum of 5.66Nm and 3.53Nm at 15° flexion-extension, 3.84Nm and 3.93Nm at 15° right and left lateral bending, and 2.45Nm and 2.59Nm at 15° right and left axial rotation respectively. Model RMS error against ex vivo human response was estimated to be 1.57°, 1.64°, 0.82° in flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation respectively. Bilateral symmetry in model stiffness was observed in lateral bending and axial rotation directions.ConclusionsThis study presents a reproducible 3D printable L1-S1 lumbar spine and validated it in all three orthogonal bending modes in the range of ± 15° against ex vivo and in silico data. The 3D printed analogue spine model described herein shows promising results, suggesting this model, with further validation, could have potential as a human cadaveric tissue substitute within the explored contexts of use.

Investigating factors influencing bullying behavior reduction and gender differences in higher education: A structural equation modeling approach.

In recent years, the prevalence of bullying among university students in Indonesia has continued to increase. The consequences of bullying have detrimental effects on the victims, highlighting the importance of finding ways to reduce bullying behavior. However, few studies have explored the factors that can mitigate this behavior among students. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze which determinants significantly affect the reduction of bullying behavior, with a particular focus on gender differences. This research utilizes the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) along with theories of parent-child relationships (PCR), teacher-student relationships (TSR), and peer relationships (PR) to explain bullying behavior. The study successfully collected data from 435 students in Riau, Indonesia. The results indicate that PCR and PR are key in enhancing students' attitudes towards bullying. As students' attitudes improve, bullying behavior can significantly decrease. This study successfully developed a research model to reduce bullying behavior. The findings suggest that fostering positive peer interactions and supportive parent-child dynamics are essential. Schools can apply these insights by promoting peer support systems and conflict resolution programs to reduce bullying. This study highlights the critical role of nurturing peer relationships within educational strategies to effectively address bullying behaviors.

Tacrolimus and diabetic rodent models.

Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant widely utilized in organ transplantation. One of its primary adverse effects is glucose metabolism disorder, which significantly increases the risk of diabetes. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying TAC-induced diabetes is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for these adverse effects. In addition, TAC can induce cost-effective, non-obese animal models of diabetes, where the metabolic parameter changes closely resemble those observed during the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM), and associated complications. This review, based on articles indexed in PubMed up to August 19, 2024, identified 48 studies focusing on TAC-induced diabetic rodent models and 22 studies exploring the effects of TAC on diabetic or obese rodent models. These studies were systematically summarized based on TAC dosage, route of administration, duration of administration, and glucose metabolism indices used for evaluation. Additionally, the impact of TAC dose reduction or discontinuation on glucose metabolism was assessed, along with pharmacological agents that modulate TAC-induced diabetes, including anti-diabetic medications, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, biologics, and antibiotics. Key signaling pathways implicated in TAC-induced diabetes include CaN/NFAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and TGF-β/Smad, all of which impair islet β-cell function, thereby contributing to diabetes development. This review provides a concise summary of the characteristics of relevant murine models, offering valuable guidance for selecting appropriate and economical animal models for future research.

How does social overload lead to withdrawal behavior? The case of social communities on social networking sites

PurposeOn the basis of the conservation of resources theory (CORT), this study investigates the relationship between social overload and users’ withdrawal intention from social communities on social networking sites (SNSs), with the serial mediating mechanisms of social-psychological distance and emotional exhaustion and the moderating mechanism of (similar) linguistic style.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 489 users in different social communities on SNSs in an emerging market. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the sample data and test the hypotheses.FindingsResults show that social overload has a positive influence on withdrawal intention from social communities on SNSs. Furthermore, social-psychological distance and emotional exhaustion have a serial mediating effect in this relationship. In addition, (similar) linguistic style negatively moderates the link between social overload and emotional exhaustion and that between social overload and withdrawal intention.Originality/valueThis study extends CORT to propose and test a unique research model that clarifies the mechanisms leading to users’ withdrawal behavior from social communities on SNSs. The findings of this study provide implications for researchers, individual users, administrators/managers of social communities, and SNS providers to understand and make better decisions to retain member users.

Navigating Cultural Tensions and Adaptation Across Changing Global IT Work Environments: A Case Study of A South African IT Unit Reorganization

ABSTRACT Navigating cultural tensions during a reorganization to a globally distributed IT unit is a formidable challenge for IT managers and workers across diverse cultural contexts. Our case study integrates and extends national cultural dimensions and organizational culture models in global IS research with the relational dialectics perspective to explore the discursive and material nature of cultural tensions experienced by local IT unit workers in a multinational technology organization. Drawing from in-depth interviews, we use thematic and contrapuntal analysis to examine the cultural tensions onsite local IT unit managers and specialists from South Africa expressed about their changing relations with an offshore global IT headquarters. Our results reveal an overarching autonomy versus control tension and three interrelated subtensions—workplace flexibility versus workplace standardization, strategic position versus compliant position, and empowerment advocacy versus bureaucratic dictates—which influenced contradictory meanings and responses to the reorganization. These tensions and adaptation strategies, though rooted in the South African IT unit context, resonate with global IT work environments, particularly in emerging economies and high- and low-power-distance cultures like China and Western Europe, where similar dynamics of cultural negotiation between local autonomy and global control are evident. The central contribution of this research is a global IT cultural tensions model, offering practical implications for fostering more inclusive and harmonious IT work environments across diverse cultural and regional contexts.

MTORC1 regulates the proliferation of SOX9+ porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSDSCs) by promoting S6K phosphorylation.

Skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a subtype of adult stem cells (ASCs) that are widely harvested and exempt from ethical restrictions in clinical applications. These cells possess capabilities for self-renewal, proliferation, and multi-lineage differentiation. Compared to model animals like rats and mice, pigs exhibit greater physiological similarity to humans. Porcine skin has very similar histological and physiological characteristics to human skin. Therefore, porcine skin is becoming increasingly significant as an in vitro model for research. In this study, porcine skin-derived stem cells (pSDSCs) were isolated and cultured in vitro for experiments. The expression of stemness-related gene SOX9 was detected. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results found that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was significantly enriched in SOX9+ pSDSCs. To investigate the role of the mTOR signaling pathway, we added rapamycin (RAPA), an inhibitor of the mTORcomplex1 (mTORC1), and found that the proliferation rate of SOX9+ pSDSCs decreased significantly during culture. In addition, western blotting (WB) results demonstrated that mTORC1 promoted proliferation by phosphorylating S6 kinase (S6K) and then activating cyclin D1(CCND1) in SOX9+ pSDSCs. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of adult stem cell proliferation.

Waves dangerous, domesticated, and diagnostic

This paper, based on a keynote presented at the MARE People and the Sea Conference 2023 as well as on material from A Book of Waves, examines how oceanographers and coastal engineers in the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, Japan, and Bangladesh study and represent waves. Waves, seen as both chaotic and ordered, ephemeral and enduring, offer insights into how science engages with environmental, national, and planetary futures. The discussion begins in the Netherlands, where centuries-old efforts to resist waves in a nation below sea level have evolved into “building-with-nature” strategies, reframing waves as collaborators in environmental resilience. Historical contexts, from wave folklore to physical scale models, underpin this shift in Dutch wave science. Next, I explore the wave simulation laboratory at Oregon State University, where researchers model tsunami risks from the Cascadia fault line. These experiments connect the Pacific Northwest with Japan’s tsunami research, highlighting challenges in adapting wave knowledge across regions. Finally, I turn to Bangladesh’s Ganges Delta, where Dutch hydrological expertise was applied in mid-20th-century development projects, often with uneven results. This case illustrates the complexities of transposing wave science into diverse settings. I conclude by reflecting on how these scientific practices contribute to understanding the Anthropocene, particularly from the perspective of the Global South’s oceans.

The effect of childhood interpersonal trauma on social anxiety: Implications for using emotion-focused therapy with young adults

Abstract According to emotion-focused therapy (EFT), childhood interpersonal trauma predicts social anxiety in adulthood through internalized shame. While internalized shame is characterized by the negative self-evaluation of the self, the mechanism linking childhood trauma and internalized shame remains unclear. This study examined whether emotional clarity, as posited by EFT, serves as a mediating factor between childhood interpersonal trauma and subsequent internalized shame. Specifically, it investigated the sequential mediating effect of emotional clarity and internalized shame on the relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma and social anxiety among Korean college students. A group of 202 undergraduate students in South Korea participated in the study by completing self-report questionnaires on key variables. The research model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the model fit was acceptable, explaining 46% of the variance for social anxiety. The indirect effect of childhood interpersonal trauma on social anxiety via internalized shame was significant at the p < .05 level. The indirect effect of childhood interpersonal trauma on social anxiety through emotional clarity and internalized shame was also significant at the p < .05 level. The findings support the applicability of an EFT model for working with young adults with social anxiety. Childhood interpersonal trauma can foster a shame-ridden/defective-self scheme, leading to anxiety in social situations where perceived flaws might be ridiculed. Improving one’s emotional clarity is likely to alleviate internalized shame, consequentially reducing social anxiety.

Mouse models for metabolic health research: molecular mechanism of exercise effects on health improvement through adipose tissue remodelling.

Exercise provides health benefits to multiple metabolic tissues through complex biological pathways and interactions between organs. However, investigating these complex mechanisms in humans is still limited, making mouse models extremely useful for exploring exercise-induced changes in whole-body metabolism and health. In this review, we focus on gaining a broader understanding of the metabolic phenotypes and molecular mechanisms induced by exercise in mouse models. We first discuss the differences in adaptations induced by aerobic and resistance exercise, and compare voluntary wheel running and forced treadmill exercise, the two main methods of aerobic exercise research in mice, to show the similarities and differences between the same aerobic exercise but different methods, and their impact on experimental outcomes. The effects of exercise on metabolic phenotypes, including alleviation of obesity and metabolic disorders, and the mechanisms involved in adipose tissue remodelling and browning are explored, as well as the role of the gut microbiota in mediating the physiological responses and metabolic effects of exercise. Understanding these molecular mechanisms and methodological aspects of exercise experiments in mouse models can serve as a valuable template for the design of future basic research in exercise physiology and will provide a strong scientific evidence base for optimizing the design of exercise intervention programmes for metabolic health.

Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as a multimodal contrast enhancement agent for pre-clinical proton imaging

Orthotopic tumor models in pre-clinical translational research are becoming increasingly popular, raising the demands on accurate tumor localization prior to irradiation. This task remains challenging both in x-ray and proton computed tomography (xCT and pCT, respectively), due to the limited contrast of tumor tissue compared to the surrounding tissue. We investigate the feasibility of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as a multimodal contrast enhancement agent for both imaging modalities. We performed proton radiographies at the experimental room of the Trento Proton Therapy Center using a MiniPIX-Timepix detector and dispersions of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles in sunflower oil with mass fractions up to 8wt%. To determine the minimum nanoparticle concentration required for the detectability of small structures, pCT images of a cylindrical water phantom with cavities of varying gadolinium oxide concentration were simulated using a dedicated FLUKA Monte Carlo framework. These findings are complemented by simulating pCT at dose levels from 80 mGy to 320 mGy of artificially modified murine xCT data, mimicking different levels of gadolinium oxide accumulation inside a fictitious tumor volume. To compare the results obtained for proton imaging to x-ray imaging, cone-beam CT images of a cylindrical PMMA phantom with cavities of dispersions of oil and gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with mass fractions up to 8wt% were acquired at a commercial pre-clinical irradiation setup. For proton radiography, considerable contrast enhancement was found for a mass fraction of 4wt%. Slightly lower values were found for the simulated pCT images at imaging doses below 200 mGy. In contrast, full detectability of small gadolinium oxide loaded structures in xCT at comparable imaging dose is already achieved for 0.5wt%. Achieving such concentrations required for pCT imaging inside a tumor volume inin-vivoexperiments may be challenging, yet it might be feasible using different targeting and/or injection strategies.

Effects of fine terrain complexity on cloud and precipitation changes over the Tibetan Plateau: a modeling study

Inaccurate characterization of complex topography leads to the wet bias in climate models, particularly affecting terrain effects in regions like the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with multiple terrain datasets and introduces the terrain complexity index (TCI) to quantify the degree of terrain changes, aiming to evaluate how terrain complexity affects the cloud and precipitation processes over the TP. The results indicate that fine terrain complexity primarily causes earlier cloud formation and precipitation, resulting in more heavy precipitation on the southern slope of the TP (SSTP) and more light precipitation on the TP platform. The structure of moisture transport and microphysical processes further reveals that this promotes the formation of more medium and high clouds, increasing the proportion of solid precipitation over the SSTP. Over the TP platform, the restriction of medium and high cloud development with enhancing the proportion of low clouds for more liquid precipitation. These findings deepen the understanding of the TP’s complex terrain effect on cloud and precipitation changes in the Asian water cycle.

Understanding designers’ switching intention to AI painting tools using the PPM framework

In recent years, the emergence of artificial intelligence painting tools has significantly changed the creative activities and future development of designers, but studies specifically addressing designers’ inclinations to transition to AI painting tools are scarce. Therefore, to understand designers’ switching intentions toward AI painting tools, this study proposed a research model based on the push–pull–mooring framework. Data were collected from 320 Chinese designers and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the attractiveness of AI painting tools is the main factor that affects the designers’ intentions to switch, followed by switching costs and dissatisfaction with traditional painting tools. Moreover, perceived pleasantness increased the attractiveness of AI painting tools, and individuals’ habits greatly improved switching costs. These results provided valuable empirical evidence for the future advancement of AI painting tools. The findings of this study not only provide light on the motivations behind designers’ decisions during periods of technological change but also offer valuable references for future technological directions in the design industry and the evolution of designers’ professional roles. Furthermore, it provides important recommendations for AI painting tool developers, emphasizing the need to enhance the tools’ creativity and appeal.

Comprehensive review of animal models in diabetes research using chemical agents.

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and impaired insulin efficacy, disrupts carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. The global diabetic population is expected to double by 2025, from 380 million, posing a significant health challenge. Most diabetic individuals fall into the type 1 or type 2 categories, and diabetes adversely affects various organs, such as the kidneys, liver, nervous system, reproductive system, and eyes.This review focuses on animal models of diabetes induced by chemical agents, which are essential tools for understanding disease mechanisms, investigating complications, and testing antidiabetic drugs. Models include those caused by streptozotocin (STZ), alloxan, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), dithizone, and anti-insulin serum.Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes models create type 1 and 2 diabetes by destroying pancreatic beta cells. The combination of STZ with nicotinamide mimics type 2 diabetes phenotypes. Alloxan induces a hyperglycemic state by causing free radical formation that selectively destroys pancreatic beta cells. Fe-NTA and dithizone also create diabetes models by damaging pancreatic beta cells. Anti-insulin serum models induce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia by generating antibodies against insulin receptors, leading to a condition similar to type 1 diabetes.Each model has unique characteristics that make it suitable for different aspects of diabetes research. These models are used to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes, develop new treatment strategies, and evaluate the efficacy of potential drugs.

Indian Millennials’ continued usage intentions toward online dating apps: the interplay between trust and perceived autonomy

Purpose This study aims to empirically examine the role of privacy, security, trust and autonomy in Millennials’ continued use of online dating applications. Emerging markets have been famous for their rapid modernization, growth and cultural shifts. Yet, consumer worries about online dating consumption need to be addressed in the literature through a better understanding of their behavioural intentions. This study examines the interplay of the underlying variables by testing a conceptual framework grounded on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), the self-determination theory (SDT) and the information systems continuance theory (ISCT) with regard to an emerging market. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional and quantitative research design is adopted. Using a well-designed structured questionnaire adapted from established scales, data was collected through a survey featuring 332 substantive responses from actively involved Millennial users of online dating apps in India. The data was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) through IBM SPSS AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) 24.0 to provide evidence of the reliability and validity of constructs alongside testing the hypothesis in the proposed model. Furthermore, Preacher and Hayes’ (2004) approach is used to explore mediation effects. Findings The results show that autonomy and trust positively affect the continued use of online dating apps. The study further reveals that autonomous behaviour motivates Millennials to use online dating apps, overriding their concerns for privacy and security. Furthermore, the results indicate that trust fully mediates the relationship between concern for privacy, perceived security and continued usage intention. Therefore, trust affects users’ intentions to continue using online dating apps as it bridges the effect of users’ concern for privacy and the perceived security in the online dating platform, making these dimensions relevant as a whole. Research limitations/implications This study provides critical insights into the theory and practice. The findings demonstrate that autonomy is more significant in motivating Millennials to use online dating apps than concerns about privacy and perceptions of security. In addition, trust plays a crucial role in mediating the relationship between these variables. Therefore, app developers, app marketers and app stores can use the findings to motivate Millennials to continue using their platforms by encouraging a sense of freedom and a better inner self, fostering engagement and conveying user trust. Originality/value Several studies have investigated the pre-adoption behaviour of users of online dating apps, and little attention has been paid to continuance usage. This study provides a unique theoretical research model and perspective for online dating apps that uncovers the role of concern for privacy, perceived security and trust that affect post-adoption behaviour by integrating the TRA, SDT and ISCT. This integration offers a more futuristic and refined perspective on human behaviour by considering both cognitive and motivational aspects. The study establishes that autonomy outweighs concern for privacy and perceived security.

The role of visuals in the perceptions of risk and of self-efficacy and the behaviors towards the pandemic of Covid-19

The Covid-19 has spread rapidly, becoming a global health crisis. In crises, especially in public health problems such as a pandemic, it is important to reach the target audience effectively. In this process, the use of visuals helps to convey risk messages effectively. To control the pandemic and prevent its spread, individuals’ risk perception, self-efficacy and behaviors towards the pandemic are of great importance. The aim of this study is to measure how the visuals those individuals are exposed to about the Covid-19 pandemic affect their perceived risk level and self-efficacy, and how these relationships direct their behavior towards the pandemic. For the implementation of the study, data were collected from 410 people working in public institutions, in Türkiye. Structural equation modeling, t-test and Anova techniques analyzed the data collected in the survey conducted in the survey model. According to the research results, gender and educational status significantly affect employees’ attention to visuals and risk perception. According to the results of the research model, the research factors affect each other positively. Individuals’ interest in visuals increases their perceived risk and self-efficacy perceptions. Perceived risk and self efficacy for the epidemic, on the other hand, affect their behavior towards the epidemic.

Gastric Cancer Models Developed via GelMA 3D Bioprinting Accurately Mimic Cancer Hallmarks, Tumor Microenvironment Features, and Drug Responses.

Current in vitro models for gastric cancer research, such as 2D cell cultures and organoid systems, often fail to replicate the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) found in vivo. For the first time, this study utilizes a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a biomimetic ECM-like material, in 3D bioprinting to construct a physiologically relevant gastric cancer model. GelMA's tunable mechanical properties allow for the precise manipulation of cellular behavior within physiological ranges. Genetic and phenotypic analyses indicate that the 3D bioprinted GelMA (3Db) model accurately mimics the clinical tumor characteristics and reproduces key cancer hallmarks, such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and the Warburg effect. Comparisons of gene expression and drug responses between the 3Db model and patient-derived xenograft models, both constructed from primary gastric cancer cells, validate the model's clinical relevance. The ability of the 3Db model to closely simulate in vivo conditions highlights its crucial role in identifying treatment targets and predicting patient-specific responses, showcasing its potential in high-throughput drug screening and clinical applications. This study is the first to report the pivotal role of GelMA-based 3D bioprinting in advancing gastric cancer research and regenerative medicine.

The Weather On-Demand Framework

This paper describes the Weather On-Demand (WOD) forecasting framework which is a software stack used to run operational and on-demand weather forecasts. The WOD framework is a distributed system for the following: (1) running the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model for data assimilation and forecasts by triggering either scheduled or on-demand jobs; (2) gathering upstream weather forecasts and observations from a wide variety of sources; (3) reducing output data file sizes for permanent storage; (4) making results available through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs); (5) making data files available to custom post-processors. Much effort is put into starting processing as soon as the required data become available, and in parallel where possible. In addition to being able to create short- to medium-range weather forecasts for any location on the globe, users are granted access to a plethora of both global and regional weather forecasts and observations, as well as seasonal outlooks from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the USA through WOD integrated-APIs. All this information can be integrated with third-party software solutions via WOD APIs. The software is maintained in the Git distributed version control system and can be installed on suitable hardware, bringing the full flexibility and power of the WRF modelling system to the user in a matter of hours.