Transactional Model Research Articles

Introduction to the Special Issue: ‘The public good of higher education: A comparative study’

AbstractThe Special Issue provides the first consolidated outcomes from a large cross-country research project, conducted by the UK-based Centre for Global Higher Education, on the contributions of higher education to public good outcomes. The public good outcomes of higher education are outcomes other than private pecuniary benefits like individual earnings, employment or social status: (a) shared collective social goods, such as the contributions of higher education to social tolerance, or democratic governance and (b) non-pecuniary individual goods such as the lifetime contribution of higher education to the subjectification (self-formation) of students and to their socialisation as citizens in relational settings. This non-pecuniary domain is underplayed or hidden in those economic policies in the Anglosphere that imagine social life in exclusively transactional terms and model students as consumers, universities as businesses and higher education systems as competitive markets, suggesting the need to move beyond the Anglosphere. The research studies reported here compare approaches to public good outcomes (or their nearest lexical equivalents) in Chile, China, Finland, France, Japan and Poland, as well as Canada and England. This introduction explains the project and presents the country studies, also acknowledging the limitations of the research. It concludes with a summary of the research outcomes across the eight countries, including similarities and differences, and a generic transpositional analysis that integrates the separate findings into a single overall picture of the contribution of higher education to the public good in the eight countries.

Modelling intervention: Barbara Bergmann’s micro-to-macro simulation projects

Over a period of 12 years, Barbara Bergmann developed several models of the labour market using microsimulation, eventually integrated in a “Transactions Model” of the entire US economy, built with Robert Bennett and published in 1986. The paper reconstructs the history of this modelling enterprise in the context of the debates on the micro-foundations of macroeconomics and the role of macroeconomic expertise from the 1970s to the late 1980s. It shows how her focus on the distributional effects of policies was central to the criticism of macroeconomic modelling and how both her epistemological and political positions were marginalised in the 1980s.

Optimized Profit Allocation Model for Service Alliance Transactions Considering Risk

In service alliances, where multiple service providers collaborate to complete service transactions, the equitable allocation of profits based on their respective contributions and risk-bearing capacities is paramount. This paper introduces an optimized profit allocation game model that integrates risk considerations into the Nash bargaining framework. Initially, the study established a service alliance transaction model that considered the interactions among multiple participants, providing a robust theoretical foundation for cooperation. Subsequently, the concept of marginal risk was introduced, and a unique calculation method based on the Shapley value was devised to quantify risk contributions. Finally, an improved Nash bargaining model was proposed, which introduced a risk adjustment factor, explicitly addressing the impact of each participant’s risk on profit allocation. Through computational cases and result analyses, this model demonstrated its ability to balance profit and risk and to optimize outcomes for all participants, and it validated the fairness and rationality of the proposed allocation method.

The role of we-ness in Chinese serodiscordant male couples' coping with HIV: a mixed-methods study.

Men who have sex with men represent a significant portion of new HIV diagnoses in China. Guided by the systemic transactional model and interdependence theory, we examined the mediating role of 'we-ness' between dyadic coping and HIV-specific support among Chinese serodiscordant male couples, and how cultural interdependence shapes this we-ness. We employed a mixed-methods design which included a cross-sectional survey of 234 couples and qualitative interviews with 20 couples. Using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model, our quantitative analysis found that (1) both positive and negative dyadic coping had significant actor effects but nonsignificant partner effects on HIV-specific support, and (2) we-ness mediated both dyadic coping strategies and HIV-specific support, with significant actor-actor effects and partner-actor effects. Our qualitative inquiry identified that we-ness is fundamentally shaped by couples' negotiated pattern of interdependence, characterised by selective independence in HIV care alongside interdependence in HIV prevention. Our findings advance theoretical understanding by demonstrating we-ness as a critical mediating mechanism and reveal how couples' negotiated interdependence extends beyond the traditional continuum between dependence and independence. Findings suggest the need for culturally embedded interventions that recognise couples' shared we-ness and strategic negotiation in HIV management.

A qualitative analysis of the use of intraoperative acupuncture for patients with nosocomephobia.

Nosocomephobia, a type of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is a diagnosis of an extreme fear of hospitals that can hinder current/future medical care. There is little research on how nosocomephobia affects elective surgery or how acupuncture can help patients cope. Using the transactional model of stress/coping, this qualitative case study examined the role of acupuncture in nosocomephobia patients' elective surgery appraisal processes. Two patients were interviewed about their nosocomephobia and prior hospital experiences. Six reviewers coded interview transcripts line-by-line using Dedoose software. Reviewers labeled meaningful words, phrases and sentences and produced over 600 codes. Reviewers discussed/identified themes by grouping similar codes and resolving discrepancies. A thematic analysis was then used to develop final themes. Pseudonyms were assigned to protect patient privacy. Sophie had avascular necrosis in both hips and suffered PTSD from a previous traumatic event. Intraoperative acupuncture calmed her hospital anxiety, allowing her to have both hips replaced. Olivia had experienced PTSD and hospital phobia since she was 12 years old. Acupuncture reduced her anxiety surrounding a necessary knee arthrotomy and osteochondral allograft. Thematic analysis showed how nosocomephobia impacted patients' views of surgery and distinguished between their unique fear rationale. The transactional model of stress/coping illustrated patients' appraisal process from surgery (stressor) to coping (acupuncture) to reappraisal (mental state). Procedural visits can be stressful due to already heightened anxiety. Although no definitive conclusions can be drawn from this small, uncontrolled case series, acupuncture may represent a safe, noninvasive way for nosocomephobia patients to manage preoperative anxiety.

Technostress Among Information Specialists/Librarians at a Private Higher Education Institution in South Africa: Are They Spared?

In the digital age, information specialists at Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) played a crucial role in managing vast amounts of digital information and providing essential services to support academic activities. However, the increasing reliance on technology brought about a phenomenon known as technostress—stress or psychosocial strain experienced due to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The aim of this study was to explore information specialists/librarians' experiences of technostress in the context of technology integration into library services at a private higher education institution in South Africa. It sought to identify the specific challenges librarians faced due to the adoption and use of technology and to understand how these challenges affected their daily tasks, job performance, and overall job satisfaction. The study was underpinned by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), which provided a framework for understanding how individuals cognitively appraised and coped with stressful situations. Utilizing a qualitative approach guided by the interpretivist paradigm, the research gathered comprehensive data through qualitative semi structured interviews. A purposive sample of information specialists from a leading Private Higher Education Institution (PHEI) was selected, and thematic analysis was employed to analyse the interview transcripts. Participants were invited for semi-structured interviews until saturation was achieved. The thematic results of the qualitative study illustrated the effects of technostress on information specialists at the PHEI. Participants experienced system failures, technical glitches, and challenges with new tools, which significantly increased their stress levels. This stress manifested itself in physical symptoms such as eyestrain and headaches, as well as emotional symptoms such as anxiety and frustration, often exacerbated by increased screen time and poor ergonomics. The impact on work performance varied, with some experiencing minimal or positive impacts on productivity, while others experienced significant disruption to their work and well-being. The findings improved the understanding of technostress in higher education and provided recommendations for creating a supportive work environment and promoting the well-being of information specialists/librarians. Practical suggestions were made to address the identified challenges and improve the wellbeing and effectiveness of information specialists within the PHEI. This study informed strategies to effectively combat technostress among information specialists/librarians at a PHEI.

Development of a Mobile App for Occupational Stress Screening Among Female Workers: Protocol for an Exploratory Sequential Design Study.

Occupational safety hazards include physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological, and psychological hazards. Technological innovation in screening for occupational stress, especially among female workers, is needed to improve their health and productivity. This research is being conducted to obtain a prediction model of work stress through a questionnaire instrument that includes stressors and symptoms based on the transactional model, as well as measurement of work stress through a mobile app that can be used anywhere. The research is conducted in 3 stages: qualitative research, quantitative research (cross-sectional), and mobile app development. Data were collected from companies located in Jakarta, Indonesia. The sample was chosen based on purposive sampling. For the quantitative research (n=430), logistic regression analysis was used. We are developing a work stress screening instrument for female workers, which includes stressors and symptoms based on the transactional model, in the form of a digital platform so that female workers can undertake the examination anywhere without interfering with working hours or home duties. This research was funded in January 2024 and qualitative data collection began in February 2024. Quantitative data were obtained in March 2024; the number of respondents in the qualitative stage was 6, and in the quantitative stage it was 430. The work stress screening app is in the development stage and will be launched at the same time as the data collection is performed so we can examine the respondents' perspectives on the use of the app. This study analyzes the prediction of work stress to help female workers screen for work stress. Workers who are detected as experiencing work stress will be educated using an algorithm programmed in the app. PRR1-10.2196/55874.

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a systematic transaction model-guided dyadic coping nursing intervention for patients with breast cancer and their spousal caregivers: A pilot study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a Systematic Transaction Model (STM)-guided dyadic coping nursing intervention for patients with breast cancer and their spouses. MethodsA single-arm, pre-test/post-test pilot study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Wuxi, China, recruiting 28 breast cancer patient–caregiver pairs. Each dyad participated in six hybrid intervention sessions. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate pre- and post-intervention changes, and effect sizes were calculated. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and retention rates, acceptability via the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8), and preliminary efficacy through measures of body image, dyadic coping, post-traumatic growth, and marital satisfaction. ResultsAll 28 dyads completed the intervention. Patients showed small-to-moderate improvements in body image, post-traumatic growth, dyadic coping, and marital satisfaction (d ​= ​0.4–0.5, P ​≤ ​0.022), with clinically meaningful changes observed in 39%–68% of patients. Spousal caregivers also demonstrated improvements in post-traumatic growth, dyadic coping, and marital satisfaction (d ​= ​0.3–0.6, P ​≤ ​0.033), with 36%–46% showing clinically important differences. ConclusionsThis pilot study supports the feasibility and initial efficacy of an STM-guided dyadic coping intervention, which may benefit breast cancer patients and their spouses as a unit. Further large-scale trials are recommended to validate these findings. Trial registrationChina Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400083416).

Research on cross regional green certificate bilateral distributed robust trading strategy based on Bayesian theory

To ensure the effective implementation of the compulsory green certificate transaction in China, a multi-participant cross-regional green certificate bilateral transaction model considering the relevant technical characteristics of the unit is proposed to solve the problems such as the mismatch between the supply and demand of green certificates and the reduction of the transaction plan by the grid operation constraints in the current green certificate transaction. To mobilize the initiative of participants, the model adopts the bilateral transaction of free negotiation. To balance the interests of transaction participants, the paper analyzes the complex interaction of multi participants in cross-regional bilateral transactions by using cooperative game theory. Simultaneously, the model considers multiple uncertainties among participants and takes into account the correlation of photovoltaic power in multiple periods. Based on the distributed robust theory, the multivariate nonlinear model and mixed-effect model of Bayesian are proposed to construct the fuzzy sets of the probability distribution for wind and photovoltaic power. On this basis, the paper analyzes the strategic behaviors of multi participants affected by uncertainty factors in the cross-regional green certificate bilateral trade through a numerical example, and quantitatively analyzes the sensitivity of each participant’s transaction plan affected by uncertainty factors. The results show that the degree of competition will affect the strategic behavior and income of the participants, and the full cooperation mode can not only avoid the risk of fluctuations in the transaction price and transaction power within the alliance but also stabilize the supply and demand of green certificate transactions.

Accounting for credit card rewards programmes: the perceptions of managers and experts

Purpose International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 15 required credit card rewards programmes (CCRPs) to reconsider their accounting practices. While Brink and Steenkamp (2023a, 2023b) developed a theoretical accounting model for CCRP transactions after the effective date of IFRS 15, this model should be validated and finalised as an accounting framework. Thus, the purpose of the present paper was to examine the validity of Brink and Steenkamp’s (2023b) model by interviewing CCRP managers and obtaining the opinions of experts in the field, and then develop a framework for accounting for CCRP transactions after the effective date of IFRS 15. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative exploratory approach within an interpretive paradigm was applied. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with South African CCRP managers, after which the Delphi technique (with 22 experts) was used. All data collected were analysed using thematic analysis, after which the CCRP accounting framework was finalised. Findings The study confirmed parts of the theoretical model, updated the model for what was evident in practice (e.g., not identifying interest as a relevant revenue stream, not differentiating between an open-loop and closed-loop structure and not including interest in the interchange fee) and improved the model by including alternative accounting treatments and additional guidance (e.g., to determine how the CCRP transaction should be viewed and to determine the value of award credits without an observable value). Practical implications The CCRP accounting framework provides practical guidelines for CCRP accounting and will assist managers of CCRPs in their decision-making processes and the application of judgement. Originality/value The study developed a CCRP accounting framework embedded in a decision tree and included all possible alternatives for accounting for CCRP transactions, which is a novel contribution to the field.

Enhancing energy security and efficiency through a regional integration policy: The case of the Southern Cone

This paper addresses the knowledge gap concerning foreign exchange risk in energy transactions within the Regional Initiative Energy Integration System of the Southern Cone Countries (SIESUR) of the Latin American region. Focusing on the cross-border electricity, it investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the transaction model in SIESUR: US dollar-denominated cross-border energy contracts with a time lag between invoicing and payment. The objective of this paper is to estimate foreign exchange risk exposure and propose mitigation solutions. Analyzing foreign exchange risk of energy trading among SIESUR member countries reveals substantial financial costs hindering electricity integration. Energy importing countries, facing greater exposure of their local currencies and weakened bargaining power, are particularly vulnerable. A Monte Carlo simulation model, using historical exchange rate data, highlights significant currency volatility, emphasizing the substantial foreign exchange risk exposure within SIESUR. Notably, cost overruns of energy imports due to foreign exchange risk exposure can reach 12.6% of transaction value. Through a global analysis, potential strategies for risk management are explored to foster electricity exchange expansion. Efforts to mitigate foreign exchange risk are crucial for advancing electricity integration within the SIESUR region. This study underscores policy implications for enhancing regional energy security and promoting sustainable development.

Hybrid transaction model for optimizing the distributed power trading market

The distributed power (DP) trading market plays a pivotal role in promoting renewable energy and driving the global economy’s low-carbon transition. However, the DP market worldwide is still in its infancy and faces problems such as immature market mechanisms and fluctuating power generation. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an innovative Hybrid Transaction Model (HTM) designed to optimize DP market mechanisms and refine “grid fee” structures. HTM operates through two structured transaction markets: (1) the aggregation transaction market, which manages trades between aggregators and distributed users; (2) the terminal transaction market, which facilitates exchanges between aggregators and industrial and commercial users. Additionally, HTM integrates a shared energy storage market to support expanding energy storage systems. Using China as a case study, this paper examines the barriers to DP trade market development and offers actionable policy implications for the further development of DP markets in China and comparable regions.

Longitudinal bidirectional relations between psychological maltreatment by teachers and psychosocial adjustment during early adolescence

This study examined three models (relationship-driven model, symptom-driven model and transactional model) testing the across-time bidirectional relations between psychological maltreatment by teachers and early adolescents' psychosocial adjustment (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and academic achievement) during early adolescence. A total of 4169 Chinese early adolescents (Mage = 9.93 years, SD = 0.73, 54% males) completed assessments across five waves, every six months. Employing autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals (ALT-SR), the results revealed that adolescents’ internalizing problems and academic achievement were predicted by psychological maltreatment by teachers (supporting the relationship-driven model), whereas externalizing problems and psychological maltreatment by teachers were bidirectionally related (supporting the transactional model). Moreover, sex moderated the relations between psychological maltreatment by teachers and psychosocial adjustment. The finding of differential relations between psychological maltreatment by teachers and three components of psychosocial adjustment (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and academic achievement) indicated that prevention and interventions should be tailored to different psychosocial adjustment difficulties.

Meta-Comprehension and Reading Comprehension in Future Teachers: Implications for Educational Quality in the Context of the SDG

Objective: Reading comprehension is a fundamental component to achieve quality education at all educational levels. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between metacomprehension strategies and reading comprehension in university students. Theoretical framework: The research is based on the Metacognition Theory, the Construction-Integration Theory and the Transactional Reading Model, which highlight the importance of self-regulation and metacognition in the comprehension of complex academic texts. Method: A quantitative approach and a cross-sectional correlational design were used, a sample of 138 students selected through stratified probability sampling of a population of 215 was studied. Data were collected with the Inventory of Strategies of Reading Metacomprehension and a reading comprehension test. Results and discussion: The findings show that reading metacomprehension allows students to monitor and improve their comprehension of texts, applying effective corrective strategies. This skill is crucial for addressing dense texts, improving literal and inferential comprehension. The research showed that there is a relationship between metacomprehension strategies and the level of reading comprehension. Research Implications: The results impact curricular planning and the development of teaching programs, suggesting the need for practices that promote meta-understanding to improve academic performance. Originality: This research provides evidence on the relevance of meta-understanding in higher education, providing guidance for pedagogical practices that promote self-regulation and metacognition in university learning.

Distributed transaction method for multi-energy systems clusters considering uncertainties in photovoltaic power output

Abstract In light of the emerging trend of distributed transactions within the multi-energy system(MES) cluster, this paper proposes a distributed transaction method for MES that takes into account the uncertainties in photovoltaic (PV) power output. This approach aims to achieve optimized resource scheduling within the MESs, as well as coordinated optimization of transactions between different MESs. Firstly, the uncertainties in PV power output within the MES are addressed using the distributionally robust chance constraint. Subsequently, the optimization problem of the MES cluster is decomposed using the alternating direction multiplier method, thereby establishing a distributed transaction model for the MES cluster that considers PV power output uncertainties. Finally, the case study demonstrates that the proposed model can balance the individual interests of each MES with the overall interests of the MES cluster. It effectively reduces the operating costs of the MESs and determines optimal operation strategies for them.

Construction of Cross-Border E-Commerce Supply Chain of Agricultural Food Products based on Blockchain Technology

The European Union has for several years been a critical export market and a significant source of imports for us, and the US has, in general, kept closed domestic players vis-à-vis the EU. However, given the variety of alternative market conditions and EU forms, the attractiveness of cross-border electronic commerce (CBEC) between China and the EU has fallen far short, and there is an urgency to create a harmonious and uniform environmental environment for the exchange of information to facilitate the convenience of cross border electronic commerce. This study examines the CBEC of agricultural goods and its cooperative management technique inside the logistical supply chain. It details the complete transaction model and fundamental components and presents a theoretical framework for the CBEC distribution network. The Block Chain can effectively bridge the obstacles to CBEC in Chinese and European countries by providing a valuable source of benefits from decentralization, trust, anti-counterfeiting, consensus, innovative procurement, and extraordinary techniques, which will provide the basis for building an Embedded Provider Platform for Electronic Commerce, Risk Management System for Deposit Risk Management, Supply Chain (SC) Management System, Cross Border Logistic System, Customs Supervisory Computer, etc. The paper examines how blockchain science can assemble CBEC SC computing devices for agricultural goods between global places in Central Europe. Firstly, it expounds on the theory and characteristics of the blockchain. Then, the paper introduces the troubles that arise in the CBEC supply chain. Then, the thesis proposes a blockchain-based CBEC SC structure, analyzes the aspects and relations among each other, and provides a framework for developing a China-European blockchain cross-border electronic Commerce. The test findings indicate that the system satisfies the criteria for tracking agricultural items and enhances fresh farm commodities' quality and security.

Parent-child communication and educational anxiety: a longitudinal analysis based on the common fate model

BackgroundIn the face of family stress and emerging family problems, the transactional model of stress and coping provides new perspectives for solving stress problems in the family. This study integrates it with the common fate model to reveal new paths for coping with educational anxiety problems from the level of parent-child dichotomous interaction in the family environment, aiming to provide some theoretical and practical support for alleviating parents’ education anxiety.MethodsThis study used a combination of interviews and questionnaires to stratify students and their parents from a public junior high school in Jinan City to participate in the study. Data were collected in two time periods (T1, T2; one year apart), and the demographic characteristics of parents and children, parent-child communication quality, education anxiety, and parent-child trust relationship of 495 families were finally analysed by SPSS 27.0.ResultsThe results found that (1) based on the Common Fate Model, quality of parent-child communication negatively predicted parents’ education anxiety; (2) quality of parent-child communication positively predicted parent-child trust relationship; (3) parent-child trust relationship negatively predicted parents’education anxiety; (4) parent-child trust relationship mediated quality of parent-child communication and education anxiety.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on research related to stress coping and anxiety relief in the family environment, and provides theoretical and practical support for understanding the interaction between parents and children at the family level, and coping with stressful events together. It implies that future researchers should not only focus on one aspect when coping with and dealing with family problems, but should analyse the family as a whole, including the communication status and parent-child relationship between parents and children.

A modified transactional model of stress and coping on depressive symptoms among informal caregivers of persons with dementia

Informal caregivers are crucial to the care of persons with dementia (PWD), but their role is often reported as challenging. This study aims to examine caregiver stress and depressive symptoms among informal caregivers of PWD using a modified transactional stress and coping model. Path analysis was conducted among a sample of informal caregivers of PWD in Singapore (n = 281) using information on functional dependence and memory and behavioral problems of PWD, and self-reported measurements on caregivers’ knowledge of dementia, perceived positive aspects of caregiving, social support, coping patterns, caregiving self-efficacy, caregiving burden and depressive symptoms. The initial model reflecting our assumptions for the transactional stress and coping model showed a poor fit (model 1 - CFI = 0.858, TLI = 0.665, RMSEA = 0.118). Logical modifications were made until sufficient model fit was achieved (model 2 - CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.955, RMSEA = 0.043). We then removed the insignificant paths in model 2 and obtained our final model (model 3 - CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.033). The final model supported our hypotheses, with some adjustments. This study advances our understanding of caregiver distress by modifying the transactional stress and coping model, including (1) the key role of caregiver self-efficacy in the primary appraisal process, (2) the dynamic assessment of coping resources across all stages of the model, and (3) the importance of coping patterns. Future studies could explore the generalizability of these findings.

Designing a secure title deed registration model for land transactions in Kenya based on blockchain

The purpose of this study was to design a secure title deed registration model for land transactions in Kenya based on Blockchain. Blockchain technology creates a publicly accessible distributed database that keeps track of all land transaction records, allowing confirmation of land ownership at any given point in time with the aim of creating a secure and transparent environment that guarantees the much-needed confidentiality and integrity of land transactions. Design Science research methodology was adopted by the research to provide an overall scope in the model design and development requirements, while the Proof of Concept (PoC) research methodology was used to design and develop the essential modules for the model. The research employed subjective sampling to select users to perform a criteria-based model evaluation approach against the evaluation metrics (persistence, time stamping, transparency and decentralisation) set out by the research. Results were presented in the form of a descriptive summary of the users' feedback. From the results, the study established that the model could effectively execute immutable, time-stamped, transparent and decentralised land registration and land transaction processes that can be used as authentic proof of land ownership. The study concluded that the proposed model enhances transparency and security, contributing to a more reliable system that fosters public confidence. The study recommends that future research may focus on the integration of Blockchain with land taxation systems as well as the adoption of cryptocurrency as a legal tender to facilitate the execution of smart contracts for properties in Kenya.

Transactional models of depression via caregiver-child interactions: Evaluating conflict resolution as a source of resilience in adversity-exposed families

BackgroundYouth who experienced early life caregiving adversity (ECA) are at increased risk for developing depression, which may in part reflect a heightened vulnerability to the deleterious effects of later-life stressors, including poor caregiver mental health and interpersonal conflict. Transactional models posit bidirectional influences between caregivers and children that operate over development and more proximally across interactions. ObjectiveTo address gaps in knowledge of bidirectional influences between caregivers and children, and differences therein based on ECA exposure, we evaluated the effects of caregiver and child depressive symptoms on their own and each other’s emotion-related behavior during conflict resolution, and the effects of their behavior on their own and each other’s changes in affect expression from conflict resolution to a recovery task. Participants and setting161 caregiver-child dyads (child age 6–16 years; 49 % female youth; 45 % caregivers of ECA-exposed youth) participated in videorecorded conflict resolution and subsequent recovery tasks. MethodsCaregivers reported on their own and their child’s depressive symptoms. Trained coders rated caregiver and child positive and negative affect and supportive and unsupportive emotion-related behavior. ResultsContrary to expectations derived from models of stress-sensitization, results of actor-partner interdependence models demonstrated positive associations between caregiver depressive symptoms and supportive child behavior, among ECA-exposed families. Among these families, only, child supportive behavior was also associated with greater increases in subsequent caregiver positive affect during the recovery task. ConclusionsIn contrast to models of stress-sensitization, youth supportive reactions to caregiver distress may initiate positive spirals that transcend interactions. Implications for intervention efforts are discussed.