Manufacturing Mode Research Articles

The Opportunities and Challenges of “Made in China” under the New Model of Intelligent Manufacturing

This paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by China’s manufacturing industry under the situation of intelligent manufacturing mode, and puts forward two routes which should be taken in the development of intelligent manufacturing in our country, and take the new round of global technological revolution and industrial revolution as the background and combine the development of our country’s manufacturing industry. Emphasizing to step-by-step, step by step to promote the construction of intelligent factories, in the process to focus on product innovation and enhance the reliability of product quality, to develop intelligent manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing services for China’s intelligent manufacturing In the industry to promote the application.

Supply chain scheduling in a collaborative manufacturing mode: model construction and algorithm design

In collaborative manufacturing, the supply chain scheduling problem becomes more complex according to both multiple product demands and multiple production modes. Aiming to obtain a reasonable solution to this complexity, we analyze the characteristics of collaborative manufacturing and design some elements, including production parameters, order parameters, and network parameters. We propose four general types of collaborative manufacturing networks and then construct a supply chain scheduling model composed of the processing costs, inventory costs, and two penalty costs of the early completion costs and tardiness costs. In our model, by considering the urgency of different orders, we design a delivery time window based on the least production time and slack time. Additionally, due to the merit of continuously processing orders belonging to the same product type, we design a production cost function by using a piecewise function. To solve our model efficiently, we present a hybrid ant colony optimization (HACO) algorithm. More specifically, the Monte Carlo algorithm is incorporated into our HACO algorithm to improve the solution quality. We also design a moving window award mechanism and dynamic pheromone update strategy to improve the search efficiency and solution performance. Computational tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

Multilevel Coordinate Optimization of Cloud Manufacturing

In order to solve the allocation and logistics service resources in cloud manufacturing environment coordination and optimization, based on the analysis of operation mode of cloud manufacturing and resources allocation process, fully consider the group of cloud manufacturing platforms, the author made a model concerning coordination and optimization of multi-layer cloud which includes public and private cloud. The experiment shows that the model is effective.

Tree cricket baffles are manufactured tools

AbstractTree crickets use sound to attract mates and make acoustic baffles to increase their sound production efficiency. It has been recently discovered that these insects use a flexible yet inherited behavioural programme to make acoustically optimal baffles. Whether these baffles qualify as tools, however, remains controversial. Here, baffle‐using and baffle‐making behaviours are analysed using the most current and authoritative definition of tool use. The current definition of tool use does not require the tool to be detached from the substrate and includes attached but manipulable external objects. Given this schema, tree cricket baffles, which are attached but manipulated prior to use, must be considered tools. The mode of manufacture for a baffle is “Subtract,” and the mode of use is “Drape”.

Research on Mechanisms and Controlling Methods of Macro Defects in TC4 Alloy Fabricated by Wire Additive Manufacturing.

Wire feeding additive manufacturing (WFAM) has broad application prospects because of its advantages of low cost and high efficiency. However, with the mode of lateral wire feeding, including wire and laser additive manufacturing, gas tungsten arc additive manufacturing etc., it is easy to generate macro defects on the surface of the components because of the anisotropy of melted wire, which limits the promotion and application of WFAM. In this work, gas tungsten arc additive manufacturing with lateral wire feeding is proposed to investigate the mechanisms of macro defects. The results illustrate that the defect forms mainly include side spatters, collapse, poor flatness, and unmelted wire. It was found that the heat input, layer thickness, tool path, and wire curvature can have an impact on the macro defects. Side spatters are the most serious defects, mainly because the droplets cannot be transferred to the center of the molten pool in the lateral wire feeding mode. This research indicates that the macro defects can be controlled by optimizing the process parameters. Finally, block parts without macro defects were fabricated, which is meaningful for the further application of WFAM.

A Simulation Method to Evaluate Manufacturing Service in Cloud Manufacturing

Since the globalization of manufacturing, the manufacturing has been a rapid development and emerges many new developed manufacturing modes such as Cloud Manufacturing (CM), while meets more complex manufacturing problems at the same time. For example, evaluation of service is a key for the transaction process of CM service. Thus, this paper introduces a simulation method to evaluate manufacturing service. Firstly, the research status of CM service evaluation was discussed. Then, the mapping relationship between manufacturing service and simulation model was given out. After that, by modeling, unique evaluation indices for service consumers and providers were provided to make decisions. Lastly, an implementation case was given to verify the feasibility of the method.

An investigation on establishing small- and medium-sized enterprises communities under the environment of social manufacturing

Manufacturing industry has become professionalization, socialized, service-oriented, and collaborative, so lots of professional and socialized small- and medium-sized enterprises spring up to provide product–service for satisfying customers’ requirements. Faced with this trend, a new manufacturing mode called social manufacturing has been proposed to aggregate these small- and medium-sized enterprises into communities for mass individualization manufacturing. As the basis of social manufacturing, small- and medium-sized enterprises communities are established by two steps. First, the socialized manufacturing resources of the small- and medium-sized enterprises are described and similar socialized manufacturing resources are clustered into one socialized manufacturing resources community by growing hierarchical self-organizing map algorithm. Suitable socialized manufacturing resources communities are selected and then the socialized manufacturing resources are mapped into small- and medium-sized enterprises. Second, these small- and medium-sized enterprises form a community to complete the order together. Product cost and delivery time serve as the indicator for order allocating in the small- and medium-sized enterprises community. A multi-objective algorithm is proposed to tackle the order allocation problem. A case from a professional printing firm is analyzed to validate the proposed methodology and model. Some rules are revealed and these rules are useful for guiding practical production. The study endorses the establishing small- and medium-sized enterprises communities under the environment of social manufacturing and suggests extensive practical implications.

Spectral analysis and power spectral density evaluation in Al2O3 nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication milling of 45 steel

Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) is one of the main modes of sustainable manufacturing. It is an environment-friendly, energy-saving, and highly efficient lubrication method. With the use of nanoparticles, the tribological properties of debris–tool and workpiece–tool interfaces will change. However, spectrum analyses of force and power spectral density (PSD) of surface microstructures are limited. In the present work, the milling force, friction coefficient, specific energy, surface roughness, and surface microstructure of debris were evaluated in milling of 45 steel for different lubrication conditions, namely, dry, flood, minimum quantity lubrication, and Al2O3 NMQL. Results demonstrated that compared with other lubrication conditions, NMQL achieves minimum milling force peak (Fx = 270 N, Fy = 160 N, Fz = 50 N), friction coefficient (μ = 1.039), specific energy (U = 65.5 J/mm3), and surface roughness value (Ra = 2.254 μm, RSm = 0.0562 mm). Furthermore, a spectrum analysis of the milling force and PSD of the surface microstructure was conducted for validation. The spectral analysis of milling force revealed that NMQL obtained the lowest milling force and amplitude in the middle-frequency region, thereby indicating the minimum abrasion loss of the tool. Meanwhile, the PSD analysis indicated that NMQL had the lowest proportional coefficient in the low-frequency region (0.4766) and the highest proportional coefficient in the high-frequency region (0.0569). These results revealed that the workpiece surface gained by Al2O3 NMQL obtained higher wave fineness than other working conditions. By combining with the lowest Ra, NMQL contributes the best workpiece surface quality. Therefore, machining experiments using NMQL showed the best lubrication performance.

Study on pricing behaviour and capacity allocation of cloud manufacturing service platform

Cloud manufacturing service platform plays a very important role in cloud manufacturing service. In this work, using the business management mode of cloud manufacturing service platform as the research object, the pricing problem in a new market structure under cloud manufacturing mode, which consists of a cloud manufacturing service user, two cloud manufacturing service providers and a monopoly cloud manufacturing service platform manufacturer, was studied. Based on the research of bilateral market theory, the pricing model of cloud manufacturing service platform is designed, and the cloud manufacturing service provider carries on Hotelling game to the service request of cloud manufacturing service consumer. Finally, the distribution result of service capability of cloud manufacturing service platform is obtained. Through solving the model, the optimal pricing strategy of cloud manufacturing service platform when profit is maximized and the optimal allocation result of production capacity of the platform are obtained. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by a calculation example. It is also found that the profit of cloud manufacturing service platform is inversely related to the indirect network parameters.

Self-organization Evolution Model of Cloud Manufacturing Service Collaborative Network

This paper studies the interaction of manufacturing services in cloud manufacturing mode, and puts forward the model of self-organization evolution of manufacturing services driven by QoS.In this model to comprehensively consider the merit of manufacturing services QoS driven, dynamics of collaborative relationship and connection of binding etc, the study reveals the nature of the manufacture mode of cloud services collaboration and evolution provides a new method, in order to further explore the cloud manufacturing system dynamics to provide theoretical basis.

Social manufacturing for high-end apparel customization

Social manufacturing (SM), a novel distributed, collaborative and intelligent manufacturing mode, is proposed and developed for high-end apparel customization. The main components of SM cloud are designed, and its research topics are summarized. Then, SM's key technologies are studied. 3D technologies for apparel customization, like 3D modeling, 3D fitting mirror and 3D customization, are developed to improve the customization precision and user experience. Information based collaborative management is realized to share, communicate, and handle the information efficiently among all groups and individuals of SM cloud. Suppliers' evaluation mechanism is designed to support the optimal decisions making. Next, SM cloud is constructed in five layers for high-end apparel customization. By using SM cloud based crowd-sourcing, social resources can be allocated rationally and utilized efficiently, consumer can customize the product in any processes like innovation, design, making, marketing and service, and traditional apparel enterprise can be upgraded into SM mode for keeping it competitive in the future customization markets.

Combination of cloud manufacturing and 3D printing: research progress and prospect

The development of information, materials science, and technology has led to profound changes in manufacturing. Many new ideas and technologies have emerged in recent years, such as cloud manufacturing and 3D printing. Cloud manufacturing (CM) is a new type of networked manufacturing mode proposed in 2010, and 3D printing is an example of new manufacturing methods. CM and 3D printing both have significant influence in the manufacturing mode and manufacturing method and are already research hotspots in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. What kind of innovations will be produced when they integrate? To explore this issue, this paper first analyses the characteristics of cloud manufacturing and 3D printing. Second, the combination research of cloud manufacturing and 3D printing in recent years is studied, including 3D printing cloud platform (3D–PCP) service architectures, 3D printing resource access technology, 3D printing service optimized configuration technology, 3D printing service control and monitoring technology, and 3D printing service evaluation technology. There are several research achievements and commercial application cases of 3D–PCP, but a true sense of 3D printing cloud ecology from the perspective of a manufacturing system has not been formed to date. On the basis of the survey and analysis, this paper highlights the shortcomings in current research and proposes development suggestions of the combination of 3D printing and cloud manufacturing, including the potential research direction of 3D–PCP system modes, the Internet of Things in 3D printing, and the 3D printing service process control and evaluation.

Two-dimensional optimization mechanism and method for on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service

Abstract The on-demand supply mode of cloud manufacturing is significant in enlivening the manufacturing resources over a wide range. However, problems in coupling and contradiction exist among individuation, cost and response time in the on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service, thus decreasing the efficiency and effectiveness of cloud manufacturing. To decouple this contradiction problem and help users rapidly obtain individuation services at low cost, this paper proposes a two-dimensional (time and space dimensions) optimization mechanism and method for manufacturing cloud service. In the mechanism layer, the user demand decoupling point principle, which is formulated using the customer order decoupling point in traditional physical products, is proposed for describing the optimization direction; and the on-demand supply mode of manufacturing cloud service is divided into four sub-modes, i.e., provide-to-demand, compose-to-demand, engineer-to-demand and research-to-demand; then, a two-dimensional optimization model is established for describing the optimization mechanism among individuation, cost and response time. In the method layer, the decision-making process model for positioning and optimizing UDDP is studied to support the time dimension optimization of moving UDDP backward; and a recursive mapping model of the service topological structure is proposed for supporting the space dimension optimization of the service topological structure. Finally, the proposed model and method are applied to a cloud manufacturing service platform for the mold industry. Two case studies are presented for demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of this two-dimensional optimization approach.

Looking Deeper into the Galaxy (Note 7)

Li-ion cell designs, component integrity, and manufacturing processes all have critical influence on the safety of Li-ion batteries. Any internal defective features that induce a short circuit, can trigger a thermal runaway: a cascade of reactions, leading to a device fire. As consumer device manufacturers push aggressively for increased battery energy, instances of field failure are increasingly reported. Notably, Samsung made a press release in 2017 following a total product recall of their Galaxy Note 7 mobile phone, confirming speculation that the events were attributable to the battery and its mode of manufacture. Recent incidences of battery swelling on the new iPhone 8 have been reported in the media, and the techniques and lessons reported herein may have future relevance. Here we look deeper into the key components of one of these cells and confirm evidence of cracking of electrode material in tightly folded areas, combined with a delamination of surface coating on the separator, which itself is an unusually thin monolayer. We report microstructural information about the electrodes, battery welding attributes, and thermal mapping of the battery whilst operational. The findings present a deeper insight into the battery’s component microstructures than previously disseminated. This points to the most probable combination of events and highlights the impact of design features, whilst providing structural considerations most likely to have led to the reported incidences relating to this phone.

Research on resource service matching in cloud manufacturing

Resource Service Matching is one of the key issues in Cloud Manufacturing, which is the latest mode of network manufacturing. In this paper, Resource Service Matching for aggregated resources with capacity restraint is discussed. Genetic Algorithms is proposed to search the best matching result for the request of customers, which assure the total cost and time of all the tasks is the lowest. In order to avoid premature evolution of populations, a novel approach of Genetic Algorithm is proposed in this paper. It is indicated by the results of simulation that the improved algorithm worked efficiently in Resource Service Matching.

Cloud manufacturing service composition with service cooperation level evaluation

Cloud manufacturing is a new type of modern manufacturing mode. The Cloud Manufacturing Service Composition (CMSC) is one of the key issues of cloud manufacturing. The quality and efficiency of cloud manufacturing services are influenced by the rationality of the optimisation model. Previous studies have rarely considered the impact of cooperation between services on the quality of the manufacturing service composition. In this paper, a Service Cooperation Level (SCL) evaluation mechanism and a corresponding update model are proposed to dynamically measure the level of cooperation between services. Furthermore, a novel Cloud Manufacturing Service Composition model with Service Cooperation Level Evaluation (CMSC-SCLE) is established by introducing the SCL evaluation value as a new objective. Finally, an Improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (ISPEA2) is proposed to solve the CMSC-SCLE problem. The experimental results show that the CMSC-SCLE model is more practical than the CMSC model. In addition, compared with four other classical multi-objective optimisation algorithms, ISPEA2 achieves better performance when solving CMSC-SCLE problem.

Magnetohydrodynamic pump application in complex form aluminum parts additive manufacturing

A review of Drop-on-Demand additive manufacturing methods was held. A method of complex forms aluminum parts production through the application of magnetohydrodynamic pump and 5 axis manufacturing process was proposed. 5 axis 3D printer assembly was shown. A few operation modes were proposed for such 3D printer and a method for fill lines paths calculating, needed for G-code automatic generation, was established. The algorithm for calculating printhead moving trajectory in the cylindrical parts manufacture mode was shown.

Improved BABC Algorithm for Matching of Remanufacturing Service Resource Module

Remanufacturing service is a new industrial pattern integrated remanufacturing and service, as well as a new advanced manufacturing mode. In order to solve the difficulty in module matching caused by large variety and quantity of remanufacturing service resources, this paper presents the concept of remanufacturing service, and then describes the remanufacturing resource module. A matching model for remanufacturing service resource module was constructed based on Improved Bi-population Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (IBABC). Then, based on service delivery period, service quality, and service cost as multiple objectives, multiple modules were selected from different types of remanufacturing service resource modules for combination-matching, and the Pareto solution set with IBABC was solved. Subsequently, the final matching scheme was determined through combined-weighted of the Pareto solution set. Finally, an application example was proposed to verify the correctness and feasibility of the matching model of remanufacturing service resource module and related solving method.

Cloud manufacturing service composition with service cooperation level evaluation

Cloud manufacturing is a new type of modern manufacturing mode. The Cloud Manufacturing Service Composition (CMSC) is one of the key issues of cloud manufacturing. The quality and efficiency of cloud manufacturing services are influenced by the rationality of the optimisation model. Previous studies have rarely considered the impact of cooperation between services on the quality of the manufacturing service composition. In this paper, a Service Cooperation Level (SCL) evaluation mechanism and a corresponding update model are proposed to dynamically measure the level of cooperation between services. Furthermore, a novel Cloud Manufacturing Service Composition model with Service Cooperation Level Evaluation (CMSC-SCLE) is established by introducing the SCL evaluation value as a new objective. Finally, an Improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (ISPEA2) is proposed to solve the CMSC-SCLE problem. The experimental results show that the CMSC-SCLE model is more practical than the CMSC model. In addition, compared with four other classical multi-objective optimisation algorithms, ISPEA2 achieves better performance when solving CMSC-SCLE problem.

Design thinking models for architectural education

<p>Technology advancements have profound impact on design thinking in architecture, professional practice and architectural education. New models of representation, along with computational design thinking and innovative approaches in digital fabrication bring new demands for the rethinking of educational pedagogy for the new generation of architects in the digital age. While learning by making has been deeply rooted in the process of architectural education, digital modes of design, representation and manufacturing reconcile the dual nature of design process that has traditionally oscillated between drawing and making, visual and material. In this paper, the relationship between making process in design-led research and other aspects that challenge architectural education are analyzed and described. Along with emerging trends in this topic, current design-led research position and strategies at some Australasia schools of architecture are presented.</p>