Parallel Model Research Articles

SBAE Induction-Year Teachers’ Self-Perceived Professional Development Needs: A Mixed Methods Study

School-based agricultural education (SBAE), like many other subject areas, suffers from a critical teacher shortage. Many states have chosen to combat this shortage by offering temporary emergency teaching certifications with minimal qualifications and no requirements for professional development. Retention is also needed to stem the flow of novice teachers exiting the profession. Induction support through professional development is a necessary component to teacher retention. The purpose of this study was to explore the self-perceived professional development needs of Oklahoma SBAE induction-year teachers using mixed methodologies. Using a convergent parallel model, preexisting instruments were used to gather Oklahoma induction-year SBAE teachers’ (N = 29) sense of self-efficacy. From this population, five case study participants were selected for the qualitative phase. Interview transcripts were collected during two site visits to each case study participant. The areas of professional development needs varied widely between individuals. Personal, environmental, and behavioral factors played a part in determining the professional development needs for each SBAE induction-year teacher. Therefore, it is recommended professional development be tailored to the individual induction-year teacher. Mentoring and online resource banks have the potential to provide the necessary individualized professional development support of SBAE induction-year teachers.

Neighborhood disorder and social cohesion: A longitudinal investigation of links with maternal cardiometabolic risk one year postpartum.

Neighborhood characteristics can influence cardiometabolic health, including during the perinatal period. However, maternal health research has largely examined the influence of objective neighborhood measures, limiting insights into psychological and social processes. We examined associations of perceived neighborhood disorder and social cohesion with maternal cardiometabolic risk 1year postpartum and explored potential pathways of psychological distress and physical activity. A predominantly low-income sample of Black, Latina, and White postpartum women (n=987) were participants in the Community Child Health Network study. Women reported on neighborhood characteristics at 1month postpartum and on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder and physical activity at 6months postpartum. Biometrics and biological samples were collected at 1year postpartum, including blood pressure, height, weight, and dried blood spots for cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g., C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin). In this pre-registered study, we used structural equation modeling to estimate latent variables for disorder, social cohesion, distress, physical activity, and cardiometabolic risk. We fit a parallel mediation model to test associations between latent neighborhood factors at 1month postpartum, distress and physical activity at 6months postpartum, and cardiometabolic risk at 1year postpartum. Greater social cohesion, but not disorder, was significantly associated with lower distress and greater physical activity. However, there were no significant associations between disorder or social cohesion with subsequent cardiometabolic risk nor evidence for indirect effects of distress or physical activity. Results suggest that social cohesion may be more pertinent than disorder for health-relevant behavioral mechanisms in postpartum women.

Destructive Self-Leadership? Self-Leadership, Maladaptive Coping, and Stress in College Students.

Prior research has examined self-leadership as a proactive self-regulatory approach for the management of stress and anxiety in college students. However, little is known about the possible negative effects of self-regulatory approaches such as self-leadership. Using the transactional model of stress and coping and the interaction model of stress, anxiety, and coping as theoretical frameworks, this study investigates a parallel multiple mediation model of the relationship between self-leadership and state anxiety as mediated by adaptive coping behaviours and maladaptive coping behaviours in a sample of 143 undergraduate students. Results suggest that self-leadership, paradoxically, is positively related to both adaptive coping behaviours and maladaptive coping behaviours in students. Moreover, the magnitude and significance of the indirect effects of self-leadership on state anxiety through maladaptive coping behaviours are greater than the indirect effects of self-leadership through adaptive coping behaviours. This study is therefore the first to identify possible detrimental effects of self-leadership on individual outcomes, that is, destructive self-leadership. Implications, both theoretical and practical, are discussed along with limitations and directions for future research.

Temperature evolution and thermoelastic behavior of epoxy-impregnated REBCO HTS composite coils studied using a heat-force bi-directional coupling quench model

Quench and mechanical behavior are the key issues for the safe operation of epoxy-impregnated (Re)Ba2Cu3Ox (REBCO) pancake coil. The contribution of strain energy to the temperature field during heat propagation and the effect of temperature changes on the mechanical behaviour in the force field are considered. In the paper, the bi-directional coupling differential equations of heat conduction and elastic equilibrium are proposed, and their bi-directional coupling solution is realized using finite element method. The model is not based on homogenization assumption considering separately the anisotropic characteristics of each layer in a REBCO composite tape. In addition, the REBCO tape after quench is defined as a parallel circuit model in the finite element model. During the quench, the current is distributed between the superconducting (REBCO) and metal (copper, silver and Hastelloy) layers according to their resistance. The results show that for the self-field conditions, the strain-energy contribution that is taken into account in the heat-force bi-directional coupling model causes a 3 % smaller overall temperature of the coil, which is still necessary to consider for the quench behavior of highly sensitive superconducting coils. Another important result is that thermal stresses are the major contribution to the internal stress state of the coil in self-field, whereas under the background magnetic field of 5 T, the radial stress inside the coil has reached the strength range of peeling delamination.

Frequency domain nuances guided parallel transformer model for industrial anomaly localization

Frequency domain nuances guided parallel transformer model for industrial anomaly localization

Influencing Factors' Analysis for the Performance of Parallel Evolutionary Test Case Generation for Web Applications

ABSTRACTEvolutionary test case generation plays a vital role in ensuring software quality and reliability. Since Web applications involve a large number of interactions between client and server, the dynamic evolutionary test case generation is very time‐consuming, which makes it difficult to apply in actual projects. Obviously, parallelization provides a feasible way to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of evolutionary test generation. In our previous research, the idea of parallelism has been introduced into the evolutionary test generation for Web applications. However, its performance is affected by many factors, such as migration scale, migration frequency, the number of browser processes and subpopulations, and so on. The analysis of influencing factors can guide enhancing the performance of evolutionary test generation. For this reason, this paper analyzes the factors that influence parallel evolutionary algorithms and how they affect the performance of test generation for Web applications. At the same time, different parallel evolutionary test generation methods are designed and implemented. Experiments are conducted on open‐source Web applications to generate test cases that meet the server‐side sensitive paths coverage criterion, providing guidance and suggestions for the parameter setting of parallel evolutionary test case generation for Web applications. The experimental results show that (1) compared with the global parallelization model, the evolutionary algorithm based on the parallel island model has a greater improvement in test case generation performance. In more detail, when generating test cases with the same server‐side sensitive paths coverage, the number of iterations required is reduced by 49.6%, and the time cost is reduced by 58.7%; (2) for the test case generation based on the parallel island model, if the migration scale is large, appropriately increasing the migration frequency can reduce its time cost; (3) if the number of subpopulations is fixed, appropriately increasing the number of browser processes can reduce the time cost of Web application test case evolution, but the number of browser processes should not be too large; otherwise, it may increase the time cost.

Tax knowledge and tax compliance of the small and medium enterprises in Vietnam

This research explored the motivations, behaviors, and consequences of tax non-compliance and aimed to provide empirical evidence to evaluate the impact of tax knowledge, perceived non-tax opportunity and felt tax loss on tax compliance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A quantitative approach on a panel of 326 SMEs through SEM linear structural model analysis using SmartPLS software. The hypotheses were tested in a parallel mediation model. The perceived non-tax opportunity and felt tax loss, in contrast to tax knowledge, negatively affect taxpayers’ behavior and tax-compliance level. The two mediators, i.e., perceived non-tax opportunity and felt tax loss, create an indirect relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance. Without the two mediators, there is no relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance. The study also added evidence in supporting the view that tax compliance behavior depends on both personal (economic) and social motivations. Furthermore, in the disadvantage case, prospect theory is more suitable to explain tax non-compliance behavior than deterrence theory and vice versa.

Quality Grading of Oudemansiella raphanipes Using Three-Teacher Knowledge Distillation with Cascaded Structure for LightWeight Neural Networks

Oudemansiella raphanipes is valued for its rich nutritional content and medicinal properties, but traditional manual grading methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this, deep learning techniques are employed to automate the grading process, and knowledge distillation (KD) is used to enhance the accuracy of a small-parameter model while maintaining a low resource occupation and fast response speed in resource-limited devices. This study employs a three-teacher KD framework and investigates three cascaded structures: the parallel model, the standard series model, and the series model with residual connections (residual-series model). The student model used is a lightweight ShuffleNet V2 0.5x, while the teacher models are VGG16, ResNet50, and Xception. Our experiments show that the cascaded structures result in improved performance indices, compared with the traditional ensemble model with equal weights; in particular, the residual-series model outperforms the other models, achieving a grading accuracy of 99.7% on the testing dataset with an average inference time of 5.51 ms. The findings of this study have the potential for broader application of KD in resource-limited environments for automated quality grading.

Linearization of Photovoltaic Cell Single Diode Equivalent Circuit Model Using Piecewise Linear Parallel Branches Model and Findin Fill Factor

In this article, the linearization and analysis of the Photovoltaic (PV) cell single diode equivalent circuit model have been performed. The diode element in the PV cell equivalent circuit model is a nonlinear component. The nonlinear PV cell single diode model has been linearized using the piecewise linear parallel branches model. In addition, the maximum power and fill factor (FF) of the PV cell have been determined based on the equivalent circuit parameters. Thevenin theorem was used in this analysis process. For this theorem to apply, the circuit must have a linear characteristic. The linearization of the nonlinear diode element has been achieved through the piecewise linear parallel branches model (PLPBM). In practice, the aim is to transfer the maximum power (Pmax) from the PV cell. Another important parameter of the PV solar cell is the FF. The FF is used to describe the general behavior of a solar PV cell. This factor is used to determine the quality of the solar PV cell. The FF provides information about the quality and efficiency of the solar cell. In a low FF scenario, the value of the series resistance is high, while the value of the parallel resistance is low. The FF of typical PV cells ranges between 50% and 82%. In the analysis conducted in the article, the FF of the PV solar cell was found to be 74%.

Trajectory changes and temporal priorities between depressive symptoms and social participation: A longitudinal study.

Depressive symptoms and social participation are important factors influencing the health of older persons. Further research is needed to understand the interaction between these two variables. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Social Participation Questionnaire were employed to assess depressive symptoms and social participation. A latent growth model (LGM) was used to investigate changes in the trajectories of variables. The parallel process latent growth model (PP-LGM) and autoregressive cross-lagged model (ARCL) determined whether correlations existed. Older persons' depressive symptoms worsened while their level of social participation decreased. The intercept of depressive symptoms was negatively correlated with the slope of social participation(r=-0.133, p = 0.011). The slope of depressive symptoms and social participation were positively correlated(r = 0.444, p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms at earlier time points predicted later social participation(β1=-0.025, p1=0.032, β2=-0.040, p2=0.001). There are dynamic changes and correlations between depressive symptoms and social participation in older persons.

Exploring the mediating role of metacognitions in the link between somatosensory amplification and health anxiety among college students

Purpose Health anxiety is a multidimensional trait characterized by a predominant fear of having a serious illness. This study aims to examine the impact of somatosensory amplification on health anxiety and explores the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs. Design/methodology/approach Participants (n = 307) were recruited online from university students to complete the measures of health anxiety (C-HAQ), metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-HA) and somatosensory amplification (SSAS). Findings The results suggest that somatosensory amplification is a significant predictor of health anxiety. Each of the three dimensions of metacognition partially mediated the effect of somatosensory amplification on health anxiety. In the parallel mediation model, two metacognitive beliefs partially mediated the relationship between somatosensory amplification and health anxiety, while the mediation effect of biased thinking beliefs did not reach significance. In summary, individuals with a higher tendency toward somatosensory amplification exhibit more health anxiety-related metacognitions and subsequently experience higher levels of health anxiety, supporting the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model. Originality/value This study validates the importance of metacognition in the maintenance and development of health anxiety, demonstrating the utility of metacognitive therapy for individuals experiencing health anxiety.

Exposome-wide association study of cognition among older adults in the national health and nutrition examination survey

Abstract Cognitive impairment among older adults is a growing public health challenge and environmental chemicals may be modifiable risk factors. A wide array of chemicals has not yet been tested for association with cognition in an environment-wide association framework. In the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 - 2000 and 2011 - 2014 cross-sectional cycles, cognition was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, scores 0 - 117) among participants aged 60 years and older. Concentrations of environmental chemicals measured in blood or urine were log2 transformed and standardized. Chemicals with at least 50% of measures above the lower limit of detection were included (nchemicals=147, nclasses=14). We tested for associations between chemical concentrations and cognition using parallel survey-weighted multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, fish consumption, cycle year, urinary creatinine, and cotinine. Participants with at least one chemical measurement (n = 4,982) were mean age 69.8 years, 55.0% female, 78.2% non-Hispanic White, and 77.0% at least high school educated. The mean DSST score was 50.4 (standard deviation (SD)=17.4). In adjusted analyses, 5 of 147 exposures were associated with DSST at P-value &amp;lt; 0.01. Notably, a SD increase in log2-scaled cotinine concentration was associated with 2.71 points lower DSST score (95% CI -3.69, -1.73). A SD increase in log2-scaled urinary tungsten concentration was associated with 1.34 points lower DSST score (95% CI -2.11, -0.56). Exposure to environmental chemicals, particularly metals and tobacco smoke, may be modifiable factors for cognition among older adults.

Dragons in Action: Psychological Barriers as Mediators of the Relationship Between Environmental Value Orientation and Pro‐Environmental Behaviour

ABSTRACTThis study investigates to what extent the ‘green gap,’ that is, the disconnection between environmental values and pro‐environmental behaviour, can be explained by various perceived psychological barriers. A large representative sample of Slovak participants (N = 1233) filled in several measures of environmental value orientation, perceived psychological barriers and self‐reported pro‐environmental behaviour. The parallel mediation models revealed that environmental value orientation predicts engagement in pro‐environmental behaviour, and this relationship is partially mediated by certain psychological barriers, yet the role of the specific barriers varied substantially with different types of behaviour. Overall, however, the explained variance in pro‐environmental behaviour was relatively modest (up to 31%), suggesting the presence of other important social, psychological, and structural variables as predictors in this regard. Our findings emphasize the intricate role of psychological barriers and demographic factors in shaping environmental actions. Understanding these complexities can help design targeted interventions to bridge the ‘green gap’ effectively.

Monotonicity of the period function of periodic standing waves for nearly parallel vortex filaments model

The periodic standing waves of a nearly parallel vortex filaments model are studied. By the transformation of variables, the vortex filaments model can be reduced to a planar Hamiltonian system whose Hamiltonian function includes a logarithm term and a negative power term. We successfully handle the logarithm term in the study of the monotonicity of the period function of periodic solutions. It is proved that the period function is increasing in energy on a certain interval. Moreover, the asymptotic behaviour of the period function is revealed. The numerical simulation is made and the result is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Our results extend the studies on the dynamic behaviour of some periodic solutions.

Determination of Equilibrium Loading by Empirical Models for the Modeling of Breakthrough Curves in a Fixed-Bed Column: From Experience to Practice

Empirical models have been found to be inadequate in both accounting for breakthrough behaviors and reflecting the performance of fixed-bed systems, primarily due to their lack of a robust theoretical foundation. This limitation severely restricts their practical application. To address this difficulty, the adjustable parameters of six empirical models were first determined using the Levenberg–Marquardt iteration algorithm. The fitting quality of these models was subsequently evaluated by several error statistics, including the reduced chi-square (χ2), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj. R2), residual sum of squares (RSS) and root of mean squared error (RMSE). In addition, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were employed to further compare these empirical models with the different parameters. The equilibrium loading, breakthrough capacity and saturation capacity were then solved by the int command of MATLAB 2023b software. Meanwhile, the breakthrough time and saturation time were determined by its fzero command. Regardless of whether empirical or mechanistic models were used, the model with the asymmetric S-shaped curve could well describe the measured breakthrough curves. Based on the parallel sigmoidal model, the predicted equilibrium loadings were 101.11, 116.69 and 129.50 mg g−1, respectively, at adsorbent masses of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 g. This study aimed to conveniently obtain the critical process parameters through MATLAB software using empirical breakthrough models, thereby providing reliable information for the design and optimization of fixed-bed adsorbers.

Islamic Financing Policy Scenario in the Agricultural Sector: Interpretative Structural Model Approach

Access to capital for farmers requires the intermediation function of Islamic financing amidst high business risks. The research aims to identify the appropriate construction of Islamic financing products in the agricultural sector to increase access to capital in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. The research method uses the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) Analysis model. The study of Islamic agricultural financing was carried out with 3 structural elements namely purposes, constraints and policy recommendations. The findings of the research results establish 3 policy clusters. First, the construction of a parallel greeting contract model between Islamic Banking, Rice Mills, and Agents in the Warehouse Receipt System scheme. Second, strengthening farmers' access to Islamic financial institutions and adjusting Sharia financial contracts in farming capital at the central and regional levels. Third, Islamic Cooperative microfinance institutions and financial arrangements for Islamic financing in the agricultural sector. This research recommendation provides valuable insights and practical solutions for implementing Islamic financial products with an agribusiness system approach based on feasibility studies of financial arrangements and risk mitigation for agricultural financing.

A novel harmonic resonance prevention measure for railway power conditioner–network–train interaction system

Abstract The integration of a large number of power electronic converters, such as railway power conditioner (RPC), introduces a series of problems, including harmonic interaction, stability issues, and wideband resonance, into the railway power supply system. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel harmonic resonance prevention measure for RPC–network–train interaction system. Firstly, a harmonic model, a parallel resonance impedance model, a series resonance admittance model, and a control stability model are each established for the RPC–network–train interaction system. Secondly, a comprehensive resonance impact factor (CRIF) is proposed to efficiently and accurately identify the key components affecting resonance, and to provide the selection results of optimization parameters for resonance prevention. Next, the initially selected parameters are constrained by the requirements of ripple current, reactive power and stability. Subsequently, the impedance parameters (control parameters and filter parameters) of the RPC are optimized with the objective of reshaping the parallel resonance impedance and series resonance admittance of the RPC–network–train interaction system, ensuring the output current harmonics of RPC meet standards to achieve resonance prevention, while ensuring the stable operation of the RPC. Finally, the proposed resonance prevention measure is verified under both light load and heavy load conditions using a simulation platform and a hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform.

Research on ACC Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles Considering Cut-in Behavior

Background: Current adaptive cruise control systems primarily focus on the main target vehicle in the primary lane. However, there may be a delay in updating their targets after a side vehicle merges. This delay can impede the effective utilization of driving data from merging side vehicles, resulting in delayed responses and an increased risk of collision. Objective: Aiming at the problem of untimely control of traditional adaptive cruise control systems in cut-in scenarios, the authors establish a parallel model and collision analysis and design the control strategy of adaptive cruise under parallel behavior to improve the safety, following, and comfort of ACC. Methods: Initially, the vehicle model provided by CarSim is utilized and the power system parameters are adjusted to match the dynamic performance index. The permanent magnet synchronous motor model is then simplified to create an electric vehicle model. Following this, the cruise control system is designed using a PID control method, incorporating a hierarchical control structure. Simultaneously, a cut-in model characterized by sinusoidal acceleration is established, and a collision avoidance strategy based on cut-in behavior is formulated. Building on this foundation, an adaptive cruise control strategy is developed that takes cut-in behavior into account. Results: A test scenario utilizing the CarSim and Simulink co-simulation platforms was developed to simulate and validate the conditions for mode switching and lane cut-in. The ACC system, considering cut-in behavior recognition, demonstrated an ability to control the lead vehicle approximately 1 second earlier than traditional ACC systems. Notably, the distance error improved from - 0.1039 m to 0.040 m, the absolute value of velocity error decreased from 2.65 m/s to 2.02 m/s, the absolute value of main vehicle acceleration reduced by 34%, and the jerk response in acceleration diminished by approximately 14%. Conclusion: The proposed multi-objective cooperative adaptive cruise control system, which considers cut-in behavior, is effective.

The impact of platform leadership on employee deviant innovation in digital transformation enterprises

Platform leadership (PL) has been increasing in digital transformation enterprises. This study explores the effects, pathways, and boundary conditions of PL on employee deviant innovation (EDI). In this study, 444 valid questionnaires were collected from ten digital transformation enterprises. Using conservation of resources theory and digital leadership theory, we built a parallel mediation model in which PL influenced EDI through psychological safety (PS) and creative self-efficacy (CSE), and verified the moderating effect of digital leadership (DL). The empirical results are as follows: (1) PL positively impacts EDI. (2) PL positively influences PS and CSE. (3) PS and CSE positively contribute to EDI. (4) PS and CSE mediate the relationship between PL and EDI. (5) DL moderates the relationship between PL and EDI, as well as between CSE and EDI. This study departs from traditional leadership theories by examining a new leadership style, PL, to inspire deviant innovation behavior among employees in digital transformation enterprises. This reveals the influencing mechanisms and provides new theoretical support for leadership and innovation management.

Co-occurring Change in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and Cigarette Harm Perceptions and Use in Young Adults.

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may contribute to cigarette use and nicotine addiction by shifting perceptions and norms around tobacco, but little is known about whether or how ENDS use and norms are related to cigarette use and norms, particularly among young adults. This study tested two potential mechanisms by which END use may facilitate cigarette use: decreasing tobacco harm perceptions (desensitization) and increasing favorability of tobacco use (renormalization). Analyses included data from 2187 young adults in a longitudinal panel who reported any ENDS or combustible cigarette use at ages 21, 23, or 26. The sample was 53.6% male, 19.3% Hispanic, and 68.0% white. Parallel process latent growth models were fitted to test how change in ENDS use and harm perceptions about ENDS use co-occurred with change in cigarette use and harm perceptions about cigarette use across a 6-year period from ages 21, 23, and 26 (years 2014-2019). When ENDS harm perceptions decreased and ENDS use increased, cigarette harm perceptions decreased and favorability of cigarettes increased. Decreases in ENDS harm perception were differentially associated with likelihood of transition to cigarette use (an increase) and frequency of use when it occurred (a decrease). Changing tobacco harm perceptions and favorability are two processes by which ENDS use may underlie transitions to cigarette use. Tobacco prevention messaging should emphasize the potential harms of ENDS use that could occur through shifting tobacco perceptions, especially among young adults who are not already frequent cigarette smokers. Increasing favorability of ENDS (and increased ENDS use) may generalize to combustible cigarettes. Continued use of ENDS can increase risk of cigarette use when this exposure desensitizes nonsmoking young adults from the dangers of smoking and renormalizes pro-tobacco attitudes. Findings suggest that prevention messaging around tobacco products should emphasize the potential harms of ENDS use (including the increased likelihood of cigarette use after initiating ENDS), especially among young adults who are not already frequent cigarette smokers.