Taxonomy Model Research Articles

Analysis of an In-Service Examination for Core Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Knowledge

Little is known about designing an effective residency curriculum for pediatric craniofacial surgery. This study elucidates the pediatric craniofacial curriculum of the Plastic Surgery In-Service Training Examination (PSITE) to facilitate knowledge acquisition during residency. Approximately, 6 consecutive PSITEs were reviewed for pediatric craniofacial questions (2010-2015). Subjects were categorized according to topics on the American Board of Plastic Surgery written board examination. Questions were categorized using an educational taxonomy model. Answer references were categorized by source and publication lag. Of 1174 PSITE questions, 147 tested pediatric craniofacial topics (12.5%). Questions appeared predominately in the Craniomaxillofacial section (83.0%, p < 0.001). The annual representation was stable more than 6 years (range: 10.2%-14.4%, p = 0.842). Question taxonomy favored interpretation (45.6%) and decision-making (40.8%) over recall (13.6%, p < 0.001) skills, and 41 questions had an associated image (27.9%) and most were photographic (76.7%, p < 0.001). The most frequently tested categories on the American Board of Plastic Surgery written examination content outline were craniofacial anomalies (23.5%), benign and malignant tumors (17.6%), and cleft lip and palate (12.5%). Overall, 80 unique journals were cited 304 times with a mean publication lag of 9.4 ± 10.9 years. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (34.5%) was the most cited journal (p < 0.001). These data may assist in designating core knowledge competency in pediatric craniofacial surgery for plastic surgery residents. A further understanding of PSITE utility for core knowledge competency in pediatric craniofacial surgery would be the focus of future work.

Adolescent Abstention From Delinquency: Examining the Mediating Role of Time Spent With (Delinquent) Peers.

Research consistently identifies a group of adolescents who refrain from minor delinquency entirely. Known as abstainers, studying these adolescents is an underexplored approach to understanding adolescent minor delinquency. In this paper, we tested hypotheses regarding adolescent delinquency abstention derived from the developmental taxonomy model and social control theory in 497 adolescents (283 boys) aged 13-18 comparing three groups of adolescents: abstainers, experimenters, and a delinquent group. We found that the relation between adolescent abstention and personal characteristics (i.e., conscientiousness and anxiety) was (partially) mediated by the amount of time spent with peers. Furthermore, the level of best friend delinquency moderated the relation between time spent with peers and delinquency abstention. Results support aspects of both theoretical frameworks.

Supply and Demand Oriented Energy Management in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as an attractive paradigm involving physical perceptions, cyber interactions, social correlations and even cognitive thinking through a cyber-physical-social-thinking hyperspace. In this context, energy management with the purposes of energy saving and high efficiency is a challenging issue. In this work, a taxonomy model is established in reference to the IoT layers (i.e., sensor-actuator layer, network layer, and application layer), and IoT energy management is addressed from the perspectives of supply and demand to achieve green perception, communication, and computing. A smart home scenario is presented as a case study involving the main enabling technologies with supply-side, demand-side, and supply-demand balance considerations, and open issues in the field of IoT energy management are also discussed.

Music Objectives Planning in Prevailing Psychomotor Domain

The paper presents the results of a study in which we analysed planning of musical objectives in the psychomotor domain prepared by 372 Slovenian general education teachers. The research results showed high share of objectives pertaining to the taxonomy category of speech behaviours, which was followed by the categories of gross bodily movements, finely coordinated movements and non-verbal communication. The above facts confirm that music objectives can be classified in the prevailing psychomotor domain and show the utilization of a chosen taxonomy model. The research results also indicate that Slovenian general education teachers are aware of the need for active approaches to music teaching although they pay less attention to music objectives planning in the category of non-verbal communication which exceeds the mere use of words and represents the basis for contemporary approach of music teaching through musical doing and making.

Problem solving and efficiency of educational objectives accomplishment in teaching equations

This paper presents the results of experimental testing the impact of problem solving on the efficiency of objectives accomplishment in teaching equations in the second and third grade of primary school. In this regard, it was examined the existence of differences in the level of implementation of educational objectives about equations by applying the problem solving teaching with the students of different ages of education. In considering the efficiency of educational objectives accomplishment we started from the taxonomy model of educational aims and objectives operationalization in teaching math. The sample included 97 students of the second and third grade of primary school. The obtained results indicate the positive impact on the level of implementation of educational objectives about equations by applying the problem solving teaching with the students of each ages of education. Obtained results are significant from the aspect of innovating and changing the organization of the teaching process in order to improve the quality of teaching, students engagement and increase conscious activity in mathematics classroom.

Challenges and strategies for identifying biomarkers for colorectal cancer.

Challenges and strategies for identifying biomarkers for colorectal cancer.

A Practice-based Taxonomy for Radiation Treatment Errors

PurposeAn absence of a common language for incident classification limits knowledge sharing within and between organizations in the radiotherapy community. This challenge provided the motivation to develop a clinically relevant taxonomy for radiotherapy errors. Materials and MethodsThis was a multicenter, prospective study that consisted of three phases: (1) an initial version of the taxonomy was developed based on the World Health Organization Conceptual Framework for the International Classification for Patient Safety and taxonomy models from radiotherapy and other industries; (2) the taxonomy was evaluated using actual incident data from a single practitioner and revised; and (3) face validity testing of the taxonomy was performed by two additional practitioners from different radiotherapy centers using simulated incident cases. ResultsThe taxonomy consisted of seven classes: incident nature, impact, incident type, stage of origin, stage of discovery, contributing factors, and preventative strategies. Each class was divided into subcategories containing increasingly detailed information. A total of 191 consecutive incidents were classified in phase 2 to ensure no further revision to the taxonomy was required. In phase 3, low interobserver agreement (<60%) was obtained for most classes of the taxonomy in the first face validity test. After revisions were made to the taxonomy based on practitioners' feedback, a second face validity test yielded a high degree of agreement (70%–93%) for all classes. ConclusionsOur multiphase, iterative approach has yielded a workable and multidimensional set of incident classifiers that can be scaled to accommodate local, regional and discipline-specific requirements. Opportunities exist to implement this taxonomy in institutional and national incident databases to facilitate incident learning within and between institutions.

Faceted Classification for Museum Artefacts: A Methodology to Support Web Site Development of Large Cultural Organizations

This research project aimed to provide a visual representation of the Artefacts Canada digital collection. The taxonomy creation involved the implementation of an innovative four-step methodology. The resulting user-friendly bilingual taxonomy that will provide worldwide visitors with the mean to better access Canadian virtual museum collections is presented.Ce projet de recherche a pour objectif de représenter visuellement la collection numérique d'Artefacts Canada. La création d'une taxinomie repose sur la mise en œuvre d'une méthodologie novatrice en quatre étapes. Sera présentée la taxinomie bilingue conviviale ainsi créée qui permettra aux visiteurs de partout un meilleur accès aux collections muséales numériques du Canada.

Investigación y conservación de la biodiversidad en Perú: importancia del uso de técnicas modernas y procedimientos administrativos eficientes

This commentary focuses on the importance that DNA sequence analysis has in biodiversity studies and the need for improving administrative procedures regarding biodiversity research in Peru. Given the rapid loss of biodiversity and natural resources in many areas of Peru, research aimed at identifying, characterizing, and describing biodiversity is a priority for developing appropriate conservation and mitigation strategies. For cur-rent and future research on Peruvian biodiversity and conservation, we emphasize the importance of using an integrative taxonomy approach, including the study of evolutionary processes associated with areas of high biodiversity and endemism. Additionally, it is essential that governmental institutions responsible for review-ing permit applications and research plans, focusing on biodiversity research in Peru, recognize and support studies that incorporate an integrative taxonomy approach. The use of modern techniques in the integrative taxonomy model in conjunction with efficient administrative procedures will be the best method for protecting Peruvian biodiversity.

Improving classification models with taxonomy information

Classification is an established data mining problem that has largely been investigated by the research community. Since the raw data is commonly unsuitable for training a classifier as it is, several preprocessing steps are commonly integrated in the data mining and knowledge discovery process before applying classification.This paper investigates the usefulness of integrating taxonomy information into classifier construction. In particular, it presents a general-purpose strategy to improve structured data classification accuracy by enriching data with semantics-based knowledge provided by a taxonomy (i.e., a set of is-a hierarchies) built over data items. The proposed approach may be deemed particularly useful by experts who could directly access or easily infer meaningful taxonomy models over the analyzed data. To demonstrate the benefit obtained from utilizing taxonomies for contemporary classification methods, we also presented a generalized version of a state-of-the-art associative classifier, which also includes generalized (high level) rules in the classification model.Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the accuracy of state-of-art classifiers, associative and not.

Building a taxonomy for auto‐classification

AbstractEditor's SummaryTaxonomies have expanded from browsing aids to the foundation for automatic classification. Early auto‐classification methods grouped documents having similar collections of words, but current software can provide far greater accuracy. Text‐mining tools can spot recognizable entities as potential taxonomy terms or top‐level categories. Developing a taxonomy further to coordinate with auto‐classification software requires appreciation of how the software works, whether it uses an approach based on lexical analysis, rules for word co‐occurrence or machine learning with predictive analysis. The taxonomy model is typically hierarchical with term specificity dictated by the end user's need for detail. Synonyms and variants are redirected to the term for classification. The classification tool must be configured to be consistent with the typical document format and style of the collection. Testing the classification scheme, critical to reveal inaccuracies and omissions, is an iterative process expanding from a stable test set to validation on a large corpus before final implementation.

Application of Numerical Taxonomy Analysis in Sustainable Development Planning of Combating Desertification

Due to increasing importance of desertification challenges and its consequences the necessity of sustainabledevelopment achievement in arid and semi-arid regions is essential in order to avoid limited sources asting, increase the efficiency of controlling, reclamation and restoration projects of natural areas. Based on the iterature review, it has been recognized that combating desertification projects in Iran were yet inconsequential and incomprehensive. It is essential to achieve sustainable and comprehensive development in combating desertification issue. In relation to the mentioned case, investigation and ranking of current status of development indices of combating desertification process in different areas, is crucial which will determine the level of, budgeting and manpower polices. Therefore, numerical taxonomy model was recognized as a suitable tool for determination of ranking and classification of combating desertification indices. The study model is used for investigating and ranking of existing situation of combating desertification in the urban areas of Yazd province during the period of 2002-2007. The model evaluatesdevelopment and extension of combating desertification indices in the urban areas using analytical structure and the final results are shown as the assessment Maps. The results show that Yazd, Taft, Mehriz and Khatam urban areas with expansion score of 0.89 from total combating desertification indices have unsuitable situation while Bafgh, Sadough and Tabas with expansion score of 0.44, 0.45 and 0.49, respectively had better situation. Moreover, it is recognized that budgeting and future development planning of the urban areas from combating desertification on the basis of the obtained results and raking of this research.

Development and validation ofChineseHealthLiteracyScale forDiabetes

To develop and to test the psychometric properties of the Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes. Patients with diabetes encounter many challenges when making health decisions in their daily lives, as they have access to many different kinds of health information. Health literacy issues are new topics in Chinese society. Without a valid and reliable instrument in Chinese, it is difficult to measure the level of health literacy and promote the concept of health literacy in Chinese societies. A methodological study with a sample of 137 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 years or older. Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes was developed with reference to the revised Bloom's taxonomy model. Psychometric tests (content validity, item analysis, construct validity, discriminative ability and test-retest reliability) were conducted. Correlations between Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes and four relevant measures were tested. Cronbach's alpha and alpha if item deleted were calculated to assess internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha for Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes and its four subscales (remembering, understanding, applying and analysing) were 0·884, 0·885, 0·667, 0·654 and 0·717, respectively. The Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes was significantly correlated with the Diabetic Knowledge Scale (r = 0·398, p < 0·001), the Diabetic Management Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0·257, p < 0·001), the Preschool and Primary Chinese Literacy Scale (r = 0·822, p < 0·001) and the Chinese Value of Learning Scale (r = 0·303, p < 0·001). It took an average of seven minutes to complete this 34-item instrument. The findings of this study support the Chinese Health Literacy Scale for Diabetes as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the health literacy of Chinese patients with diabetes. We recommend that clinicians use this tool to assess patients' health literacy before conducting any kind of health promotion.

BDD-Based Combinatorial Keyword Query Processing under a Taxonomy Model

Digital libraries are one of the key systems for an IT society, and supporting easy access to them is an important technical issue between a human and an intelligent system. Here the authors consider a publish/subscribe system for digital libraries which continuously evaluates queries over a large repository containing document descriptions. The subscriptions, the query expressions and the document descriptions, all rely on a taxonomy that is a hierarchically organized set of keywords, or terms. The digital library supports insertion, update and removal of a document. Each of these operations is seen as an event that must be notified only to those users whose subscriptions match the document's description. In this chapter, the authors present a novel method of processing such keyword queries. Their method is based on Binary Decision Diagram (BDD), an efficient data structure for manipulating large-scale Boolean functions. The authors compile the given keyword queries into a BDD under a taxonomy model. The number of possible keyword sets can be exponentially large, but the compiled BDD gives a compact representation, and enabling a highly efficient matching process. In addition, the authors' method can deal with any Boolean combination of keywords from the taxonomy, while the previous result considered only a conjunctive keyword set. In this chapter, they describe the basic idea of their new method, and then the authors show their preliminary experimental result applying to a document set with large-scale keyword domain under a real-life taxonomy structure.

A MODEL FOR STRUCTURING INFORMATION RESOURCES IN E-GOVERNMENT

In the past years, the interaction level between citizens and government has significantly risen. Due to the growing number of services provided by e-governments, the information resources in e-government systems are becoming increasingly complex and vast.As a result, structuring information, so it can easily be understood and further used, has become a vital topic. This paper gives an overview of the situation of e-government in Serbia, with a special emphasis ontwo main aspects of using the information resources:analyzing current situation and decision-making. This paper deliberates the application of a model for structuring e-government information resources using faceted taxonomy.Faceted taxonomy represents a set of taxonomies, each one describing the domain of interest from a different, preferably orthogonal, point of view. This model would facilitate the understanding of relationships between different pieces of information in the system and therefore, improve the efficiency of use of the information resources in the system. The paper clarifies the guidelines for practical implementation of the model and deals with the transition process. The work also depicts the possible benefits of applying the faceted taxonomy model to the e-government system. Keywords/Key phrases: faceted taxonomy, faceted navigation, e-government, information modeling

Operational Framework for Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRPII) System Case Studies in Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises a Taxonomy Model for Structural Misfit of MRPII System

Manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) system which is the core information system that supports the operations of manufacturing organization, are often failed to meet estimated benefits, impeding operational performance and strategic advantages, due to the misfit between the structure modeled in the system and the actual structure of manufacturing environment it intended to represent. Furthermore, disputations upon whether organizational adaptation is always superseding other misfit resolving strategies have increasingly exposed. Hence, this paper presents an operational framework – taxonomy model of MRPII misfit to be applied in a case study which involves three small and medium manufacturing organizations in Malaysia, with the purpose of systematically classify MRPII misfits, and subsequently to identify appropriate misfit resolving strategy (system modification or organization adaptation) based on the specificity of the misfit. The implications of each type of MRPII misfit have been discussed from the perspectives of degree of misfit severity, risk of the MRPII system, organizational discretion on structural change, and most importantly the misfit resolving strategy. In addition, the planned methodology of the case study is presented, in details of selection of case companies and data analysis method. The findings of this proposed study is expected to serve as general guidelines or basics that can be referred by adopting organization to build their resolving strategy, according to the specificity of MRPII misfit situation which they encountered.

Classifying orofacial pains: a new proposal of taxonomy based on ontology

We propose a new taxonomy model based on ontological principles for disorders that manifest themselves through the symptom of persistent orofacial pain and are commonly seen in clinical practice and difficult to manage. Consensus meeting of eight experts from various geographic areas representing different perspectives (orofacial pain, headache, oral medicine and ontology) as an initial step towards improving the taxonomy. Ontological principles were introduced, reviewed and applied during the consensus building process. Diagnostic criteria for persistent dento-alveolar pain disorder (PDAP) were formulated as an example to be used to model the taxonomical structure of all orofacial pain conditions. These criteria have the advantage of being (i) anatomically defined, (ii) in accordance with other classification systems for the provision of clinical care, (iii) descriptive and succinct, (iv) easy to adapt for applications in varying settings, (v) scalable and (vi) transferable for the description of pain disorders in other orofacial regions of interest. Limitations are that the criteria introduce new terminology, do not have widespread acceptance and have yet to be tested. These results were presented to the greater conference membership and were unanimously accepted. Consensus for the diagnostic criteria of PDAP was established within this working group. This is an initial first step towards developing a coherent taxonomy for orofacial pain disorders, which is needed to improve clinical research and care.

The Improvement of Governance Decision Making Using XBRL

eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) has the potential to influence users’ processing of financial information and their judgments and decisions. XBRL is an eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based language, developed specifically for financial reporting. XBRL, as a search-facilitating technology, contributes to direct searches and simultaneous presentation of related financial statement, and facilitates processing footnote information which could help financial statements’ users. XBRL is more than a distribution mechanism for data or facilitating technology. XBRL has the potential to significantly improve corporate governance. Putting that potential into practice requires an XBRL taxonomy model that is data based instead of document based. This paper hypothesizes that in the presence of search-facilitating technology, users’ judgments of financial statement reliability will be influenced by the choice of recognition versus disclosure of stock option compensation than in the absence of search-facilitating technology. When the stock option accounting varies between two firms, the search technology helps in both acquiring and integrating relevant information. The paper suggests the implementation of XBRL improves transparency of financial information and managers’ choices for reporting that information.

An Optimized Player Taxonomy Model for Mobile MMORPGs with Millions of Users

Massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) have great potential as sites for research within the social and human-computer interaction. In the MMORPGs, a stability player taxonomy model is very important for game design. It helps to balance different types of players and improve business strategy of the game. The players in mobile MMORPGs are also connected with social networks; many studies only use the player's own attributes statistics or questionnaire survey method to predict player taxonomy, so lots of social network relations' information will be lost. In this paper, by analyzing the impacts of player's social network, commercial operating data from mobile MMORPGs is used to establish our player taxonomy model (SN model). From the model results, social network-related information in mobile MMORPGs will be considered as important factors to pose this optimized player taxonomy model. As experimental results showed, compared with another player taxonomy model (RA model), our proposed player taxonomy model can achieve good results: classification is more stable.

Artexte metadata conversion to EPrints: adaptation of digital repository software to visual and media arts documentation

The following research questions structured our analysis: Does an open access institutional repository model respond to the needs of a non-academic documentation centre? Is EPrints software a good match to support the needs of the existing metadata describing Artexte’s collection? What are the customizations required to accommodate the existing Artexte metadata using EPrints? In order to address these questions, in this study we exported the existing metadata schema and sample data in Artexte’s three databases, performed a manual evaluation of metadata quality and compared the 49 Artexte fields to those available within the EPrints schema. We identified the metadata elements that mapped by default without the need for customization or modification and those which would need to be added to EPrints using configuration files. We also identified the customized software development to accommodate Artexte metadata using EPrints: the bilingual controlled vocabulary demands an extension of the EPrints subject taxonomy model with thesaurus semantic relationships. Comparing Artexte and EPrints metadata schemas, we found that 15 out of 49 fields mapped by default without the need for modification, 25 fields would need to be added to EPrints configuration files, and one field will be removed during the migration. With only the remaining eight fields requiring some special attention, we conclude that EPrints is suitable to the needs of Artexte’s bibliographic data management.