Mode Of Formation Research Articles

Long-term orientation and corporate social responsibility in small and medium-sized enterprises: the role of strategy formation mode

PurposeThis study aims to explore the effects of long-term orientation (LTO) and strategy formation mode on corporate social responsibility. While many researchers have investigated how large businesses address corporate social responsibility (CSR), there is little empirical evidence on how small- and medium-sized businesses implement CSR or what individual drivers shape this process.Design/methodology/approachThe paper surveyed 282 small and medium-sized managers from the United Kingdom. The respondents were recruited using platform Prolific Academic.FindingsThe findings reveal that LTO is a prerequisite for developing CSR and shapes strategy formation mode. The findings also suggested that deliberate strategies are positively related to CSR. The results are consistent across different components of LTO (futurity, continuity and perseverance) and CSR types (internal and external).Originality/valueThe results show that all aspects of LTO are relevant for CSR in SMEs. Besides LTO, deliberate strategy formation model is an important factor contributing to CSR. The paper presents as first an empirical contribution to the strategy literature by examining positive relationship between LTO and deliberate strategy formation mode.

A tale of two Arabian Cenozoic ooids: Factors controlling the differential growth of ooids across the Arabian Plate

Ooids are a critical yet enigmatic carbonate grains in the geological record. Previous studies have focused their efforts on studying the mode of ooid formation throughout the Phanerozoic via experimental, numerical simulations, and field studies. To date, however, there is little discussion around factors governing the texture, mineralogy, structure, size, and geometry of Cenozoic ooids, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The present article aims to provide insights on key factors controlling the differential growth of Cenozoic ooids in Saudi Arabia by comparing two contrasting carbonate environments and tectonic settings. Here, we studied the Holocene (0.4–2 kya) ooids developed in the tidally dominated carbonate ramp of the Arabian Gulf under a passive margin setting and the Miocene (15–21 mya) ooids from the Red Sea that were developed in a tectonically active, wave-dominated fault-bounded carbonate platform. The Holocene ooids were characterized by aragonitic, heavily micritized and small (max:550 μm) ooids with bioclast-dominated nuclei. In contrast, the Miocene ooids were replaced by dolomite, larger in size (max:820 μm) and significantly less micritized with variable nuclei compositions, such as rock fragments and bioclasts. The variation in the intensity of bioerosion and micritization suggest the Miocene ooids experienced lesser resting stage time than the Holocene ooids developed under the tide regime due to active wave actions. In addition, the Miocene ooids were developed in a fault-bounded margin allowing a higher carbonate saturation state to concentrate in that zone while the Holocene ooids were developed under a widespread distribution of carbonate saturation state in a vast carbonate ramp setting. These findings indicate that original platform geometry and depositional system (tide-vs wave-dominated) are substantial in dictating the duration of ooid resting stage and distribution of carbonate saturation state across the platforms. All these combined, allows the Miocene ooids to grow larger and reaching its equilibrium size faster. This study highlights the importance of coupling platform architecture and other key environmental parameters (wave actions, sediment supply, and tectonic activities) in understanding the formation of Cenozoic ooids.

"Standing against a State Requires the State"

This article explores “revolutionary etatization,” defined as the process of revolutionary organizations evolving into embryonic proto-states even before they have seized power. The article focuses on the period between the end of World War I and the present day. While the situation of inescapable violent competition (Tilly) represents the Darwinian driver of the process, we need the ideologicaland strategic dimensions to account for the variety of revolutionary proto-states. Embryonic revolutionary states come in two main types: the multi-department civil-administration apparatus, and the agglomerate of organs of popular representation, corresponding, respectively, to “constructive” and “co-optive” modes of state formation. Revolutionary etatization is a universal experience holding true not only for rural guerrillas controlling “liberated territories” but also for urban guerrillas and urban insurrectionists.

Mode of formation of cryogenic cave carbonates: Experimental evidence from an Alpine ice cave

Coarsely crystalline carbonates that formed cryogenically in caves (CCCcoarse for short) are important paleoenvironmental archives that provide evidence of former perennial ice deposits in currently ice-free caves and allow the timing of the past freezing conditions close to 0 °C in the subsurface to be determined. Despite their significance, the mode of formation of these deposits has never been observed in statu nascendi.We conducted a series of freezing experiments in an Alpine ice cave to test the conceptual model of CCCcoarse formation in freezing pools of water in perennial ice deposits. Our results document a number of features associated with the freezing of such confined water bodies, including ice bulging, cracking and episodic expulsion of water. These observations help explain the degassing of carbon dioxide required to maintain carbonate precipitation in these semi-closed pockets of slowly freezing water. Our experiments yielded a range of morphological types of cryogenic calcite crystals and aggregates comparable to those reported from CCCcoarse from currently ice-free caves elsewhere. The experimentally grown crystals also exhibit the same depleted O isotope composition characteristic of natural carbonates interpreted as being formed subaqueously in a semi-closed pools subject to freezing. The main difference to naturally formed CCCcoarse is their smaller crystal size, reflecting the comparably short freezing time of our experiments of less than two weeks.This study confirms the conceptual model explaining the formation of CCCcoarse in localized pools in ice and calls for a revision of the currently existing classification scheme for cryogenic cave carbonates.

Dissecting the phase separation and oligomerization activities of the carboxysome positioning protein McdB.

Across bacteria, protein-based organelles called bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) encapsulate key enzymes to regulate their activities. The model BMC is the carboxysome that encapsulates enzymes for CO2 fixation to increase efficiency and is found in many autotrophic bacteria, such as cyanobacteria. Despite their importance in the global carbon cycle, little is known about how carboxysomes are spatially regulated. We recently identified the two-factor system required for the maintenance of carboxysome distribution (McdAB). McdA drives the equal spacing of carboxysomes via interactions with McdB, which associates with carboxysomes. McdA is a ParA/MinD ATPase, a protein family well studied in positioning diverse cellular structures in bacteria. However, the adaptor proteins like McdB that connect these ATPases to their cargos are extremely diverse. In fact, McdB represents a completely unstudied class of proteins. Despite the diversity, many adaptor proteins undergo phase separation, but functional roles remain unclear. Here, we define the domain architecture of McdB from the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, and dissect its mode of biomolecular condensate formation. We identify an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that modulates condensate solubility, a central coiled-coil dimerizing domain that drives condensate formation, and a C-terminal domain that trimerizes McdB dimers and provides increased valency for condensate formation. We then identify critical basic residues in the IDR, which we mutate to glutamines to solubilize condensates. Finally, we find that a condensate-defective mutant of McdB has altered association with carboxysomes and influences carboxysome enzyme content. The results have broad implications for understanding spatial organization of BMCs and the molecular grammar of protein condensates.

Anomalous patterns of clay minerals in fault zones

The anomalous enrichment of clay minerals in fault zones is considered a key factor affecting the seismic behavior of faults, fault permeability, and mineralization. This process also weakens the rock strength and triggers deformation, instability, and geological disasters. Nevertheless, the geological factors affecting the growth and anomalous enrichment patterns of clay minerals in fault zones are not systematically understood. In this study, the anomalous enrichment patterns of clay minerals within 220 natural faults are investigated (detailed information can be found in Appendix A). The main geological factors and processes affecting the anomalous enrichment of clay minerals in fault zones are revealed. The main formation modes and occurrence forms of the clay minerals in fault zones are investigated. The anomalous patterns of clay minerals in fault zones are classified into four categories and eight types, i.e., the felsic anomaly category (illite type and kaolinite type), mafic anomaly category (chlorite type), ultramafic anomaly category (smectite type, serpentine + talc type, vermiculite type, and palygorskite + sepiolite type), and argillaceous anomaly category (mixed-layer type). The 220 case studies include different types of faults and fault rocks. Thus, the results are promising for a wide range of engineering geological applications, e.g., analysis of fault activity and permeability changes and studying the genetic mechanisms of geological disasters near faults.

How to do languaging(s), language games and languages

Abstract The article elaborates on substance-form aspects of integral communicative practices. Respective substance matters emerge with their shaping into formative and formal modes within the integral bio-social existence and experience of humans. Instrumentally modes help humans to shape or form their irregular substance matters into in-formed mental, behavioral and communicative practices. The article outlines interpretations of respective transformations and processes from Aristotle, Descartes and Kant to Russell, Wittgenstein, Austin and theoreticians of ongoing cognitive and languaging revolutions. The rigid opposing of the ultimate substance/form abstractions provokes conceptual impediments that result in the notorious pseudo-Cartesian mind-body problem. It is possible to overcome it by refocusing on actual middle ground integral developments including actual psychosomatic and mental processes, human communicative interactions and their pragmatic activities. A promising way to do that is to develop intellectual instruments similar to accommodating Hjelmslevean distinction of content and expression planes or relatively integral substance-form complexes. The article suggests a range of instrumentalities to methodologically reinterpret actual middle ground practices of languaging and language games. To that effect, it suggests a few complementary ways of their embedding and enacting, particularly new modes and procedures to conceptualize prerequisites and outcomes, externalities and affordances of the matching middle ground practices.

Actuation waveform auto-design of drop-on-demand inkjet for ejection droplet without satellite

Designing the actuation waveform is a key step for the piezoelectric inkjet printing technology, which controls the deposition quality of the material. However, the current design of actuation waveforms remains laborious and reliant on repetitive experimentation, resulting in a suboptimal match between the actuation waveform and ink properties, which may cause material deposition defects such as satellite. In this study, the influences of the ink physical properties, nozzle diameter, and ejection behavior on the kinetics of droplet formation were investigated. Further, the transition boundaries of three droplet formation modes for different types of inks, namely, no droplet, single droplet, and satellite droplet, were determined. An actuating waveform auto-design method for creating a single droplet without satellite was constructed based on the physical properties of the ink, which can easily achieve the formation and volume control of a single droplet. The efficacy of the method was validated through monitoring the droplet forming processes of four standard reagents. Moreover, the printing of an interdigitated electrode and micro-patterns was precisely controlled under well-formed droplets. This study could facilitate a comprehensive understanding of droplet formation dynamics, enabling the rapid creation of actuation waveforms for high-quality deposition of functional inks and enhancing the performance of piezoelectric inkjet-based fabrication equipment.

Improved Mechanical Properties of SUS304/AA5083 Dissimilar Joint by Laser Ablation Pretreatment in Vortex- Friction Stir Lap Welding

To obtain a high-quality Al/steel dissimilar joint, a micro-groove-assisted vortex-friction stir lap welding (MG-VFSLW) process was developed. Through prefabricating micro-grooves on the steel plate surface by laser ablation, high-quality mechanical interlock and metallurgical bonding were obtained simultaneously in the MG-VFSLW process. The weld formation, interface microstructure, mechanical properties, and failure mode in MG-VFSLW were studied by comparing them with those in VFSLW. The results showed that a line load of the AA5083/SUS304 dissimilar joint up to 485.9 N/mm was obtained by MG-VFSLW, which is 40.1% higher than that in VFSLW. Remarkable intermetallic compound layers and cracks were found in VFSLW. The cracks were closely related to the oxides on the interface. However, in MG-VFSLW, cross-riveting aluminum rivets and steel rivets were formed on the interface due to the micro-grooves and flashes made by the laser ablation. Good metallurgical bonding was also formed between AA5083 and SUS304. No remarkable intermetallic compound layers and cracks occurred. During the tensile shear tests, the aluminum rivets were cut off and some dimples and tear ridges existed on the fracture surface. In short, the high strength of the Al/steel lap joint in MG-VFSLW was attributed to the high-quality mechanical interlock and metallurgical bonding.

Innovation and Practice of Formative Evaluation of Courses Based on Student Teams Achievement Division Method

Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a form of educational organization designed by Professor Slavin of Johnson University in the United States based on the theory of learning motivation. (Slavin, 2011) It is an effective teaching method that has been experimentally validated. It is especially suitable for students with large basic differences and difficult course teaching. (Zhou, 2019) (Khan)This paper takes the "Troubleshooting and Troubleshooting" course of our school as an example and adopts STAD to make bold reforms to the formative examination mode of the course, which has obtained certain results.

On the Diversity and Formation Modes of Martian Minerals

AbstractA systematic survey of 161 known and postulated minerals originating on Mars points to 20 different mineral‐forming processes (paragenetic modes), which are a subset of formation modes observed on Earth. The earliest martian minerals, as on Earth, were primary phases from mafic igneous rocks and their ultramafic cumulates. Subsequent primary igneous minerals were associated with products of limited fractional crystallization, including alkaline and quartz‐normative lithologies. Significant mineral diversification occurred via precipitation of primary phases from aqueous and atmospheric fluids, including authigenesis, hydrothermal and cryogenic precipitation, and evaporites, including freeze drying during eras of low atmospheric pressures. In particular, hydrothermal mineral formation associated with both volcanic fluids and sustained hydrothermal activity in impact fracture zones may have triggered significant mineral diversification, though as yet undocumented. At least 65 such primary minerals have been identified by flown missions to Mars and from martian meteorites. A host of secondary martian minerals were produced by near‐surface processes related to water/rock interactions, including hydration/dehydration, oxidation/reduction, serpentinization, metasomatism, and a variety of diagenetic alterations. Additional mineral diversity resulted from metamorphic events, including thermal and shock metamorphism, lightning, and bolide impacts. However, several dominant sources of mineral diversity on Earth, including (a) extensive fluid/rock interactions and element concentration associated with plate tectonics; (b) high‐pressure regional metamorphism associated with plate tectonics; and (c) biologically mediated mineralization—are not known to be in play on Mars. Consequently, we estimate the total mineral diversity of Mars to be an order of magnitude smaller than on Earth.

Strong but Fragmented Memory of a Stressful Episode.

While it is commonly assumed that stressful events are vividly remembered, it remains largely unknown whether all aspects of memory for a stressful episode are enhanced. In this preregistered study, we tested whether stress enhances later remembering of individual elements of a stressful episode at the cost of impaired processing of the association between these elements. Therefore, male and female participants (N = 122) underwent a stressful (or control) episode during which they encoded a series of stimuli. To investigate stress effects on the memory for individual events and the links between these, we used temporal sequence effects in recognition memory tested 24 h after encoding. Specifically, we tested whether stress would affect the memory enhancement for a target item if this is preceded by another item that also preceded the target during encoding (recognition priming). Our results showed that participants recalled single events encoded under stress better than those encoded under nonstressful conditions, but were less able to leverage the temporal sequence of events encoded under stress to cue memory at delayed recall, reflected in reduced memory for items preceded by the item that preceded them also during encoding. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy further revealed that encoding under stress was accompanied by opposite changes in inferotemporal and dorsolateral prefrontal areas. Together, our data suggest that acute stress induces a mode of memory formation that results in strong but less integrated memories.

Linear global stability analysis of a transient swirling flow leading to the formation of a helical precessing vortex breakdown in a straight diffuser

Vortex breakdown occurs in highly swirling flows in various engineering applications, such as hydraulic turbines working in either high-load or part-load conditions, leading to pressure pulsations and performance degradation. In the present study, the formation of a helical vortex breakdown having rotational and plunging components (axial oscillation) in a straight diffuser is investigated with transient simulation from its columnar state to a helical vortex breakdown state. It is similar to the helical precessing vortex rope occurring in hydraulic turbines operating at part-load condition. In addition, considering vortex breakdown as a global instability, a linear global stability analysis of the time-averaged turbulent flow field is conducted for different flow states. The main objective is to understand the role of plunging mode in vortex rope formation in straight draft tubes and identify its differences with the one observed in hydraulic turbines with elbow draft tubes operating at part-load condition. Results showed that in contrast to the elbow draft tubes where the plunging mode appears earlier than the rotating mode, the transient simulation showed that the plunging mode appears after several vortex rope rotations in the straight draft tube. This is confirmed by the stability analysis showing that the flow is unstable to the asymmetrical disturbances with a frequency close to the rotating frequency not the plunging ones. Finally, the stability analysis showed a higher critical flow rate than the one obtained from the contour of local swirl number and time history of pressure and velocity.

Biomechanical evaluation of three adjunctive methods of orthopedic tension band-wire fixation to augment simulated patella tendon repairs in dogs.

To evaluate the effects of three adjunctive methods of tension band wire fixation (TBWF) on the biomechanical properties, gap formation, and failure mode in simulated canine patella tendon rupture (RPT). Randomized, ex vivo. Paired hindlimbs from 32 dog cadavers. Patellar tendons (PTs) and associated bone-muscle-tendon units were harvested. Each PT was transected then sutured using a core locking loop and simple continuous epitendinous pattern. Each hindlimb was randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 18 hindlimbs/group) using 18 gauge 316 L wire, anchored to the tibial crest distally, to perform transpatellar, suprapatellar, or combined tension band-wire (TBW) augmentation. Ten hindlimbs were utilized as control specimens. Yield, peak, and failure loads, stiffness, loads to 1 and 3 mm gap formation, and failure mode were evaluated. Combined transpatellar and suprapatellar TBW augmentation was superior to transpatellar or suprapatellar groups alone. Yield (p = .0008), peak (p = .004), and failure loads (p = .005) were greater for the combined group than for the transpatellar (p = .048) and suprapatellar groups (p = .01) respectively. There was no difference regarding the occurrence of 1 or 3 mm gap formation (1 mm, p = .05; 3 mm, p = .06); however, loads required to cause gap formation were greater in the combined group (p = .036). Mode of failure differed between techniques used for PT augmentation (p < .001). Combined transpatellar and suprapatellar adjunctive TBW augmentation for simulated PT repairs was biomechanically superior to either transpatellar or suprapatellar TBWF alone. Combined suprapatellar and transpatellar TBWF may offer a viable surgical option for increased repair-site strength and greater loads to gap formation. Further studies investigating alternative techniques and materials for RPT repair augmentation are warranted.

A new insight of water inrush mode and coal (rock) pillars setting in near-fault mining under high confined water

Mining-induced fault water inrush has become the most critical disaster-causing factor of mine water disasters in mines in recent years. In near-fault coal mining, the water flowing fractures caused by mining in the roof (floor) of a coal seam may connect the fault fracture zone and induce fault water inrush. The most effective way to prevent fault water damage is to set waterproof coal (rock) pillars. However, the width of coal (rock) pillars was mainly calculated by empirical formulas in the past, and the calculated results were quite different from the actual ones. This paper determines the safe water blocking zone and inelastic zone by introducing mine pressure and confined water pressure (“double pressure”). Then, the range of the mine pressure failure zone is determined by comprehensively considering the floor strata's peak stress propagation direction and the roof strata's collapse propagation angle. The hydraulic model of roof (floor) water inrush in near-fault coal mining under “double pressure” control is established. A new method for calculating the width of waterproof coal (rock) pillars in coal mining on large normal faults is derived by considering the nature of the fault, mine pressure, and confined water pressure. Finally, the research results are applied to the width calculation of waterproof coal (rock) pillars in the Jiaxiang branch fault of Xinhe Coal Mine, and the FLAC3D software is used to conduct numerical simulation and check the calculation of the pillars' width of coal (rock) under the influence of mining. The formation mode of fracture channels in the roof (floor) of a coal seam in near-fault mining is proposed, and the failure theory of surrounding rock in near-fault mining is perfected. The research results will effectively guide the layout of the near-fault working face on the Ordovician limestone confined aquifer in North China Coalfield, liberate a large number of resources threatened by fault water damage, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of mine fault water damage under other similar geological conditions.

Innovative characterization of organic nanopores in marine shale by the integration of HIM and SEM

The characterization of organic nanopores across the entire range is essential for gas storage and productivity evaluation of marine shale. To achieve a precise and comprehensive analysis of organic nanopore properties, an integration method of helium ion microscope (HIM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as focused ion beam-HIM (FIB-HIM) and FIB-SEM, was proposed. This integration method extends the organic pore imaging and quantitative analysis to below 10 nm. Results demonstrate that organic pores below 10 nm significantly impact the evaluation of shale gas storage and productivity by contributing to the porosity and specific surface area and altering pore size distribution and connectivity characteristics. The surface porosity increases by 10.73%, while the specific surface area increases by 76% according to the integration method. The integrated pore size distribution converts the unimodal PSD from the stitched SEM mosaic to a multimodal PSD, supporting the multi-stage formation mode of organic nanopores: larger bubble pores appear with oil generation at the early stage, while smaller spongy pores appear with gas generation at the later stage. The organic pores revealed by FIB-HIM have higher coordination numbers and a higher proportion of inner-connected volume, showing the more complex connectivity characteristics. Despite limitations due to heterogeneity and inadequate resolution, these novel insights by the integration method highlight the importance of exploring organic pores at the nanoscale and have the potential to inform further research in this field.

Selective recognition of Fe2+ in aqueous solution by chalcones

Recognition of metal ions in aqueous media has direct impact for designing new supramolecular hosts for targeting biochemical pathways. In the present work we have studied the binding behavior of three simple chalcones with variation in number of phenolic OH groups. These chalcones showed very good binding capabilities towards metal ions in CH3OH-H2O (1:1, v/v) solvent system. The receptors R1 has interacted with all metal ions, which are used in the present study through 2:1 mode of complexation whereas R2 have showed equilibrium between the complexes of 2:1 and 1:1 with few exceptions. The highest association constants (K21) of R1 and R2 for Fe2+ is observed as 1.1 × 109 (4) M−1 and 2.3 × 108 (7) M−1 respectively by fluorescence titration method. But R3, which is lack of any phenolic OH group, binds all the metal ions through the formation of 1:1 mode of complex formation by exploiting the only one donor site as carbonyl ‘O’ atom resulting lower association constant for all the metal ions. So intermolecular hydrogen bonding as well as π- π stacking interaction forced the receptors R1 and R2 to arrange in a pseudo cleft orientation for the recognition of metal ions in 2:1 mode of complex formation. The binding behaviour of the receptors with few alkali metal ions (Na+, K+ and Cs+) and alkaline-earth metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+) are also studied and observed weak binding nature in compared with the transition metal ions.

The transformation direction of the formation mode of contemporary Chinese public policy based on sociology

After the reform and opening up, with the change of state-society relationship structure in China, the formation mode of public policy in China is shifting from state-led to state-led and limited interaction between state and society. This transformation with modern value orientation shows that after the reform and opening up, China has begun the cooperation and interaction between the state and society, and the value concept of social fairness and justice has been paid more attention and manifested. The ultimate realization of the modern transformation of China's public policy formation mode depends on the establishment and improvement of the state-society cooperation and coordination mechanism, and the realization of positive interaction between the state and society, so that it can ultimately promote the development of democratic politics and social progress.

Digital Humanities in the Context of Library and Information Science

This paper is an attempt to explore the scope and origin of the new domain ‘Digital Humanities (DH)’ in the context of library and information science. Besides, author also mentioned other two modes of origin of the subject DH. It also stated the role of librarians for the development of DH. It was basically theoretical research where author used desk research technique through analyzing published literature on the domain. The main gap in literature review which author identified was ‘mode of formation of the subject DH from LIS point of view’. Author here tried to match between the librarians’ acquired knowledge base with need of DH scholars and pointed out the areas where LIS professionals can contribute toward developing DH. Finally, author theoretically developed a model to explain the origin of the subject DH from in the context of LIS domain and also presented other two existing concepts in a very simple, graphical ways.

Realization of Amyloid-like Aggregation as a Common Cause for Pathogenesis in Diseases.

Amyloids were conventionally referred to as extracellular and intracellular accumulation of Aβ42 peptide, which causes the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles inside the brain leading to the pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Subsequently, amyloid-like deposition was found in the etiology of prion diseases, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cancer, which was attributed to the aggregation of prion protein, α-Synuclein, islet amyloid polypeptide protein, and p53 protein, respectively. Hence, traditionally amyloids were considered aggregates formed exclusively by proteins or peptides. However, since the last decade, it has been discovered that other metabolites, like single amino acids, nucleobases, lipids, glucose derivatives, etc., have a propensity to form amyloid-like toxic assemblies. Several studies suggest direct implications of these metabolite assemblies in the patho-physiology of various inborn errors of metabolisms like phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, cystinuria, and Gaucher's disease, to name a few. In this review, we present a comprehensive literature overview that suggests amyloid-like structure formation as a common phenomenon for disease progression and pathogenesis in multiple syndromes. The review is devoted to providing readers with a broad knowledge of the structure, mode of formation, propagation, and transmission of different extracellular amyloids and their implications in the pathogenesis of diseases. We strongly believe a review on this topic is urgently required to create awareness about the understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanism behind the origin of diseases from an amyloid perspective and possibly look for a common therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these maladies by designing generic amyloid inhibitors.