Processing Mode Research Articles

Ферменты биомассы мицелия грибов Cordyceps militaris и Lentinula edodes в технологии хлеба

Cordyceps militaris and Lentinula edodes are known for their high extracellular proteolytic, amylolytic, and laccase activity, which is important for bakery production. This article describes the effect of enzymes obtained from mycelial biomass of C. militaris and L. edodes on such properties of flour mixes as amylolytic and proteolytic enzymic activity during baking, technological costs, and bread quality. The research featured strains of C. militaris SRG4 and L. edodes 3790 fungi; mycelial biomass powder of these fungi on a sterile grain substrate (rice, wheat); experimental flour mixes of wheat bread and first-grade baking flour with mycelial biomass powder; bread made from the experimental flour mixes. The experimental part included standard methods used in the bakery industry. The mycelial biomass of C. militaris and L. edodes fungi proved to be a promising baking additive because it possessed hydrolytic enzymes and was rich in protein substances (32.2 ± 1.5 and 26.4 ± 2.0%, respectively), specific mushroom polysaccharides (36.7 ± 0.8 and 52.2 ± 1.2%, respectively), and carotenoids (1600 ± 40 mcg/g of C. militaris biomass). The active amylases and proteinases in the mycelial biomass powder improved the sugar-forming ability and reduced the falling number. In addition, they raised the amount of washed gluten with a slight decrease in elasticity, as well as provided an acceptable structure and viscosity of the dough at 1–4% of mycelial biomass powder. This dose resulted in an optimal bread formulation of standard quality. A bigger amount caused the crumb to darken and increased its humidity while reducing the specific volume. The bread samples with C. militaris were too acid. Mycelial biomass of C. militaris and L. edodes proved to be a good source of enzymes to be used with grain substrates in bakery production. Further research is needed to define the optimal dose and processing modes.

Followers’ Cognitive Elaboration of Sponsored Influencer Content: The Significance of Argument Quality

Social media influencers have emerged as effective brand endorsers, yet a gap remains in understanding their followers’ cognitive engagement with sponsored posts. To address this issue, we conducted a study guided by parasocial theories and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). Follower status (follower/non-follower) and persuasive argument quality (weak/strong) were manipulated among study participants (N = 163) to discern the prevailing processing mode triggered by sponsored influencer content. Based on parasocial theories, we predicted that followers who have established parasocial relationships with influencers should show high situational engagement with their content. Our results demonstrated that argument quality influenced followers’ brand evaluation and purchase intention, whereas non-followers were unaffected by it. These findings suggest that followers are more likely to elaborate on influencer content compared with non-followers. Interestingly, some signs of biased processing were evident. These results contribute to our understanding of how followers engage with sponsored content and shed light on the mechanisms underlying the persuasiveness of influencer marketing.

Оптимизация технологических параметров хлорирующего обжига окисленной составляющей изгари

To date, in the world zinc production, the main share of zinc consumption up to 50% is accounted for by the processes of galvanizing products. An important factor affecting the efficiency of the hot-dip galvanizing process is the loss of zinc associated with the formation of surface (zinc burn) and bottom (gartzink) waste. Of great interest for the processing of dross is the use of metal chlorination technology. The optimal technological parameters of the firing process were established in the work, where deep sublimation of impurity metals was achieved to obtain pure zinc oxide, suitable for use as a mineral additive in animal and bird feed. It was found that the use of a mixture of chlorinating reagents with a consumption of CaCl2 and NH4Cl of 3% and 7%, respectively, provides high-quality commercial zinc oxide with a minimum content of impurities, % wt: 0.02 Pb; 0.04 Fe; 0.01 Ni; 0.01 Cu; Cd traces. Optimal technological parameters and firing process modes were established: temperature – 1000°C; duration – 60 minutes; chlorinating reagent – mixture (CaCl2 + NH4Cl): CaCl2 consumption – 3% of the weight of the initial sample; NH4Cl consumption – 7% of the weight of the initial sample; air consumption – 0.1 l/min. In this paper, the results obtained will be used to conduct balance experiments on firing the oxidized component of the dross together with chlorinating reagents.

STRENGTHENING OF THE SURFACE BY FRICTION

The study is devoted to the application of the method of surface hardening by friction Object of study - the process of surface hardening by friction.Subject of study - samples of 65G steel the method allows achieving high values of hardness, strength and wear resistance of materials in a short time and at much lower cost compared to other processing methods. The aim and objectives of the study are to investigate the nature of surface hardening of steel samples by friction. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are envisaged: manufacturing samples from 65G steel in the form of plates, preliminary heat treatment of samples for their maximum thermal hardening, hardening of the surface of samples by friction, analysis of the microstructure and microhardness of each sample, comparison of the microstructure, microhardness and depth of hardening of these samples, conclusions on the influence of processing factors on the hardening result. Based on the experimental data obtained, we constructed graphs of microhardness changes in the cross-section of the samples and studied the microstructures. It can be seen that after friction treatment, a layer with a modified structure is formed in the surface of the samples. The microhardness of the surface is significantly higher (approximately 2 times) than the microhardness of the main part in the samples. Metallographic analysis has shown that the layer formed in the samples has a martensitic structure characterized by a higher degree of dispersion and microhardness compared to the martensitic structure obtained during the previous heat treatment. Changes in the microstructure and microhardness of the samples that were surface hardened using different processing modes were compared. Certain differences in the characteristics of their hardened «white» layers were found. It is also shown that the hardened «white» layer is located along the entire length of the surface in the samples and is continuous and homogeneous.

DESIGN FEATURES OF ART PRODUCTS MADE BY LASER CUTTING METHOD

The study uses a specific example to show the design of a three-dimensional artistic product, the elements of which are obtained using gas laser cutting. The sequence of technological stages of manufacturing such an artistic product is given. The main technological cutting parameters for sheet steel and brass are presented. In order to analyse the influence of the technological properties of the processed material and the thickness of the metal on the technological parameters and processing modes, different materials for laser cutting were chosen: steel and brass. It is shown that the achievements of modern science and technology can be applied in the jewellery industry and allow solving any problems of industrial jewellery design. The artistic products presented in the article are chess pieces and were made as part of a diploma design.

A study on three coalescence modes of non-collinear parallel elliptical double cracks

Based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model, this study focused on the coalescence modes of non-collinear parallel elliptical double cracks in a homogeneous plate, and the coalescence modes of elliptical double cracks under different horizontal distances and vertical distances were investigated. The ratio of horizontal distance s to crack length a was taken as the horizontal axis, the ratio of vertical distance h to crack length a was taken as the vertical axis to plot the graph, then the coalescence modes were summarized and compared with the coalescence modes of linear double cracks. It was found that the non-collinear parallel elliptical double cracks exhibited three coalescence modes: crack tip to crack tip coalescing, crack interval to crack interval coalescing, and crack tip to crack interval coalescing. Each coalescence mode had its own characteristics. The three coalescence modes were distributed regularly in three regions in the graph with s/a and h/a as coordinates. When the horizontal distance s and the vertical distance h between the double cracks were equal respectively, there were significant differences in the crack propagation process and coalescence modes between elliptical double cracks and linear double cracks.

УПРОЧНЕНИЕ МЕТАЛЛОРЕЖУЩЕГО ИНСТРУМЕНТА ЭЛЕКТРОИСКРОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКОЙ

Metal-cutting tools during the machining of parts by cutting experience high strength and thermal loads, causing wear of the cutting edges. Increasing the wear resistance of the cutting edges of a metal-cutting tool is an urgent task. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the causes of wear of end mills and drills and proposing the most rational method of hardening metal-cutting tools. (Materials and methods) End mills and drills were chosen as the object of research. The BIG-5 installation with the use of electrodes made of hard alloys VK8 and T15K6 was used to harden metal-cutting tools. It was pointed out that relatively mild electrical modes with pulse energy from 0.05 to 0.2 joules are used to harden drills and end mills, the thickness of the applied coating layer in such modes is 10-30 micrometers. (Results and discussion) It was noted that the performed analysis of the applied hardening methods confirmed the feasibility of using electric spark processing for these purposes. The optimal modes of electric spark processing were selected on the basis of previous studies. Comparative tests for wear resistance of samples from materials of end mills (P18) and drills (P6M5) were performed. It was shown that when using electrodes made of T15K6, the wear resistance of the samples increases by 1.85 times for P18 and by 8 times for P6M5. Comparative tests of hardened end mills and drills for wear resistance were carried out. The indicator was the number of processed parts. (Conclusions) The result of using the electric spark processing method to harden the cutting tool was an increase in the life of end mills by 3.8 times, drills by 2.25 times. The productivity of manufacturing parts has increased.

An Enhanced FGI-GSRx Software-Defined Receiver for the Execution of Long Datasets.

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software-defined receivers offer greater flexibility, cost-effectiveness, customization, and integration capabilities compared to traditional hardware-based receivers, making them essential for a wide range of applications. The continuous evolution of GNSS research and the availability of new features require these software-defined receivers to upgrade continuously to facilitate the latest requirements. The Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI) has been supporting the GNSS research community with its open-source implementations, such as a MATLAB-based GNSS software-defined receiver `FGI-GSRx' and a Python-based implementation `FGI-OSNMA' for utilizing Galileo's Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA). In this context, longer datasets are crucial for GNSS software-defined receivers to support adaptation, optimization, and facilitate testing to investigate and develop future-proof receiver capabilities. In this paper, we present an updated version of FGI-GSRx, namely, FGI-GSRx-v2.0.0, which is also available as an open-source resource for the research community. FGI-GSRx-v2.0.0 offers improved performance as compared to its previous version, especially for the execution of long datasets. This is carried out by optimizing the receiver's functionality and offering a newly added parallel processing feature to ensure faster capabilities to process the raw GNSS data. This paper also presents an analysis of some key design aspects of previous and current versions of FGI-GSRx for a better insight into the receiver's functionalities. The results show that FGI-GSRx-v2.0.0 offers about a 40% run time execution improvement over FGI-GSRx-v1.0.0 in the case of the sequential processing mode and about a 59% improvement in the case of the parallel processing mode, with 17 GNSS satellites from GPS and Galileo. In addition, an attempt is made to execute v2.0.0 with MATLAB's own parallel computing toolbox. A detailed performance comparison reveals an improvement of about 43% in execution time over the v2.0.0 parallel processing mode for the same GNSS scenario.

The emotional aftermath of choices: Examining how value-congruent behavior and paradox mindset support confident decision making

This article explores the emotional aftermath of public managers’ decision making in contradictory situations involving conflicting values. Drawing on contingency and paradox theory, the article investigates the impact of two processing modes – value-congruent behavior and paradox mindset – on decision-making confidence. The study surveyed 400 public school managers from the German-speaking part of Switzerland and conducted Spearman Rho correlations to test the hypotheses. According to the results of the study and its replication, about thirty percent of the public managers made decisions that were congruent with their individual hierarchy of values, but value-congruent behavior does not significantly support confident decision making. Conversely, paradox mindset appears to be more effective in supporting confident decision making, especially in the value conflict between ‘justice’ and ‘critique’.

Unravelling inter-relations within and between psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology using network analysis.

Psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology are closely inter-related, but more detailed insight is needed. We investigated these complex inter-relations using network analysis. A Gaussian graphical model in a sample of N = 2232 psychotherapeutic inpatients was estimated. Self-administered questionnaires to assess interpersonal relations (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32), psychodynamic conflicts (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis-Conflict Questionnaire), personality functioning (Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis-Structure Questionnaire-Short Form, Inventory of Personality Organization-Short Form), and psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory) were utilized. We investigated the network structure, identified the most inter-related psychodynamic constructs and the psychodynamic constructs with the strongest inter-relations to psychopathology, and explored the clustering of all included constructs. Active and passive conflict processing modes were negatively inter-related in most conflicts. Passive conflict processing modes were more strongly related to psychopathology than active ones in all conflicts, apart from the care versus autarky conflict. Identity diffusion shared the strongest inter-relations within psychodynamic constructs. The psychodynamic constructs that were most strongly related to psychopathology were impairments in self-perception and the passive self-worth conflict. Psychopathology and psychodynamic constructs formed distinct clusters. Our results emphasize the relevance of personality functioning within psychodynamic constructs and in relation to psychopathology.

Ways to improve the properties of high-entropy alloys Cantor CoCrFeNiMn and CoCrFeNiAl

Created one of the first and studied more than 20 years ago, high-entropy five-component alloys CoCrFeNiMn (Cantor alloy) and CoCrFeNiAl still attract the attention of researchers in the field of physical materials science due to their possible application in various industries because of their successful combination of strength and plastic properties. To date, a large amount of experimental materials has been accumulated on the ways to control the properties of these alloys. This article reviews the publications of domestic and foreign authors in two areas of improving the properties of these alloys: alloying, precipitation and heat treatment, and the use of CALPHAD phase diagrams. In the first direction, the role of alloying with B, Al, V, Si, Nb is analyzed; γ and γ′ nanoprecipitations, various modes of thermal and deformation processing. It was concluded that it is necessary to conduct experiments on the alloying of HEAs with Zr and Nb, which have proven themselves well in hardening steels. Creation and modification of the properties of five-component HEAs is possible using the CALPHAD computer programs developed for calculating state diagrams. The results of publications on the thermodynamic description of five-component alloys analyzed in the article are confirmed by comparing the phase diagrams with the available experimental data. In one of the analyzed works on the phase formation of five-component HEAs consisting of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Al, Mn, Cu, 2436 compositions were considered, which made it possible to determine 1761 variants of reliab­le prediction of the formation of bcc/B2 and fcc phases, bypassing amorphous phases and intermetallic compounds, thereby designing a certain level of mechanical properties. It is shown that the design of a new generation of HEAs is possible based on calculation of the CALPHAD phase diagrams.

Improving Hadoop MapReduce performance on heterogeneous single board computer clusters

Over the past decade, Apache Hadoop has become a leading framework for big data processing. Single board computer (SBC) clusters, predominantly adopting Raspberry Pi (RPi), have been employed to explore the potential of MapReduce processing in terms of low power and cost because, capital costs aside, power consumption has also become a primary concern in many industries. After building SBC clusters, it is prevalent to consider adding more nodes, particularly newer generation SBCs, to the existing clusters or replacing old (or inactive) nodes with new ones to improve performance, inevitably causing heterogeneous SBC clusters. The Hadoop framework on these heterogeneous SBC clusters creates challenging new problems due to computing resource discrepancies in each node. Native Hadoop does not carefully consider the heterogeneity of the cluster nodes. Consequently, heterogeneous SBC Hadoop clusters result in significant performance variation or, more critically, persistent node failures. This paper proposes a new Hadoop Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN) architecture design to improve MapReduce performance on heterogeneous SBC Hadoop clusters with tight computing resources. We newly implement two main scheduling policies on Hadoop YARN based on the correct computing resource information that each SBC node provides: (1) two (master-driven vs. slave-driven) MapReduce task scheduling frameworks to determine more effective processing modes and (2) ApplicationMaster (AM) and reduce task distribution mechanisms to provide the best Hadoop performance by minimizing performance variation. Thus, the proposed Hadoop framework makes the best use of the performance-frugal SBC Hadoop cluster by intelligently distributing MapReduce tasks to each node. To our knowledge, the proposed framework is the first redesigned Hadoop YARN architecture to address various challenging problems particularly on heterogeneous SBC Hadoop clusters for big data processing. The extensive experiments with Hadoop benchmarks demonstrate that the redesigned framework performs better performance than the native Hadoop by an average of 2.55× and 1.55× under I/O intensive and CPU-intensive workloads, respectively.

New perspective into the interaction behavior explore of Nano-berberine with alpha-lactalbumin in the presence of beta-lactoglobulin: Multi-spectroscopic and molecular dynamic investigations

The present study was focus on the interaction of alpha lactalbumin (α-LA) and Nano-berberine (Nano-Ber) in the absence and presence of beta lactoglobulin (β-LG) as binary and ternary systems by the exertion of different spectroscopic techniques, conductometry, β-galactosidase activity, and molecular simulation measurements. The outcomes of fluorescence quenching clarified the dominance of static quenching mechanism throughout the interaction of α-LA-Nano-Ber and (α-LA-β-LG) Nano-Ber complexes and also determined the KSV values to be (4.68±0.05) × 104 and (5.18±0.06) × 104 M−1, respectively. The measured thermodynamic parameters exhibited the participation of electrostatic forces in the binding interaction of α-LA and α-LA-β-LG complex with Nano-Ber. Moreover, the negative value of ΔG0 represents the spontaneous mode of this binding process in both systems. Synchronous fluorescence and resonance light scattering data demonstrated the impact of β-LG attendance on altering the interaction behavior of α-LA and Nano-Ber. The changes in the secondary structure of both proteins were affirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) technique. According to the displayed β-galactosidase activity in the Michaelis-Menten plot of both binary and ternary systems, a greater Vmax refers to the stronger affinity of lactose and lactose hydrolysis that can be effective on the lactose intolerance regarding dairy products. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations were employed to simulate the atomic-level interactions and explore the stability and conformational changes of protein-Nano Ber complexes over time. The results of these comprehensive biophysical investigations shed light on the binding characteristics, structural alterations, and dynamic behavior of Nano-Ber upon interaction with α-lactalbumin in the absence and presence of β-lactoglobulin as the binary and ternary systems. This study reveals the Nano-Ber role in the protein–protein interaction behavior and provides valuable insights into the potential applications of α-lactalbumin in the design of functional food formulations and drug delivery systems

Ансамбль онтологических моделей для обеспечения интеллектуальной поддержки лазерных аддитивных технологических процессов

Barriers hindering the use of additive manufacturing processes for metal parts production are discussed. The necessity of integrating an intelligent decision support system (DSS) into the professional activities of laser additive manufactur-ing engineers is substantiated. The advantages of the developed ontological two-level approach for forming semantic information are highlighted. This approach's peculiarity lies in separating ontological models from the databases and knowledge formed on their basis—target information. The ontology dictates the rules for the structured formation and interpretation of target information. An ensemble of ontological models, forming the foundation of the developed intel-ligent system, is presented. The composition of the ensemble, the purpose of its individual components, and possible types of connections between them are described. The ensemble includes ontologies for reference databases on equip-ment and materials for laser additive manufacturing, an archive of protocols for technological operations of laser pro-cessing, a knowledge base about settings for laser processing modes, and a database of mathematical models. The en-semble of ontological models is implemented on the IACPaaS cloud platform using its tools. Ontologies, databases, knowledge bases, and a decision support system are part of the Laser Additive Manufacturing Knowledge Portal. Ac-cumulating and using the knowledge and experience from different technologists in the portal will reduce the number of preliminary experiments needed to identify suitable technological modes and lower the qualification requirements for users of technological equipment.

Interaction of Mechanical Characteristics in Workpiece Subsurface Layers with Drilling Process Energy Characteristics

The performance properties of various types of parts are predominantly determined by the subsurface layer forming methods of these parts. In this regard, cutting processes, which are the final stage in the manufacturing process of these parts and, of course, their subsurface layers, play a critical role in the formation of the performance properties of these parts. Such cutting processes undoubtedly include the drilling process, the effect of which on the mechanical characteristics of the drill holes subsurface layers is evaluated in this study. This effect was evaluated by analyzing the coincidence of the energy characteristics of the short hole drilling process with the mechanical characteristics of the drilled holes’ subsurface layers. The energy characteristics of the short-hole drilling process were the total drilling power and the cutting work in the tertiary cutting zone, which is predominantly responsible for the generation of mechanical characteristics in the subsurface layers. As mechanical characteristics of the drill holes’ subsurface layers were used, the microhardness of machined surfaces and total indenter penetration work determined by the instrumented nanoindentation method, as well as maximal indenter penetration depth, were determined by the sclerometry method. Through an analysis of the coincidence between the energy characteristics of the drilling process and the mechanical characteristics of the subsurface layers, patterns of the effect of drilling process modes, drill feed, and cutting speed, which essentially determine these energy characteristics, on the studied mechanical characteristics have been established. At the same time, the increase in the energy characteristics of the short-hole drilling process leads to a decrease in the total indenter penetration work and the maximum indenter penetration depth simultaneously with an increase in the microhardness of the drilled holes’ subsurface layers.

Определение скорости электрохимического растворения стали У10А в условиях ЭХРО с неподвижным катодом-инструментом

Introduction. In blank production, when replacing hard alloys with tool steels, difficulties arise in shaping surfaces to ensure the required parameters of productivity, quality and accuracy, due to the presence of incomplete information for assigning electrochemical processing modes for this class of materials. This fact requires additional research to determine rational processing modes that provide the necessary technological parameters (productivity, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness). The purpose of the work is to conduct research to establish the patterns of electrochemical shaping of tool steels and determine the modes of the shaping process. The work investigated the features of anodic dissolution of U10A tool steel in an aqueous NaCl solution of 10 % concentration. The range of potential changes was from 0 to 8 V. Technological performance parameters were determined (current output for the main reaction and the rate of electrochemical dissolution at a voltage of 8 V and an electrolyte pressure of 0.1 MPa). Research methods. For polarization studies, a potentiodynamic research method was chosen. Technological experiments were carried out using the model of piercing holes with a stationary cathode-tool made of stainless steel without insulation. A circular cross-section with outer diameters of 0.908 mm and inner diameters of 0.603 mm was chosen as a cathode tool. Results and discussions: it is revealed that the electrochemical dissolution of U10A tool steel in a 10 % aqueous solution of NaCl is active in the studied potential range from 0 to 8 V. The technological experiments carried out made it possible to establish the dimensions of the resulting holes — an average diameter of 1.433 mm and a depth of 0.574 mm. The current efficiency was 70.83 %. Based on the analysis of the experimental data obtained, it is established that in order to ensure high productivity of the process of electrochemical forming of U10A steel in a solution of 10 % NaCl, the feed of the cathode tool should be 0.2232 mm/min, which corresponds to the rate of electrochemical dissolution under the studied forming conditions.

Влияние технологических параметров процесса прямого лазерного выращивания на качество формируемого объекта из титанового сплава ВТ23

Introduction. Laser engineered net shaping (LENS) or Direct metal deposition (DMD) is considered as a promising method for manufacturing products of complex configurations from titanium-based alloys, as it allows minimizing the use of machining and loss of material to waste. Currently, neither the LENS technological process of titanium alloy VT23 has not been developed, nor the structural features of the alloy after LENS have not been studied, which will make it possible to determine the scope of application of the material after LENS. The purpose of this study is to determine optimal modes of the LENS process for manufacturing of quality parts from titanium alloy VT23. Methodology. The alloy specimens obtained with laser power 700÷1300 W in increments of 100 W and scanning speed 600÷1,000 mm/min in increments of 200 mm/min and distance between adjacent laser tracks 0.5–0.9L (L — track width) in increments of 0.2L were analyzed in the study. The elemental composition of the powder material was studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis and reducing combustion in a gas analyzer, the structure of the objects obtained by LENS was analyzed by metallographic and X-ray phase analysis methods as well as microhardness was determined. Results and discussion. It is established that high-quality objects without cracks, with low porosity can be synthesized from VT23 alloy by LENS method using the following modes: laser power 700÷1100 W, scanning speed 800–1,000 mm/min, track spacing 0.5–0.7 of the individual track width L. It is shown that after all investigated LENS modes, the VT23 alloy had a dispersed (α+β) structure of the “basket weave” type. It is revealed that regardless of LENS mode the amount of β-phase in the alloy structure is about 30 %. It is shown that the microhardness of the deposited material does not depend on LENS modes and is 460 HV.

Batched sparse and mixed-precision linear algebra interface for efficient use of GPU hardware accelerators in scientific applications

Batched Sparse Linear Algebra has become an emergent processing mode on modern hardware accelerators based on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) developed over the years to serve as the main compute devices in the largest computing clusters and supercomputers. We propose a set solver interface designs for batched sparse numerical solvers on these hardware accelerators. We motivate our specific designs by both their use in scientific applications of national importance and also by the possibility of implementing them in an efficient and portable manner with multiple options for vendor-specific optimizations. We present the C language interface calls for the linker-agnostic interchange of functional entry points. We also show how using C++ for the batched solvers simplifies the interface design while giving the user much broader set of opportunities for customization, testing, and debugging. We also cover in our proposals the option of exploiting multiple floating-point arithmetic precisions to directly match the application needs in terms of accuracy. Finally, a selected sample of performance experiments show how our proposed interface can be efficiently implemented to outperform the available alternatives many times over. In the end, we plan for an ongoing evolution of our newly proposed interface standard to keep up with the updates in programming languages, accelerator hardware, and application needs.

Determining the optimal parameters of hydrostabilization process of pyro-condensate in the presence of a nickel-chrome catalyst with the method of mathematical statistics

The aim of the work was to obtain mathematical static estimates of the influence of various factors on the degree of hydrostabilization of pyrocondensate obtained during the pyrolysis of straight-run gasoline, and an attempt to determine the most optimal process mode. The experimental data obtained earlier made it possible to determine the temperature range, duration, volume of the catalyst, and the ratio of hydrogen to feedstock necessary for the effective hydrostabilization of the pyrocondensate, which made it possible to narrow the range of variation of the process parameters. At the same time, the task was set to find the optimal conditions that ensure the maximum degree of hydrogenation of the condensate. The planning of the experiment was carried out according to the scheme of a full factorial experiment 24. According to the results of an active experiment carried out using mathematical planning methods, the major role of variable factors was determined, a mathematical model was obtained, and the optimal mode for conducting the pyro-condensate hydrostabilization process with the presence of a nickel-chromium catalyst was determined: temperature - 80° C, the ratio of hydrogen volume to raw material, equal to 0.3, catalyst volume - 5 sm3, process duration - 120 min. The temperature has the greatest influence on the degree of pyro-condensate hydrogenation.

Synergistic information supports modality integration and flexible learning in neural networks solving multiple tasks.

Striking progress has been made in understanding cognition by analyzing how the brain is engaged in different modes of information processing. For instance, so-called synergistic information (information encoded by a set of neurons but not by any subset) plays a key role in areas of the human brain linked with complex cognition. However, two questions remain unanswered: (a) how and why a cognitive system can become highly synergistic; and (b) how informational states map onto artificial neural networks in various learning modes. Here we employ an information-decomposition framework to investigate neural networks performing cognitive tasks. Our results show that synergy increases as networks learn multiple diverse tasks, and that in tasks requiring integration of multiple sources, performance critically relies on synergistic neurons. Overall, our results suggest that synergy is used to combine information from multiple modalities-and more generally for flexible and efficient learning. These findings reveal new ways of investigating how and why learning systems employ specific information-processing strategies, and support the principle that the capacity for general-purpose learning critically relies on the system's information dynamics.