Mode Of Attachment Research Articles

Accessing Remote meta- and para-C(sp2 )-H Bonds with Covalently Attached Directing Groups.

Directing group assisted ortho-C-H activation has been known for the last few decades. In contrast, extending the same approach to achieve activation of the distal meta- and para-C-H bonds in aromatic molecules remained elusive for a long time. The main challenge is the conception of a macrocyclic transition state, which is needed to anchor the metal catalyst close to the target bond. Judicious modification of the chain length, the tether linkage, and the nature of the catalyst-coordinating donor atom has led to a number of successful studies in the last few years. This Review compiles the significant achievements made in this field of both meta- and para-selectivity using covalently attached directing groups, which are systematically classified on the basis of their mode of covalent attachment to the substrate as well as their chemical nature. This Review aims to create a more heuristic approach for recognizing the suitability of the directing groups for use in future organic transformations.

The C-Terminal VPRTES Tail of LL-37 Influences the Mode of Attachment to a Lipid Bilayer and Antimicrobial Activity.

Cathelicidins are a family of host defense antimicrobial peptides in mammalian species. Among them, LL-37 is the only peptide of this family found in humans. Although LL-37 has been intensively investigated in the past, the mode of exerting its bactericidal activity through the specific interactions with bacterial membranes remains elusive. In this work, we combined microbiological and computational approaches with a tool box of experimental biophysical techniques, including conventional and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy as well as fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the structural and dynamic properties of LL-37 and shorter variants adsorbed on POPC/POPG (9:1) lipid bilayers as mimics of bacterial membranes. First, microbiological assays demonstrate that, while LL-32 and, in a lesser degree, LL-37 show hemolysis and antimicrobial activity, LL-20 remains practically inactive. Second, by comparing experimental and computational data of LL-37 with LL-20, we explained the bactericidal activity of the active peptide core as a consequence of an increased flexibility of the peptide structure, leading to reactive dangling charged side chains. Third, permeabilization assays showed a concentration-dependent membrane disruption activity of LL-37 and LL-32: at high peptide concentrations, LL-32 shows higher activity than LL-37, while, at low peptide concentrations, both peptides show similar activities. Responsible for this behavior is the C-terminal VPRTES tail (Ct-VPRTES tail), which, according to atomistic simulations, is able to promote the insertion of the peptide in the membrane and plays an essential role in controlling ordered peptide oligomerization on the surface of the membrane.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ В ПОВЕРХНОСТНО УПРОЧНЕННЫХ ВТУЛКАХ С УЧЕТОМ ОСТАТОЧНЫХ КАСАТЕЛЬНЫХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ

We suggest the phenomenological mathematical model of the stress-strain state reconstruction in the surface hardened thin-walled tube with an inner diameter 45 mm and outer diameter 51.5 mm made of steel EI961 and treated by diamond smoothing of the outer surface. It is shown that if all stress components depend on radius only, then the components are in the cylindrical coordinate system. The experimental research is made for the samples which were softened under two load modes (radial force) of the diamond ball attachment of 200 and 300 N value. The experimental values of residual stresses , , and in the surface layer are obtained by the ring and strip method using the layer-by-layer electrochemical pickling of the hardened layer. The experimentally measured values of the strip beam deflection, split ring angular opening and axial displacement of cut edges relative to each other are used for this purpose. The hardening anisotropy parameter which relates the axial and circumferential components of plastic strain is included in the mathematical model. To solve the formulated problems we use the hypotheses of plastic incompressibility of the material, the absence of secondary plastic deformations of the material in the surface layer compression area and the hypotheses of flat sections and straight radii. We present the method for solving the stress-strain state reconstruction boundary value problems, which allows obtaining the missing component and all residual plastic strain components. The validation of the computational data obtained by mathematical modelling for adequacy to the experimental data for the two modes of hardening is made. There is a close agreement between the computational and experimental data. The numerical values for the hardening anisotropy parameter are given. By using this parameter we are able to theoretically describe the observable experimental layering of axial and circumferential stresses in depth of the hardened layer. It is theoretically and experimentally established that the absolute values of maximum shear stresses is an order of magnitude smaller than the absolute values of maximum normal stresses. We also discuss the questions of the effect of shear stresses on high-cycle fatigue and creep of the hardened thin-walled tubes. The main results of the research are illustrated by the tabular data and corresponding diagrams of the residual stresses distribution in depth of the hardened layer.

Reproducing Whiteness: Feminist Genres, Legal Subjectivity and the Post-racial Dystopia of The Handmaid’s Tale (2017-)

This article investigates the critical potential of a contemporary dystopia, The Handmaid’s Tale (Miller 2017-), a U.S. television series adapted from a popular novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood (1985). The text is widely understood as a feminist intervention that speaks to ongoing struggles against gender oppression, but in this article I consider the invitations that the show offers its viewers in treating race the way that it does, and consider what it means to refuse these invitations in pursuit of a critical feminist understanding of authority, legal subjectivity, and violence. Drawing on the recent turn to genre, my reading focuses on how whiteness is reproduced through this cinematic text and its inculcation of particular ways of seeing, modes of identification and attachment. The Handmaid’s Tale’s post-racial aesthetic means that its thematic engagement with gender, sexuality and resistance actively disavows national and international histories of racist state violence and white supremacy. Its problematic feminism is thus uniquely instructive for understanding how whiteness is reproduced in contemporary (neo)liberal configurations of legal subjectivity and state authority.

Block Copolymers as Dispersants for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Modes of Surface Attachment and Role of Block Polydispersity.

When using amphiphilic polymers to exfoliate and disperse carbon nanotubes in water, the balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties is critical and nontrivial. Here, we investigate the mode of surface attachment of a triblock copolymer, Pluronics F127, composed of a central hydrophobic polypropylene oxide block flanked by hydrophilic polyethylene oxide blocks, onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Crucially, we analyze the composition in dispersant of both the as-obtained dispersion (the supernatant) and the precipitate-containing undispersed materials. For this, we combine the carefully obtained data from 1H NMR peak intensities and self-diffusion and thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular motions behind the observed NMR features are clarified. We find that the hydrophobic blocks attach to the dispersed SWNT surface and remain significantly immobilized leading to 1H NMR signal loss. On the other hand, the hydrophilic blocks remain highly mobile and thus readily detectable by NMR. The dispersant is shown to possess significant block polydispersity that has a large effect on dispersibility. Polymers with large hydrophobic blocks adsorb on the surface of the carbonaceous particles that precipitate, indicating that although a larger hydrophobic block is good for enhancing adsorption, it may be less effective in dispersing the tubes. A model is also proposed that consistently explains our observations in SWNT dispersions and some contradicting findings obtained previously in carbon nanohorn dispersions. Overall, our findings help elucidating the molecular picture of the dispersion process for SWNTs and are of interest when looking for more effective (i.e., well-balanced) polymeric dispersants.

The aesthetics of minor intimacy: precarious attachments and queer feelings in the autobiographical fiction of J. M. Coetzee

ABSTRACTThis essay offers a new perspective on the queerness of the encounters between self and other in Coetzee’s autobiographical fiction. It attends to the dynamics of openness and reservation, immediacy and mediation, desire and longing played out between Anya and Señor C in Diary of a Bad Year (2007) and John and his female cousin, who is represented by the characters Agnes in Boyhood: A Memoir (1997), Ilse in Youth (2002), and Margot in Summertime (2009). Building on Lauren Berlant’s notion of minor intimacy—which asks us to pay attention to encounters without a canon and to desires too elusive for heterosexual conventions— it offers a framework for uncovering modes of attachment in Coetzee’s autobiographical fiction that do not obey the strictures of the couple form. I draw on queer studies on intimacy and phenomenological studies on emotions and embodiment to explore the modes of attachment between self and other.

Sol- gel synthesis of Ga2O3 nanorods and effect of precursor chemistry on their structural and morphological properties

Synthesis of mono-crystalline Ga2O3 Nanorods was done by sol-gel transformation of gallium(III) isopropoxide (Ga(OPri)3). XRD studies were done to determine the planes and crystal structure of synthesized nanorods that showed the synthesis of β-Ga2O3(a). TEM studies of synthesized Ga2O3 confirmed the synthesis of monocrystalline β-Ga2O3 nanorods. To study the effect of precursor chemistry and to determine role of precursor structures on the crystal structure, phase and morphology of the Ga2O3, a new modified precursor complex was synthesized. The reaction of Ga(OPri)3 with N-phenylsalicylaldimine, [C6H4(OH)CH=N(C6H5)] in 1:1 M ratio yielded [{(H5C6)N = CH-C6H4O}Ga(OPri)2]. The newly synthesized complex was characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight measurement, FT-IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral studies. Spectral studies of the modified complex suggest the presence of bi-dentate mode of attachment of Schiff's base in the solution state. Sol-gel transformations of [{(H5C6)N = CH-C6H4O}Ga(OPri)2] in organic medium, yielded γ-Ga2O3(b), as found by XRD studies. TEM image of the sample (a) revealed the formation of nano-rods of oxide with average diameter of ~100 nm whereas the TEM image of sample (b) showed presence of nano-sized particles of oxide with average particle size of 10 nm. Morphological and compositional studies of synthesized samples (a) and (b) were carried out using SEM and EDX. The method provides a possibility of large scale synthesis of dissimilar shaped and pure Ga2O3 nanoparticles.

Self-assembled monolayer of mica coating using organobisphosphonic acid

A hexadecane-1,1-bisphosphonic acid monolayer was grafted on the surface of muscovite mica via a simple self-assembled method. The result of AFM showed that the height of the bisphosphonate SAMs was about 2.40 nm, corresponding to both monolayer-like coverage and the hydrocarbon chain length. TOF-SIMS indicated that the reaction between bisphosphonic acid and silicon was took place on the surface of mica substrate. It can be proved from IR, AFM, XPS, and TOF-SIMS that the alkylbisphosphonate SAM was bonded to the mica with the mode of double-tridentate attachment. In addition, organobisphosphonate SAM possessed excellent orderliness and stability, which provides a theoretical basis for its efficient application in the field of organic modification.

New ecological and taxonomic remarks on Sabinella troglodytes and Nanobalcis worsfoldi (Gastropoda: Eulimidae) living on the “slate-pencil sea urchin” from the Mexican Caribbean region

Eulimidae is one of the most diversified families among marine parasitic gastropods. They are usually reported associated with echinoderms, but for most described species the host is unknown, and few biological aspects of the symbiosis are known. As part of a larger study on eulimids, 300 sea urchins were collected in shallow water reef lagoons. Some were kept alive in the laboratory for 1 week and photographed and filmed under stereomicroscopes. Nanobalcis worsfoldi lives around and at the base of primary spines of the sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides and is very abundant, whereas Sabinella troglodytes lives attached inside a gall that it builds from primary spines, and is uncommon. A complete characterization of the shells and morphology data for both eulimids are included. The comparison of our specimens with type and non-type material indicates several noteworthy features. We found higher and wider whorls, variation in position of growth scars and total number of whorls. We suggest that there is a species complex for Sabinella troglodytes. Mantle pigmentation patterns, mode of attachment, live displacement, and other ecological observations on the host are presented for the first time for both species from the Mexican Caribbean Sea.

Extreme dentition does not prevent diet and tooth diversification within combtooth blennies (Ovalentaria: Blenniidae).

The dentition of fishes can be quite striking and is often correlated with a specific diet. Combtooth blennies have long incisiform oral teeth, unlike most actinopterygians. It has been suggested that the long tooth morphology is an adaptation for detritivory, but given the diversity of diets (detritus, coral polyps, polychaetes, and pieces of other fishes), are blenny teeth indeed monomorphic? Or does tooth variation associated with diet still exist at this extreme? To explore tooth and diet diversification, we used a new phylogenetic hypothesis of Blenniidae, measured tooth shape, number, and mode of attachment, and quantified blenniid diet. The ancestral diet of blennies contained detritus and diversified into many different diets, including almost exclusively detritivory. Our results reveal a dental cline that may be constrained by tooth shape, but has not prevented diet diversification. Ancestral state reconstruction of tooth morphologies suggests that the ancestor of blennies had many unattached teeth and featured transitions to fewer attached teeth, with several transitions back to attached or unattached teeth. The dentition of blenniids is not monotypic; rather it is diverse and small changes in tooth shape are accompanied by changes in size, number, attachment, and often diet.

Surface Physicochemical and Structural Analysis of Functionalized Titanium Dioxide Films

Titanium and its alloys are recognized as acceptable materials for many applications. The properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films are directly related to the structural characteristics of the material, which can be modified with tailor-made functional groups. Reactive bifunctional groups can be bound with hydroxyl-terminated TiO2, leading to the formation of self-assembled monolayers or multilayer films. The understanding of such interactions is necessary to design functional oxide coatings for a large variety of applications. In this study, nanosized TiO2 films were synthesized by the sol-gel method and deposited by spin coating technique upon titanium substrate. Subsequently, TiO2 thin films were functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS), 3-(4-aminophenyl)propionic acid (APPA), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Surface characterization by XPS, surface roughness, and contact angle indicated successful functionalization and allowed for identification of the preferential conformation of each molecule. APPA and APTMS presented free amine groups indicating the attachment to the surface by carboxyl and silane groups, respectively. Mercapto coupling from MPA showed the formation of S-Ti bonds. PEG-coated surface revealed polymerization of several hydroxyl groups that crosslinked with each other. Analyzing the mode of attachment at the interface of the metal oxide and functional group may help in the development of improved functional materials.

Predicting Lameness in Sheep Activity Using Tri-Axial Acceleration Signals.

Simple SummaryMonitoring livestock farmed under extensive conditions is challenging and this is particularly difficult when observing animal behaviour at an individual level. Lameness is a disease symptom that has traditionally relied on visual inspection to detect those animals with an abnormal walking pattern. More recently, accelerometer sensors have been used in other livestock industries to detect lame animals. These devices are able to record changes in activity intensity, allowing us to differentiate between a grazing, walking, and resting animal. Using these on-animal sensors, grazing, standing, walking, and lame walking were accurately detected from an ear attached sensor. With further development, this classification algorithm could be linked with an automatic livestock monitoring system to provide real time information on individual health status, something that is practically not possible under current extensive livestock production systems.Lameness is a clinical symptom associated with a number of sheep diseases around the world, having adverse effects on weight gain, fertility, and lamb birth weight, and increasing the risk of secondary diseases. Current methods to identify lame animals rely on labour intensive visual inspection. The aim of this current study was to determine the ability of a collar, leg, and ear attached tri-axial accelerometer to discriminate between sound and lame gait movement in sheep. Data were separated into 10 s mutually exclusive behaviour epochs and subjected to Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA). Initial analysis showed the high misclassification of lame grazing events with sound grazing and standing from all deployment modes. The final classification model, which included lame walking and all sound activity classes, yielded a prediction accuracy for lame locomotion of 82%, 35%, and 87% for the ear, collar, and leg deployments, respectively. Misclassification of sound walking with lame walking within the leg accelerometer dataset highlights the superiority of an ear mode of attachment for the classification of lame gait characteristics based on time series accelerometer data.

Directly Coupled Versus Spectator Linkers on Diimine PtII Acetylides-Change the Structure, Keep the Function?

Modification of light-harvesting units with anchoring groups for surface attachment often compromises light-harnessing properties. Herein, a series of [donor-acceptor-anchor] platinum(II) diimine (bis-)acetylides was developed in order to systematically compare the effect of conjugated versus electronically decoupled modes of attachment of protected anchoring groups on the photophysical properties of light-harvesting units. The first examples of "decoupled" phosphonate diimine PtII complexes are reported, and their properties are compared and contrasted to those of carboxylate analogues studied by a diversity of methods. Ultrafast time-resolved IR and transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that all complexes have a charge-transfer (CT) lowest excited state with lifetimes between 2 and 14 ns. Vibrational signatures and dynamics of CT states were identified; the assignment of electronic states and their vibrational origin was aided by TDDFT calculations. Ultrafast energy redistribution accompanied by structural changes was directly captured in the CT states. A significant difference between the structures of the electronic ground and CT excited states, as well as differences in the structural reorganisation in the complexes bearing directly attached or electronically decoupled anchoring groups, was discovered. This work demonstrates that decoupling of the anchoring group from the light-harvesting core by a saturated spacer is an easy approach to combine surface attachment with high reduction potential and ten times longer lifetime of the CT excited state of the light-absorbing unit, and retain electron-transfer photoreactivity essential for light-harvesting applications.

Effect of pH on adsorption of anionic surfactants on limestone: Experimental study and surface complexation modeling

We investigate surfactant adsorption on a model carbonate rock over a wide range of pH and surfactant-to-solid ratios, by both an experimental and a theoretical approach, to obtain a quantitative understanding of how mineral constituents affect the adsorption equilibrium and dynamics. A combination of bulk mineralogy, elemental composition analysis, dissolution behavior, and water ionic composition data were used to characterize the samples’ surface heterogeneity. The adsorption of anionic surfactants is 2.4mg/m2 at pH of ∼8 and decreases approximately linearly with pH values above 9. To constrain and compare the relative adsorption affinity and the likely modes of attachment on mineral constituents as pH changes, we performed surface complexation calculations using a two-surface multisite diffuse layer model. We propose the formation of two surface species on both the major (i.e., calcite) and trace (i.e., the oxide-like sites on the edges of clay platelets) minerals: a monodentate inner-sphere complex and a weak or hydrogen bonding complex. Our modeling results suggest that charge-regulated inner-sphere complexation is the dominant adsorption mechanism on the calcite and oxide-like sites at low pH values regardless of the surface loading. We found weak or hydrogen bond adsorption to be significant on the calcite surface, and this became the dominant adsorption mode at pH ∼10. While the adsorption on calcite increases with surface loading, adsorption on the oxide-like sites remains independent of surface loading. These results suggest that surfactant adsorption can be comparable on the abundant low-surface-area calcite and trace high-surface-area oxide-like sites.

Comparison of thermal and electric characteristic for free-burning arc using coupled and decoupled sheath models

A comparison of coupled and decoupled sheath models is performed to study the interaction between the arc column and the near cathode layer in this paper. The coupled model used in this paper is modified based on the previous work. The thermal conductions of the heavy particles and electrons between the arc column and the near cathode layer are added to the energy transport equation in the model, which is different from the decoupled model of cathode sheath and arc column. The simulation shows that: (1) The energy (due to thermal conductions) delivered from the arc column to the near cathode layer is always positive, and it increases as arc currents increase. (2) Compared with the decoupled model for free-burning arc (20–200 A currents) at the diffuse mode of the cathodic attachment, the total arc voltage of the coupled model is closer to the value of experiment. (3) The voltage drop of the near cathode layer calculated by the coupled mode is always lower than that calculated by the decoupled model. The differences increase as the arc current increases. The voltage drop of arc column calculated by the coupled mode is lower than that calculated by the decoupled model at low current, and the situation is opposite at high current. (4) The current distribution of coupled model along the cathode surface is more uniform. In additional, we compare our coupled model with another coupled sheath model. The results from the two coupled sheath models are in good agreement in high currents.

Less-Common Nanostructures: Nanobuds: A Micro-Review.

Synthesis, properties, structural peculiarities, and applications of nanobuds and related nanostructures are discussed. In addition, few relevant patents to the topic have been reviewed and cited. According to observed properties and those predicted by DFT calculations, the nanobuds are semiconducting and stable in normal conditions, can accept adatoms and molecules. They contain a relatively chemically inert carbon nanotubes and more active fullerene species and can be compatible with a variety of other materials, in particular polymers. In addition to nanobuds for SWCNTs, the nanobuds with graphene, small fullerenes or metal nanobud-like structures are also known. We have undertaken an extensive search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review question and inclusion/exclusion criteria. The characteristics of screened papers were described and critically compared. Thirty-six papers were included in the review, mainly from high-impact international journals. The published articles correspond to the range 2006-2016; the term "nanobuds" appeared in 2006 after their discovery. The reports included approaches of the synthesis of carbon nanobuds, their formation mechanism, in situ engineering, different modes of attachment of fullerene on carbon nanotubes, DFT and MD calculations, nanobuds containing small fullerenes and graphene nanobuds, information about related noble metal nanobuds, and applications of carbon nanobuds. The findings of this review confirm the importance of novel less-common nanostructures on the basis of carbon for fundamental science, their unusual properties and current and possible applications.

A Review of Tooth Implantation Among Rhynchocephalians (Lepidosauria)

Abstract Acrodont dental implantation is widely considered an important character for referring fossil material to Rhynchocephalia. Under its purest definition, acrodonty involves teeth being attached to the crest of the marginal bones without roots. A similar mode of tooth attachment is known in a variety of other reptile groups including some squamates and procolophonids. There is a lack of consensus on the definition of acrodont, how best to characterize tooth implantation, and the relationship between implantation and tooth replacement. Rhynchocephalians already are known to demonstrate variation in their mode of tooth attachment. Unambiguous acrodonty associated with little or no tooth replacement has been associated with Sphenodon, but it appears to have been the most widespread condition for much of the Mesozoic. A form of pleurodonty, where teeth are attached to the inside of the jaw bone with shallow roots, appears to be the plesiomorphic condition for both Lepidosauria and Rhynchocephalia. Jaws ...

Clayey minerals and clayey soils as possible microorganism repositories

Clay minerals are one of the most abundant and crucial structural materials of the Earth’s crust, playing a significant role in many aspects of life. The present study aims to critically investigate the presence of microorganisms within different clayey soil samples. Microorganisms are ubiquitous by nature due to their natural ability to adapt to different habitats. Bacteria and Archea are the most abundant microorganisms in the soil and serve many important roles like nitrogen fixation. Fungi are also an integral part of the soil micro flora as they serve as food sources to other organisms as well as facilitate as layer organisms with beneficial relationships to plants. The continued evolution of man and subsequent use of clayey soils in areas such as pottery, cosmetics, engineering and geophagia brings into question whether microorganisms are harmful. Soil samples with high amounts of fine particles and colloidal substances were studied while taking into account the identified hydrated aluminosilicates and their roles in bioavailability. The study also investigated the possible types of microbial flora associated with each type of clayey soil as well as their functions within the human body. Considering the diverse origin of these microorganisms, we discuss their modes of attachment to clayey soils with the aim of minimising their transmission to humans.

Ecophenotypic asymmetry in the middle Danian brachiopodObliquorhynchia flustraceacaused by adaptation to attachment on the coralDendrophyllia candelabrum

The rhynchonellid brachiopod Obliquorhynchia flustracea from the middle Danian (Paleocene) cool-water coral mounds of the Faxe Formation, Denmark, exhibits commissural asymmetry, a rare feature in articulate brachiopods. It has been much discussed whether the underlying reasons for this asymmetry were species specific caused by pedicle attachment in the limited space between the branches of the scleractinian Dendrophyllia candelabrum. The two species are always found together, and the brachiopod is essentially missing outside facies characterized by D. candelabrum. Based on morphological analyses and statistical tests, we suggest that ecophenotypic variation is the main reason for the variability in the external shell morphology and development of commissural asymmetry. Conditions such as sexual dimorphism and defects can be dismissed as a facilitating reason of phenotypic variation. This is a rare case where it is possible to directly link commissural asymmetry to mode of attachment on a specific host.

Flaw technical, technological and organizational support checkpoint ALSN motor-wagon depot

A study in the article is devoted to basic flaw of all types of security checkpoint automatic locomotive signaling of continuous action of a Southern Railway depot multiple units within pre inspection of facilities. During flaw logistics checkpoint was established that the technical parameters and testing method of laying cables along technological ditches motor-wagon depot does not meet the technical requirements. In particular this applies to the type of cable laid, its mode of attachment to the rails, no jam proof crossed, length and insulation. Flaw technological support showed that the current technology maintenance and repair of automatic locomotive signaling motor-wagon rolling stock depot for full implementation of the excessive time required resources due to the method of laying cables slit testing process ditches. Thus the simple average of fixed parts depot functioning through checkpoint than two hours, leading to neglect of certain stages of verification of the automatic locomotive signal that, as a result, it degrades the quality of the service or maintenance. Organizational Support flaw associated primarily with staffing specialist shop automatic locomotive signaling, Fashion Lo imperfect state staffing required to perform work on the maintenance and repair of the devices. Only personnel reserve formation capable of partially settle the problem. The study established the need for correction of all types of security checkpoint in order to improve the quality of technical maintenance and repair lock automatic locomotive signal and as a consequence - increase in both operational reliability and safety of operation. To perform these adjustments should aim further research in the subject area.