Reform Model Research Articles

(Ne)sprovodivost presude "Sejdić - Finci"

In 2009, the European Court of Human Rights concluded with the "Sejdić-Finci" Judgment that the provisions of the Constitution (Annex 4 of the Dayton Peace Agreement) and the Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which regulate the election of members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, violate the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Electoral reform aimed at implementing this and similar judgments of the ECHR is part of the obligations placed on Bosnia and Herzegovina in the process of EU accession. However, there is still no consensus among the political representatives of the constituent peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina on how to implement electoral reforms. In this work, we will attempt to identify a model of electoral reforms that largely respects the goals of the "Sejdić-Finci" judgment and the issue of feasibility or the possibility of achieving consensus within Bosnia and Herzegovina. To achieve this, we will analyze the content of documents relevant to this topic and conduct a comparative analysis of similar judgments and cases. We will present potential models for implementing the "Sejdić-Finci" judgment and, through an analysis of discourse and political views of political representatives of the constituent peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as representatives of the international community and the EU, examine the issue of the feasibility of these models.

Регіональна кластеризація з урахуванням підприємств життєзабезпечення міст

The publication examines the problems of housing and communal services, which consist in the unprofitable operation of housing and communal services enterprises, significant amounts of receivables and payables, outdated equipment and lack of finance for their modernization, etc. Potential participants and directions of socioeconomic development in the form of a «Regional Cluster of Urban Life Support Enterprises» are formed. The authors propose to integrate urban life support enterprises into a corporation of utilities of water supply, sewerage and heat supply, which will consist of combining: the enterprises from other sectors; the areas of intellectual development, the enterprises for diversification of services; the regional water refinement complexes; the grouped water supply enterprises; and a municipal information and analytical enterprise. It is noted that in the developed countries of the European Union there is a significant number (more than 2 thousand) of quite similar clusters, and up to 100 countries have programs for creating clusters today. Strategic ways for further work on the formation of such cluster formations for urban life support enterprises of Ukrainian cities have been elaborated. These include: 1. Identification of strategic directions of reform and development. 2. Innovative development of management processes. 3. Innovative development of management technology. 4. Innovative development of the enterprise management system. 5. Development of methods of information and analytical support of enterprise management. 6. Proposal of innovative methods and measures for diversification and integration of activities. 7. Proposal of restructuring models. 8. Proposal of models of the public-private reform. 9. Proposal of models of socioeconomic and intellectual clusters as a strategy for innovative development of both the enterprise and the region. 10. Proposal of individual innovative projects (measures) in the sphere of production and commerce to improve financial and economic sustainability and production-economic reliability.

A New Secret of the Youth Olympic Games: A Model for Olympic Facilities Reform

A New Secret of the Youth Olympic Games: A Model for Olympic Facilities Reform

Proposed innovation reform model for the mineral nitrogen fertilizer industry in China to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

<List> <ListItem> <ItemContent> ● The carbon footprint of the nitrogen fertilizer chain has decreased significantly over the last decade. </ItemContent> </ListItem> <ListItem> <ItemContent> ● Different nitrogen fertilizer products have different carbon footprints. </ItemContent> </ListItem> <ListItem> <ItemContent> ● Structural improvement of N fertilizer products can achieve carbon reduction. </ItemContent> </ListItem> </List> Globally, the reduction of excessive N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a central environmental challenge in the 21 century. China has huge associated emissions during both production and land application phases. In addition, 70% of N fertilizer in China is produced and land applied as urea, which has high associated emissions. This study utilized life cycle analysis to compare the carbon emission capacity of different N fertilizers and quantified GHG emissions from different N fertilizer chains within China. This enabled a new innovative reform model to be proposed, which aims to decrease the carbon footprint and increase the net ecosystem carbon budget of China. The results showed that the carbon footprint of the N fertilizer industry was about 229 Tg·yr⁻¹ CO₂-eq in 2020. Through changes away from urea through the production and land application of a mix of newly emerging fertilizers, liquid fertilizers and standard fertilizer reductions to 174–182 Tg·yr⁻¹ CO₂-eq. Through the upgrading of mineral N fertilizer production technology, the carbon footprint of N fertilizer chain can be reduced by 34.8 Tg·yr⁻¹ CO_2-eq. Such reductions would reduce China’s total GHG emissions to 140–147 Tg·yr⁻¹ CO₂-eq.

The neo-Weberian state: From ideal type model to reality?

Public sector reforms have been a feature of past decades. Many of these reforms reacted against hierarchy and bureaucracy to shift to markets and networks. Next to New Public Management (NPM) and New Public Governance (NPG), the neo-Weberian state (NWS) also remained a crucial ideal type, certainly for the Western European practice which is embedded in Weberian public administration (PA). A theoretical and empirical question is whether NWS is sustainable and resilient in re-inventing and re-appraising ‘bureaucracy’ in the 21st century. This contribution claims that initially there was an empirical observation, certainly in continental Europe, of neo-Weberian public administration derived from the dynamics of public sector reforms in the second half of the 20th century. It was then ‘upgraded’ as an NWS ideal type model for theoretical reasons. NWS is a hierarchy-driven system within a hierarchy-market-network space. This NWS (based and driven by hierarchy) then moved to one of the normative reform models.

Perspektiven der Erweiterung – ein Versprechen, multiple Szenarien

The European Council granted the status of accession candidates of the European Union (EU) to Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova on 23 June 2022, Georgia could soon follow. The urgent calls of the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for a ‘fast-track’ accession urge for an in-depth examination of the challenges of the accession process itself – in particular as accession procedures in the Western Balkans have stalled as increasingly authoritarian-competitive regimes hold firm to power, but also attitudes towards enlargement within the EU are quite diverse. This contribution presents the reform models under debate (classified as anchor, assistance, and staged models) and attempts to grasp the extent to which they can compensate for the weaknesses of the enlargement process so far.

数智化背景下课程群思政智能化探索与实践 --以外语课程群建设为例

The background of digital intelligence and the construction of New Liberal Arts have put forward the requirements of "optimization of the major", "quality improvement of content " and " innovation of course model" in foreign language teaching. With the purpose of "optimizing the curriculum system", "strengthening value guidance" and "enriching teaching carriers and innovating teaching methods", the article discusses the necessity, the concept, the principle and the intelligent practice path of the construction of curriculum ideology and politics in Foreign Language Course Groups, and puts forward a proposal based on PTBDIOA model teaching reform model of curriculum ideology and politics construction of foreign language courses. It provides a reference for the comprehensive, systematic, standardized and intelligent promotion of the construction of the curriculum ideology and politics of the foreign language series courses.

Measuring the Post-Training Effectiveness of New Training Programs: A Study on DIKLAT PIM Reformer Model

Studies have shown indications of performance improvement due to a training program. In the public sector, this program is highly expected to impact how the officers can demonstrate their capacity to perform their duties well. This program includes a new leadership education and training program called DIKTLAT PIM Model Reformer. This study was aimed at contextually examining the effectiveness of this new model of a training program. This study demonstrated how the basic rule (Regulation of the Head of State Administration Agency Number 13 of 2013 concerning Guidelines for Organizing Level IV Leadership Education and Training) on post-training evaluation was conducted. This current study’s novelty lies in its use of the grounded theory method as an evaluation approach for post-training effectiveness. This current study used the Grounded Theory Method (GTM) and focused on alumni training at the Municipality of Tidore Islands, North Maluku, Indonesia. The results indicated several aspects identified and defined by the alumni concerning the new training program model. The aspects include effectiveness and efficiency improvement, competency measures, leader morality and professionalism, teamwork, source financing, and performance evaluation. This current study enabled its basic regulation on measuring the effectiveness of the training program—DIKTLAT PIM Model Reformer. Future studies are also proposed to overcome this study’s weakness.

Beyond muddy waters: Three Waters reforms required to future-proof water service delivery and protect public health in Aotearoa New Zealand.

A 2016 drinking water-related campylobacteriosis outbreak in Aotearoa New Zealand made much of an entire town sick leading to reforms colloquially called "Three Waters", which aims to improve the management and delivery of waste, storm and drinking water systems. Public discourse on the Three Waters reforms has been dominated by anti-co-governance rhetoric, concerns around privatisation and loss of local control and alternative less comprehensive reform models. This debate has drowned out the fundamental problem statement justifying the reforms, that is, the management of drinking water resources is currently: 1) demonstrably inadequate to protect public health and promote health equity; and 2) economically inefficient. We discuss four areas where the proposed Three Waters reforms are likely to address current and future challenges and improve public health. We conclude by outlining four areas of remaining contention.

Tradition and traditions: From a Model of the Church to a Model of Society – A Response to Challenges in the Black Sea Region

It is a common perception that some of the most conservative institutions in the world are the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. As some say: In 2.000 years, the Church has not changed anything. On the one hand, the statement is true as regards the Tradition of the Church, that is, all that was handed on by the Apostles and contributes toward the holiness of life and increase in faith of the peoples of God (Dei Verbum 8). On the other hand, there is a growth in the understanding of the realities and the words which have been handed down (Dei Verbum 8). In other words, the Church remains the same as regards her essence (this is preserved by Tradition), while she needs to change as regards her historical forms of life (these are traditions). This conference will show the distinction between Tradition and traditions according to Yves Congar, one of the greatest theologians of the twentieth century. His thesis is that the Church must preserve Tradition and reform traditions. To accomplish this goal, that is a true reform within Church without schisms, Congar proposes four conditions for an authentic reform. This conference claims that this model of reform in the Church can be transferred to the present societies in the Black Sea Region. Mutatis mutandis, the four conditions of true reform are applicable to modern societies. Thus, distinguishing between Tradition and traditions, each society can preserve what is essential to its’ own identity and ethos, while accepting the changes suggested by the present and future situations of life

Gender Equality in Islamic Inheritance Law: Rereading Muhammad Shahrur’s Thought

This article shows that the spirit of Islamic inheritance law is justice focusing on the sociological and gender roles of a man and woman in the accumulation of property on their gender role. The difference in the portion of legacy is not determined by sex. Shahrur’s gender responsive-reading of inheritance law text cannot be separated from its historical root and is always discussed with the current social context. Legacy distribution is based on female heirs’ position, while men’s portion adapts to the existence of female heirs, besides the kinship factor. Shahrur’s idea with the theory of hudud is offered to be an alternative model of Indonesian inheritance law reform.

What are the Effects of Project-based English Curriculum on the Development of Learners&amp;#39; Competencies? A Case Study of a Japanese University English Language Program

Japanese English education reform continues to falter, and the same is true of university English education. However, amidst these circumstances, transmission-oriented English education is gaining attention as a methodological approach to English language educational reform. Transmission-oriented English education, in which the authors are also engaged, is a model for reform that shifts the emphasis from the traditional reception-based approach in English education to a more communicative, active learning approach. However, while these educational practices have shown results in terms of excitement in the classroom and subjective satisfaction among learners, there is a lack of objective proof, and the accumulation of research to verify the results objectively is an urgent need. In this paper, we examine the results of the GTEC (Global Test of English Communication)-Academic and TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication), which objectively measure English proficiency, and the GPS (Global Proficiency Skills)-Academic, which objectively measures basic social competencies, in two different groups of participants to determine whether the presence or absence of transmission-oriented English education has contributed to the growth of abilities ranging from subsets of English skills to socially necessary competencies by utilizing statistical verification. One interesting result was that the experimental group that took transmission-oriented English education for one year scored significantly higher in English writing than the group that did not, and since there were no statistically significant differences in any of the other components of English proficiency, we concluded that this could be considered an outcome of transmission-oriented English education.

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURAL REFORM BY IMPLEMENTING THE DIGITAL GOVERNANCE

The structural reform strategy is a major driver for modernizing and developing the work system of institutions and raising their abilities for resilience and flexibility in facing local and international challenges and variables to achieve the sustainable development goals. In this context, the study presents the broad features of the components of structural reform as a major driver towards sustainable development with a global perspective to meet the requirements of sustainable development, as an evolution of the New Public Management perspective as a model for administrative reform. This paper deals with contemporary trends in public administration towards structural reform of institutions and digital governance to face local and international changes and challenges, which look to contribute to achieving sustainable development.

Electoral Reform during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Russia

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant transformations of electoral institutions, and provoked changes in the politics of electoral reforms in some polities. The paper claims that Russia has used a special model of electoral reform during the pandemic that differs from both its previous experience and recommendations of international organizations. The comparative historical method is applied to bridge internal and external explanations that may offer an understanding of the current reform of electoral rule in the Russian political context. The pandemic has become a reason for changing traditional electoral procedures and for implementing this reform. Empirical evidence suggests that the reform has been implemented by a depoliticized technocratic procedure ignoring the principles of political consensus. The reform process implies a shift of the government’s main efforts from decision-making to increasing dependence on propaganda, and informational confrontation with opponents in the subsequent reform cycle. The approach to the implementation of the electoral reform casts doubt on the level of public support for the new procedures and exacerbates political risks.

Syed Ross Masood and a Japanese Model for Education, Nationalism, and Modernity in Hyderabad

AbstractSyed Ross Masood (1889-1937), grandson of the Muslim modernist Syed Ahmad Khan and former principal of Osmania University, traveled in 1922 from India to Japan as Director of Public Instruction for Hyderabad to assess Japan's educational system. In Japan and Its Educational System, a report published in 1923, Masood concluded that education had been key to Japan's rapid modernization and recommended that Hyderabad follow the country's model of modernization and educational reform: transmit Western knowledge through widespread vernacular education, and focus on the imperial tradition, freedom from foreign control, and patriotic nationalism. Masood sought to use mass vernacular education to create in Hyderabad a nationalist subject, loyal to the ruling Muslim dynasty, who absorbed modern scientific knowledge with its Western epistemic foundations but who remained untainted by Western norms. This study contextualizes and historicizes Masood's attempt to create in Hyderabad a new nationalist subject, focusing on his 1923 report about Japan.

Implementasi Reformasi Birokrasi

This study aims to describe the implementation model of bureaucratic reform that has been carried out, both in Indonesia and several other countries. Provide a comprehensive understanding of the importance of bureaucratic reform. The research method used is a library research method from various sources related to bureaucratic reform. The results of this literature review illustrate that bureaucratic reforms that have been carried out in several countries are generally related to two dimensions, namely the organizational dimension and the apparatus human resource dimension. In the context of implementing the implementation of bureaucratic reform at the Provincial Bawaslu and Regency/City Bawaslu, it is necessary to immediately make and determine the Decree of the Bureaucratic Reform Team, make and determine the Decree of Role Models and Agents of Change of Bureaucratic Reform which includes 8 areas of change, preparation of an implementation action plan. bureaucratic reform, filling out the bureaucratic reform evaluation worksheet, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of bureaucratic reform every month.

Demokratizációs remények és aggályok

The article analyzes the political discourse concerning direct democracy between 1985–89, when the issue of introducing popular vote at local and national level became relevant, both as a general institutional reform of political decision-making, and as the result of some major initiatives launched by social movements. The analysis covers the related law journal articles, party-state documents, the writings of political and intellectual elites (including the opposition), and the wider public (mainly daily and weekly newspapers). The discourse analysis is based on the academic literature of direct democracy and some new aspects, like the timing of introducing direct democracy, its role and perspectives, the consideration of threats and benefits, and the relevance of international examples as possible models for reform. The paper finds that the opposition and the party-state regarded the introduction of popular vote differently: while the emerging opposition emphasised the function of controling the state power by popular votes, the party-state expected to stop shrinking its social legitimacy. Meanwhile, general public seemed to be indifferent about this remarkable democratic reform.

Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanisms under the Recovery of CalvoismReform Practices and way forward

As the recovery of the Calvo Doctrine is becoming more and more apparent, the reform practice of the investment dispute settlement mechanism is also affected. The world's major economies have practiced different reform models according to their actual conditions, broadly categorized into the radical abandonment model represented by Latin American countries, the partial improvement model represented by the United States, and the institutional innovation model represented by the European Union. The essence of the Calvo Doctrine's "non-intervention" core corresponds to the field of investment dispute settlement, which is mainly reflected in the host country's opposition to the superior treatment of foreign investors over domestic investors, thus excluding investment disputes from being handled by international investment arbitration bodies. China, as the initiator of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, should follow the trend of Calvo Doctrine recovery in the current reform of the investment dispute settlement mechanism, re-examine the international investment arbitration mechanism based on dialectical analysis of different reform proposals of various economies, explore and build a preventive and alternative approach based on investment dispute prevention and dispute mediation, and respond to the needs of the international community. To address the crisis of the legitimacy of the current investment arbitration under the revival of the Calvo Doctrine, we will explore the investment dispute settlement mechanism under the "One Belt, One Road" initiative from a new perspective with a distinctive Chinese solution.

The Efficiency-Equity Trade-off in a Federal System: Local Financing of Schools and Student Achievement

AbstractFederalism theorists debate the desirability of funding local services from local revenues or inter-governmental grants. Tiebout expects efficiency gains from local funding, but Oates says it perpetuates inequalities. Research using data from national probability samples has yet to show whether efficiency-equity trade-offs are associated with funding sources. We describe the trade-off in education by estimating the effect of revenue share from local sources on math and reading achievement. Data come from national probability samples of student performances on tests administered between 1990 and 2017. Relationships are estimated with OLS descriptive models, event study models of school finance reforms, and geographic discontinuity models that exploit differences in state funding policies. For every ten-percentage point increase in local revenue share, mean achievement rises by 0.05 standard deviations (sd) and socio-economic achievement gaps widen by 0.03sd. Voice and exit channels moderate the size of the efficiency-equity trade-off. Implications for inter-governmental grant policy are discussed.

A New Feature Based Deep Attention Sales Forecasting Model for Enterprise Sustainable Development

In recent years, with the rise of the Internet, e-commerce has become an important field of commodity sales. However, e-commerce is affected by many factors, and the wrong judgment of supply and marketing relationships will bring huge losses to operators. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a model that can effectively achieve high precision sales prediction for ensuring the sustainable development of e-commerce enterprises. In this paper, we propose an e-commerce sales forecasting model that considers the features of many aspects of correlation. In the first layer of the model, the temporal convolutional network (TCN) is used to extract the deep temporal characteristics of univariate sales historical data, which ensures the integrity of temporal information of sales characteristics. In the second layer, the feature selection method based on reinforcement learning is used to filter the effective correlation feature set and combine it with the temporal feature after processing, which not only improves the amount of effective information input by the model, but also avoids the high feature dimension. The third layer of the reformer model learns all the features and pays different attention to the features with different degrees of importance, ensuring the stability of the sales forecast. In the experimental part, we compare the proposed model with the current advanced sales forecasting model, and we can find that the proposed model has higher stability and accuracy.