4D Models Research Articles

Presenting Materials About Static Electricity with Video Based Demonstration: A Feasibility of Learning Media

This study is motivated by the finding that there is a lack of learning media in the learning process. This study aims to develop a valid and practical demonstration-based learning video media on static electricity in the fourth grade of elementary school. This study applies 4D modeling, namely (1) define or define; (2) design or design; (3) develop or development; and (4) disseminate or spread. This study involved two material experts, two media experts, two practitioners, and five students. This study uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis methods. Data collection methods used are questionnaires or questionnaires and interviews. The average result of the validity of demonstration-based learning videos from material experts is 96.5% very good category, 96% of media experts in the very good category, 97.5% of practitioners in are very good category, and 96.8% of student responses are very good category. These results align with the study's aim to obtain learning media that pass the validity test. It was concluded that demonstration-based learning video media on static electricity were valid and suitable for use in learning activities in fourth-grade elementary school.

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Model Anchored Instruction Berbantuan Video Berbasis PhET Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Materi Dinamika Partikel Peserta Didik


 
 
 
 Abstract: This study aims to describe the level of validity and reliability of learning devices developed using an anchored instruction model using PhET-based video to improve students' mastery of concepts in particle dynamics material. The type of research used is research and development (Research and Development) with the research design developed is 4D Models. The subject of this research is a learning device based on the anchored interaction model using PhET-based video to improve students' mastery of concepts in particle dynamics material. Data collection in the study used a validation sheet which was assessed by 3 expert validators consisting of 3 physics education lecturers, FKIP UNRAM. The validated learning tools include the syllabus, lesson plans, LKPD, concept mastery tests and media (learning videos). The validity test was carried out to determine the feasibility of the learning device. The data from the validity results obtained that the average value of the validity of the learning devices was in the valid category with a validity level of 3.21. Reliability test, the average result of the interval reliability coefficient is 92% with a reliable category. The conclusion is that the learning tools developed are valid and reliable for use in learning activities.
 
 Keywords: Development of learning tools, anchored instraction model, learning videos, concept mastery.
 
 
 

Digital core reconstruction research: challenges and prospects

ABSTRACT In this review we have briefly reviewed the state of the art of “digital core” technology. In particular, we reviewed the main artefacts that can occur in the analysis of rocks by computed X-ray microtomography. Next, we highlighted the existing approaches of direct mathematical modelling of core filtration characteristics using digital model and poroset models. Literature analysis has shown that the most justified in the ratio of required technical resources (computer power) and reliability of results is the integrated approach. Unfortunately, when calculating phase permeabilities using digital core models, it is necessary to calibrate simulation results using standard laboratory methods. We also analysed some approaches to modelling enhanced oil recovery methods such as hydrochloric acid and hydraulic fracturing, as well as thermal stimulation of oil matrix rocks. In conclusion, we noted that the main challenge of today’s “digital core” technology is reliable calculation of phase permeabilities, and further development of the technology should be towards 4D modelling of EOR methods using digital core models.

Development of Physics E-book Based on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) on Thermodynamic Laws Topic

This research was developmental research with aims to develop, knowing validity and practicability of thermodynamics e-book based on TPACK. This research was using 4D models and did only as far as develop step. The result based on 4D model steps were (1) Define produces task analysis to fulfil 21st century skill, (2) Design produces 2 product which are teacher book and student book, (3) Develop step produces result of validation and the last product (e-book/flipbook for teacher and student). Expert validation showed the teaching instructional material is valid, learning planning is valid, Content Representation is valid, and e-book is valid. 89,5% students responded this e-book very interesting. This e-book can be said quite practically. Limited trial and small experiment were carried out in one of class in senior high school of one Ngoro Mojokerto and concluded that the increase in the stabilization of sub-topic introduction to Temperature and the Thermodynamics Zero Low is high through the activity of comparing (Let’s Compare). Students can learn thermodynamics by keeping up with science and technology developments by this e-book. The practical benefit is helping the success of learning process carried out at school and home because e-books are provided in 2 forms, teacher book and student book.

Development of the CTL-based PPKn Module to Improve Student Learning Independence

This study aims to: (1) determine the feasibility of the CTL-based PPKn module; (2) determine the effectiveness of using the CTL-based PPKn module to increase student learning independence. This research is a development research with 4D models by Thiagarajan with four stages, namely Definition, Design, Development, and Disseminate. The trial design used was One Group Pretest-Posttest Design with sample of 25 students. The CTL-based PPKn module was declared very suitable to be used as a learning resource with the results of material expert validation by 90.63%, design expert validation by 93.75%, and linguist validation by 96.88%. The results of the N-Gain Score test are 0.72 so that the CTL-based PPKn module is effective for increasing student learning independence.

Development of E-Supplement Teaching Materials Physics Based On Flipbook in Balogo Traditional Games

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity that is spread in every region, one of which is traditional games. The existence of traditional game from time to time began to eroded and forgotten among children. Along with the development of the times, educators must follow the development of existing technology and not forget the cultural values of the local area. The existence of traditional games can be maintained by introducing and integrating them into learning through teaching materials. Therefore, this research is focused on the development of e-suplement teaching materials physics based on flipbook in balogo traditional games. This research aim to determine the validity and feasibility of e-suplement teaching materials physics based on flipbook in balogo traditional games. This research uses the research and development method od 3D models (define, design and develop) modified Thiagarajan’s 4D models. The results of research indicates that e-suplement teaching materials physics based on flipbook in balogo traditional games is very good with validity 91,36%. The concluded is e-suplement teaching materials physics based on flipbook in balogo traditional games valid and very feasible for use in learning.

Bridging the gap between building information modelling education and practice: a competency-based education perspective

This study reports a case study that investigates the gap between BIM tertiary education and the building industry’s needs in New Zealand (NZ). In specific, it aims to (1) identify the industry’s requirements on BIM competencies, (2) examine the status quo of BIM tertiary education in NZ, and (3) identify and analyse the gaps between current BIM education and the industry’s needs. Data were collected through BIM job advertisement to identify the industry’s requirements of BIM competencies and top BIM uses. Data of thirty-three courses were also collected from nine tertiary institutions. Results indicated that there were discrepancies between the type and level (i.e. cognitive levels) of BIM competencies. It was indicated that missing links existed in almost all BIM uses that were taught, except 4D modelling. A large proportion of learning outcomes were focused on ‘understanding’ for several BIM uses, while NZ BIM Handbook requires higher levels of application and evaluation. To bridge the gaps, core competence sets should be determined by disciplines. BIM competencies can also be classified based on BIM uses, BIM processes and phases, and project roles. This paper proposed a conceptual framework, which suggests the way ahead towards future competency-based BIM education.

IMPLEMENTASI BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING 4D (Studi Kasus: Proyek Lanjutan Pembangunan Gedung Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Tapin)

Advanced Project of the Tapin District Secretariat Office Building located on Jalan Datu Suban, North Tapin, South Kalimantan is a reinforced concrete building project that only applies manual scheduling which is present in the form of S Curve. PUPR Ministerial Regulation Number 9 of 2021 states that every project should be based on Building Information Modeling (BIM). Therefore, this research discusses about the implementation of 4D BIM (scheduling) using Tekla on the advanced Project of the Tapin District Secretariat Office Building using Tekla to determine the use of BIM on scheduling obtained from contractors. This research method started from studying the software and the object to be modeled, collecting the data such as as-build, S Curve, budget plan. Data processing started from 3D modeling using Tekla Structures 2020, scheduling with Tekla Task Manager, and then 4D modeling with object representation. Scheduling made from the Budget Plan, S Curve, and interviews of related parties were input into the Tekla Task Manager with dependencies which were applied into the bar chart. The 4D model is created using the visual logic with the integration of the 3D model created by scheduling, the development planning stages can be displayed according to the reviewed date. It was concluded that Tekla Structures can be applied in scheduling the advanced project for the construction of the Tapin District Secretariat Office Building. Keywords: Scheduling, Tekla Structures, Tekla Task Manager, 4D Model, Advanced Project.

Development of Puzzle Learning Media to Introduce the Types of Animals Based on Their Breeding Methods in Grade 3 Students at SDN Catakgayam 1

Success in learning depends on the skills of teachers who manage learning activities. There is a new syllabus in the world of Indonesian education, namely thematic. Thematic is a learning method that presents various lessons into a subject that has a subject process with one theme and is adapted to student development (Diani, 2017: 105). Therefore, when using thematic applied teaching in primary schools, teachers should use tools to provide a variety of teaching materials. However, SDN Catak Gayam 1 Mojowarno in its teaching staff is still not varied when teaching during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to develop a puzzle learning media to introduce the types of animals based on their breeding methods. This type of research is research and development using 4D models. The data was obtained by using a questionnaire/questionnaire and the observation of the research results produced a product in the form of puzzle learning media. The eligibility of puzzle media is included in the criteria, with an average score or score 91% and the effectiveness of the puzzle media can be seen from the results of the observation sheet during learning which is assessed by the class teacher and gets a percentage of 88% containing the very effective category.

DEVELOPING CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS IN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF PNM

This research was aimed to develop CCU materials for students of English Department. This materials was hoped could support students needs and it cound be link and match with workforce and industry. So that the students can get the benefits maximally especially in understanding intercultural communication and communication skills in Cross Cultural Understanding course. This research applied research and development as explained by Thiagarajan (1974). He defined that Research and Development was a research method which use 4D models those are Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. The research showed that in the define stage it was counducted need analysis towards 29 students by sharing questionnaires to know the indicator of learning objectives based on learning outcome. In the design stage, the CCU materials contains 10 chapters, 170 pages. The next stage was development, it was aimed to produce a textbook which was based on students need and by using problem solving skills. There were two steps namely expert validation or judgement and product testing. After conducting the limited test and implementation of the product, then we come to the last stages that is disseminates. In this stage, researcher disseminate the product to the users of the textbook. Before that there were some steps which had been done, first contacting the publisher of the book to get ISBN. Then the second one was after getting ISBN the textbook was ready to be copied and shares to the users.

Alkali-silica reaction – a multidisciplinary approach

In the last four years, a multidisciplinary study involving several research groups in Switzerland tackled a number of unsolved, fundamental issues about the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. The covered topics include SiO2 dissolution, the characterization of various ASR products formed at different stages of the reaction in both concrete and synthesis, crack formation and propagation. The encompassed scale ranges from nanometers to meters. Apart from conventional techniques, novel methods for the field of ASR have been used, e.g. combination of scanning electron microscopy with dissolution experiments, combination of focused ion beam with transmission electron microscopy, several synchrotron-based methods, synthesis of ASR products for in-depth characterization, time-lapse X-ray micro-tomography combined with contrast-enhancing measures and numerical models of ASR damage based on realistic crack patterns. Key achievements and findings are the quantification of the effect of aluminum on dissolution of different silicates, the variance in morphology and composition of initial ASR products, the differences and similarities between amorphous ASR products and calcium-silicate-hydrate, the link between temperature and the structure of the crystalline ASR products, the behavior of the crystalline ASR products at varying relative humidity, ASR propagation in 4D and numerical modelling based on realistic crack patterns.

Pre-Design of Infographic Based on The Structure And Mechanism of Virus Infection at Elementary School Levels in Ternate City

During the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal, teacher innovation is urgently needed to make their students not bored and stressed in the learning process, either virtual or face-to-face. In North Maluku, face-to-face learning has been carried out with simulations and strict protocols. Learning variations using Blended Learning become a general solution that is applied. Infographics are information graphics which are visual representations of a collection of data, information and designs. Infographics require a large amount of information in the form of writing or numbers and then converted into a simpler form, namely a combination of images and text that allows readers to quickly understand the meaning of a message or image itself. Various efforts to educate covid 19 both non-formally and formally have been carried out to prevent infection, social restrictions and the provision of social and medical assistance have been carried out by the government, but the public still does not have good awareness and discipline towards covid 19. This study aims to educate about the virus and its dangers, especially covid 19 through the development of infographic-based science teaching aids in elementary schools. Research Development with reference to 4D models with modifications. The results of the study indicate that infographic media is suitable for use as media material or science teaching aids, especially virus education for elementary school students. The use of infographics related to viruses and infection mechanisms can be used in various ways in online and offline learning for elementary school students

The Development of a Virtual Laboratory as a Virus Learning Media to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Biology Subjects

One of the materials in biology is about viruses, which are known as "abstracts" because students cannot observe them easily. As a result, it is difficult for students to comprehend. When students were conducting practicums in the laboratory, the researcher also found that the results of the test were much lower than the minimum standard score of 75/100. Therefore, the purpose of this development research is to develop a virtual media laboratory for viral material as a learning medium that facilitates teachers and students in the learning process, which is expected to improve student learning outcomes. This research uses an R & D approach with 4D models. It consists of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating procedures. This study was done at SMA Singapore National Academy Sidoarjo with grade 10 students.

Ultraviolet sensitivity of Casimir energy

Abstract We quantitatively estimate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) physics on the Casimir energy in a five-dimensional (5D) model on S1/Z2. If the cutoff scale of the 5D theory is not far from the compactification scale, the UV physics may affect the low-energy result. We work in the cutoff regularization scheme by introducing two independent cutoff scales for the spatial momentum in the non-compact space and for the Kaluza–Klein masses. The effects of the UV physics are incorporated as a damping effect of the contributions to the vacuum energy around the cutoff scales. We numerically calculate the Casimir energy and evaluate the deviation from the result obtained in the zeta-function regularization, which does not include information on the UV physics. We find that the result agrees well with the latter for Gaussian-type damping, while it can deviate for kink-type damping.

Development of Stem-Based Flipbook on Biodiversity Materials to Train Critical Thinking Skills for X-Grade Students of Senior High School

One of the skills of students in learning activities in 21st century education is critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills can be developed by means and appropriate learning resources. The COVID-19 pandemic condition requires the distance learning process (PJJ) of course to require learning resources that can be accessed by teachers and students even though they are not in one place. One of the learning resources used in the learning process is electronic media, one of which is flipbook. Flipbook is an electronic book that is presented digitally and can be flipped that contains text, images, audio, video, and hyperlinks. Flipbook contains various features that can be used as learning resources for students on biodiversity material and can train students to think critically. The purpose of this research was produced a valid and practical STEM-based flipbook (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). Research used 4D models (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stage) but Disseminate stage was not carried out. The theoretical feasibility of the flipbook was obtained from validation by expert lecturers, namely material and education expert lecturers and high school biology teachers. Flipbook validation was measured based on presentation, content, and linguistic aspects. The practicality test was evaluted based on student's responses collected by questionnaire of 13 students X MIA 4 SHS 14 Surabaya. The analysis technique was quantitative descriptive. The flipbook was said to be very feasible with a validity result of 90.75 % with very valid criteria. Flipbook is also stated to be very practical based on the results of the student response questionnaire of 93.1% with very practical criteria. It can be concluded that the flipbook based on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) on biodiversity material to train critical thinking that has been developed is declared valid and practical.

Integration of risk management within the building information modeling (BIM) framework

PurposeThis research has been conducted with a view to creating a framework to integrate risk management based on building information modeling (BIM) information.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, all the information related to the construction of a residential project including 3D, 4D and 5D BIM models and the execution and control phases information was collected, and the risk list was determined for each activity accordingly.FindingsThe present study has suggested a framework for risk management in order to optimize project changes.Originality/valueThe lack of integration between 3D, 4D and 5D modeling besides execution information is a fundamental problem in many projects. The gap between these two groups of information will lead to improper management and late decisions, eventually imposing unforeseen delays and cost overruns. Risk management by the means of adopting a new approach has been addressed in recent studies using new methods, such as BIM and its associated technologies, some of which were mentioned in the review of theoretical literature in this research.

Machine learning-generated decision boundaries for prediction and exploration of patient-specific quality assurance failures in stereotactic radiosurgery plans.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a form of radiotherapy treatment during which high radiation dose is delivered in a single or few fractions. These treatments require highly conformal plans with steep dose gradients, which can result in an increase in plan complexity prompting the need for stringent pretreatment patient-specific quality assurance (QA) measurements to ensure the planned and measured dose distributions agree within clinical standards. Complexity scores and machine learning (ML) techniques may help with prediction of QA outcomes; however interpretability and usability of those results continues to be an area of study. This study investigates the use of plan complexity metrics as input for an ML model to allow for prediction of QA outcomes for SRS plans as measured via three-dimension (3D) phantom dose verification. Explorations into interpretability and predictive ability, as well as a prospective in-clinic implementation using the resulting model were performed. Four hundred ninety-eight plans (1571 volumetric modulated arc therapy arcs) were processed via in-house script to generate several complexity scores. 3D phantom dose verification measurement results were extracted and classified as pass or failure (with failures defined as below 95% voxel agreement passing 3%/1-mm gamma criteria with 10% threshold,) and 1472 of the arcs were split into training and testing sets, with 99 arcs as a sequential holdout set. A z-score scaler was trained on the training set and used to scale all other sets. Variations of multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf movement variability, aperture complexity, and leaf size, and monitor unit (MU) at control point weighted target area scores were used as input to a support vector classifier to generate a series of 1D, 2D, and 5D decision boundaries. The best performing 5D model was then used within a prospective in-clinic study providing predictions to physicists prior to ordering 3D phantom dose verification measurements for 38 patient plans (112 arcs). The decision to order 3D phantom dose verification measurements was recorded before and after prediction. Best performing 1D threshold and 2D prediction models with best performance produced a QA failure recall and QA passing recall of 1.00 and 0.55, and 0.82 and 0.82, respectively. Best performing 5D prediction model produced a QA failure recall (sensitivity) of 1.00 and QA passing recall (specificity) of 0.72. This model was then used within a prospective in-clinic study providing predictions to physicists prior to ordering 3D phantom dose verification measurements and achieved a QA failure recall of 1.00 and QA passing recall of 0.58. The decision to order 3D phantom dose verification measurements was recorded before and after measurement. A single initially unidentified failing plan of the prospective cohort was successfully predicted to fail by the model. Implementation of complexity score-based prediction models for SRS would allow for support of a clinician's decision to reduce time spent performing QA measurements and avoid patient treatment delays (i.e., in case of QA failure).

Developing of Four-Tier Diganostic Test to Identify Test Profile on Acid and Base Materials

Misconceptions that occur continuously and protracted can interfere with the learning process. Therefore, educators must be able to identify precisely the misconceptions that occur. This research was conducted to find out the implementation of four-tier diagnostic tests in analyzing the misconceptions of students in high school in North Aceh regency and understand the results of analysis of the comprehension level of learners' concepts, whether they Scientific conception, Lack of knowledge, and misconception. Four-tier diagnostic test instrument has been developed by adapting 4D models (Define, Design, Development and Disseminate). Through these steps, the four-tier diagnostic test instrument is produced that is valid through content validation with content-validity coefficient of 0.89 and an average aspect of 4.5 and includes an excellent category. On average, the overall profile of learners got 44.47% who Scientific conception, 44.03% Lack of knowledge and 11.50% who experienced misconceptions in acids and bases materials. The implication of this study is that educators can analyze scientific conception, lack of knowledge and misconceptions on acids and bases materials in learners, and use suitable learning methods so that the misconception is not repeated.

Physics of warped dimensions: discrete and continuous spectra

Using two different warped five-dimensional (5D) models with two branes along the extra dimension, we study the Green’s functions and the spectral properties of some of the fields propagating in the bulk. While the first model has a discrete spectrum of Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes, the second one has a continuous spectrum above a mass gap. We also study the positivity of the spectral functions, as well as the coupling of the graviton and the radion with SM matter fields.

К вопросу организации процессов 4D-моделирования и управления ими в строительстве

The study aims to determine the prospects of integrated automation in the management of construction stages and scheduling on the basis of the 4D-modelling concept, which is applied in domestic and foreign practice of capital construction for visualizing the sequence of construction stages. Due to the use of conventional planning tools, the majority of developers fail to meet the established construction deadlines. At present, the construction industry is at the stage of transition from 2D documentation and step-by-step processes of forming a digital model to an integrated schedule based on the concept of 4D-modelling. Within the framework of transitioning to Industry 4.0, the introduction of 4D-modelling in the BIM model will revolutionize the construction industry by integrating these 3D models with additional planning dimensions and cost estimations. The application of 4D-modelling is shown to improve the efficiency of work processes, which were previously associated with a great risk and inefficiency of construction stages. Currently, the application of the 4D-visualization method is at its nascent stage due to a number of barriers and problems, including those related to the reassessment of implementation costs, a search for competent personnel, as well as a lack of integrated models. At the same time, the application of 4D models appears to be a necessary and inevitable transition to a new stage of digital maturity of the construction industry, which allows the subjects of the construction process to effectively visualize construction stages, accurately plan the required resources and optimize communications within each stage.