Mode Of Application Research Articles

Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Automatic Non-Destructive Detection Based on Multi-Scale Imaging: A Technical Perspective.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major threat to global wheat production. Recent reviews of wheat FHB focused on pathology or comprehensive prevention and lacked a summary of advanced detection techniques. Unlike traditional detection and management methods, wheat FHB detection based on various imaging technologies has the obvious advantages of a high degree of automation and efficiency. With the rapid development of computer vision and deep learning technology, the number of related research has grown explosively in recent years. This review begins with an overview of wheat FHB epidemic mechanisms and changes in the characteristics of infected wheat. On this basis, the imaging scales are divided into microscopic, medium, submacroscopic, and macroscopic scales. Then, we outline the recent relevant articles, algorithms, and methodologies about wheat FHB from disease detection to qualitative analysis and summarize the potential difficulties in the practicalization of the corresponding technology. This paper could provide researchers with more targeted technical support and breakthrough directions. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of the ideal application mode of the FHB detection technologies based on multi-scale imaging and then examines the development trend of the all-scale detection system, which paved the way for the fusion of non-destructive detection technologies of wheat FHB based on multi-scale imaging.

Performance evaluation of GaN etching using Cl2-based plasma with bias pulsing

Reducing plasma-induced damage (PID) is one of the most challenging goals for the fabrication of GaN-based MOS-HEMT. In this paper, we propose a performance evaluation of a Cl2-based etching chemistry using bias pulsing mode for GaN applications. The plasma-induced damage using bias pulsing has been compared to conventional reactive ion etching (RIE) and atomic layer etching (ALE) processes using sheet resistance (Rsheet) measurements. This pulsing mode showed low plasma-induced damage, similar to ALE. In addition, it keeps an acceptable GaN etching rate, showing that pulsing mode has potential for industrial applications.

Pharmacological treatment of cancer pain and opioid induced nausea and vomiting: online survey and comparison with current guidelines

PurposeWe assumed that in Palliative Care, even in common clinical situations, the choice of drugs differs substantially between physicians. Therefore, we assessed the practice of pharmaceutical treatment choices of physicians for cancer pain and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) and the rationale for their choices.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with physicians covering the following domains: i) Cancer pain therapy: non-opioids in addition to opioids: choice of drug ii) prevention of OINV: choice of drug and mode of application. Current guidelines concerning cancer pain therapy and prevention of OINV were compared.ResultsTwo-hundred-forty European physicians responded to our survey. i) Use of non-opioids in addition to opioids for the treatment of cancer pain: Only 1.3% (n = 3) of respondents never used an additional non-opioid. Others mostly used: dipyrone/metamizole (49.2%, n = 118), paracetamol/acetaminophen (34.2%, n = 82), ibuprofen / other NSAIDs (11.3%, n = 27), specific Cox2-inhibitors (2.1%, n = 5), Aspirin (0.4%, n = 1), no answer (2.9%, n = 7). ii) Antiemetics to prevent OINV: The drugs of choice were metoclopramide (58.3%, n = 140), haloperidol (26.3%, n = 63), 5-HT3 antagonists (9.6%, n = 23), antihistamines (1.3%, n = 3) and other (2.9%, n = 7); no answer (1.7%, n = 4). Most respondents prescribed the substances on-demand (59.6%, n = 143) while others (36.3%, n = 87) provided them as around the clock medication. Over both domains, most physicians answered that their choices were not based on solid evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Guidelines were inconsistent regarding if and what non-opioid to use for cancer pain and recommend anti-dopaminergic drugs for prevention or treatment of OINV.ConclusionsPhysician’s practice in palliative care for the treatment of cancer pain and OINV differed substantially. Respondents expressed the lack of high-quality evidence- based information from RCTs. We call for evidence from methodologically high-quality RCTs to be available to inform physicians about the benefits and harms of pharmacological treatments for common symptoms in palliative care.

Exploring the power of data mining for uncovering traditional medicinal plant knowledge: A case study in Shahrbabak, Iran.

The present study recorded indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Shahrbabak, Iran. We described a method using data mining algorithms to predict medicinal plants' mode of application. Twenty-oneindividuals aged 28 to 81 were interviewed. Firstly, data were collected and analyzed based on quantitative indices such as the informant consensus factor (ICF), the cultural importance index (CI), and the relative frequency of citation (RFC). Secondly, the data was classified by support vector machines, J48 decision trees, neural networks, and logistic regression. So, 141 medicinal plants from 43 botanical families were documented. Lamiaceae, with 18 species, was the dominant family among plants, and plant leaves were most frequently used for medicinal purposes. The decoction was the most commonly used preparation method (56%), and therophytes were the most dominant (48.93%) among plants. Regarding the RFC index, the most important species are Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and Plantago ovata Forssk., while Artemisia auseri Boiss. ranked first based on the CI index. The ICF index demonstrated that metabolic disorders are the most common problems among plants in the Shahrbabak region. Finally, the J48 decision tree algorithm consistently outperforms other methods, achieving 95% accuracy in 10-fold cross-validation and 70-30 data split scenarios. The developed model detects with maximum accuracy how to consume medicinal plants.

Potential of Animal Bile as Bio-molluscicide against Land Snail Monacha cartusiana

Background: One of the pests that can be detrimental to crops in agroecosystems is the land snail, also known as Monacha cartusiana. Molluscicides that are chemical are the first line of defense against land snails; however, because of their toxicity to both land and aquatic life, there has been an increase in interest in the discovery of biological molluscicides that are acceptable and eco-friendly. These molluscicides are a natural and environmentally safe alternative to synthetic poisons. Methods: The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of animal bile liquid against Monacha cartusiana in vitro. Molluscicides were tested using a dipping approach on snails isolated from agricultural land. PBS was utilized as a control. Furthermore, four different concentrations of extract (12.5, 25, 50 and 100%) were evaluated across different periods, and changes in snail viability were recorded (5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes). A chemical analysis was carried out using GC-MS to determine the presence of numerous expected active chemical components in animal bile fluids. Result: The results clear that the bile had significant efficacy in killing snails at 100%, 61%, 41% and 20% after 20 hours. The findings suggest that bile contains potent chemicals and is a promising strategy for molluscicide. More research is needed to identify the specific active compounds found in animal bile, as well as their modes of action and application in vivo.

Performance evaluation of typical flocculants for efficient harvesting of Chlorella sorokiniana under different carbon application modes

In this study, the growth characteristics of microalgae cultured with different carbon sources were analyzed, and the flocculation characteristics under the influence of carbon sources were evaluated using three typical flocculants. The results showed that the organic carbon sources could significantly increase the content of extracellular proteins in microalgae. Specifically, the extracellular protein concentrations of microalgae cultured with pure BG-11, ethanol, sodium acetate and glucose were 18.2 29.2, 97.3, and 34.7 mg/g, respectively. During the flocculation process, microalgae cultured with sodium acetate exhibited a weak response to the flocculant because of excessive extracellular proteins inhibited flocculation. In addition, the flocculation efficiency was also less than 50.0% cultured with sodium acetate in all pH test ranges when alum and chitosan were used as flocculants. It could be inferred that the flocculant initially happened to charge neutralization with the negatively charged proteins in the solution and then bridged the charges with the microalgae. These findings provide insights into the effects of different carbon sources on microalgal flocculation, promising organic integration of microalgae wastewater treatment and harvesting.

In Vitro Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Five Toothpastes on Soft Drink-Eroded Human Enamel and Dentine.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential remineralization of enamel and dentine erosion lesions after the application of five different toothpastes. A total of 104 enamel and dentine samples were prepared from maxillary third molars. Each group was divided according to the toothpaste application mode (topical = 56; brushing = 48) and the toothpaste used seven topical groups and six brushing groups (n = 8). The groups included negative control (NC), positive control (PC), Sensodyne Pronamel (SP), Regenerate (R), Regenerate with boosting serum (R+), Colgate Duraphat 5000 (CD), and tooth mousse (TM). The statistical analysis showed significant surface microhardness (SMH) change. All enamel groups showed a significant decrease in SMH compared to NCfor both application modes. However, no significance was recorded between test groups. Similar results were observed between dentine groups and their relevant controls for both application modes, except brushed Rand R+groups, which were insignificant to their NC. For topical groups, TMshowed a significant increase in SMH. While Rand R+showed lower loss than SPand CD. All tested agents offered a degree of remineralization in both enamel and dentine with no significant difference between agents in enamel groups while R, R+, and TMoffered better results in dentine groups. For dentine groups, similar findings were observed with superior tooth surface protection with the application of TM over other agents. Tooth surface remineralization was achieved when agents were either applied topically or brushed over the surface.

A study on mode of pesticide application by the vegetable growers in Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh

A study on mode of pesticide application by the vegetable growers in Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh

Restore vegetation, graze animals properly or apply new technologies? How to effectively restore degraded land based on carbon trading

Because the problem of global land degradation is very prominent, it is necessary to effectively manage the degraded land. Common management modes of degraded land include vegetation restoration, rational grazing, and application of new technologies. In order to derive the applicable range of various degraded land management modes, this paper constructs three differential game models and compares and analyzes the equilibrium results obtained by the models. Finally, the study shows that if the return of the degraded land is small, the vegetation restoration mode can maximize the benefit of the government; if the return of the degraded land is large, the mode of application of new technologies can maximize the benefit of the government. Under the condition of the small cost of the degraded land, if the return of the degraded land is small, the rational grazing mode can maximize the benefit of the community. Under the condition of the large cost of the degraded land, if the return of the degraded land is small, the rational grazing mode can maximize the benefit of the community; if the return of the degraded land is large, the mode of application of new technologies can maximize the benefit of the community.

P‐77: A Novel Frequency Doubling Technology with Adaptive Dither

In this paper, in order to improve the refresh rate of large‐size LCD displays, a new optimized driving scheme combined with new GOA timing is implemented in hardware platform, which is called adaptive scanning for frequency multiplication (ASF) technology, and it can be applied to TV, MNT, NB and other fields. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic principle of Dual Line Gate technology (DLG), which is widely used, and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages. And then ASF technology is proposed to solve the disadvantages of DLG technology. The new optimized driving scheme mainly applied inter‐frame adaptive dither algorithm(ADA), odd and even frame interlaced compensation algorithm(OEC) and application mode for intelligent detection of pictures. A prototype driving circuit was fabricated, and various detection tests have been implemented. The results show the refresh rate is doubled without increasing hardware resources, and this technology avoids the loss of image quality.

Kinematic descriptors of arm reaching movement are sensitive to hemisphere-specific immediate neuromodulatory effects of transcranial direct current stimulation post stroke

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) exerts beneficial effects on motor recovery after stroke, presumably by enhancement of adaptive neural plasticity. However, patients with extensive damage may experience null or deleterious effects with the predominant application mode of anodal (excitatory) stimulation of the damaged hemisphere. In such cases, excitatory stimulation of the non-damaged hemisphere might be considered. Here we asked whether tDCS exerts a measurable effect on movement quality of the hemiparetic upper limb, following just a single treatment session. Such effect may inform on the hemisphere that should be excited. Using a single-blinded crossover experimental design, stroke patients and healthy control subjects were assessed before and after anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS, each provided during a single session of reaching training (repeated point-to-point hand movement on an electronic tablet). Group comparisons of endpoint kinematics at baseline—number of peaks in the speed profile (NoP; smoothness), hand-path deviations from the straight line (SLD; accuracy) and movement time (MT; speed)—disclosed greater NoP, larger SLD and longer MT in the stroke group. NoP and MT revealed an advantage for anodal compared to sham stimulation of the lesioned hemisphere. NoP and MT improvements under anodal stimulation of the non-lesioned hemisphere correlated positively with the severity of hemiparesis. Damage to specific cortical regions and white-matter tracts was associated with lower kinematic gains from tDCS. The study shows that simple descriptors of movement kinematics of the hemiparetic upper limb are sensitive enough to demonstrate gain from neuromodulation by tDCS, following just a single session of reaching training. Moreover, the results show that tDCS-related gain is affected by the severity of baseline motor impairment, and by lesion topography.

On wave-driven propulsion

A theory is presented for wave-driven propulsion of floating bodies driven into oscillation at the fluid interface. By coupling the equations of motion of the body to a quasipotential flow model of the fluid, we derive expressions for the drift speed and propulsive thrust of the body which in turn are shown to be consistent with global momentum conservation. We explore the efficacy of our model in describing the motion of SurferBot (Rhee et al., Bioinspir. Biomim., vol. 17, issue 5, 2022), demonstrating close agreement with the experimentally determined drift speed and oscillatory dynamics. The efficiency of wave-driven propulsion is then computed as a function of driving oscillation frequency and the forcing location, revealing optimal values for both of these parameters which await confirmation in experiments. A comparison with other modes of locomotion and applications of our model with competitive water sports is discussed in conclusion.

Influence of residues from bioceramic sealer on the bond interface with universal adhesive in different application modes.

This study evaluated the effect on adhesive layer thickness, bond strength, and adhesive failure pattern of the application of universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) using either manual or rotary brush in dentin previously impregnated with bioceramic sealer (Sealer Plus BC) using a manual brush, at 24h and 1 year. Eighty-eight bovine crowns were divided into four groups (n=22) according to the intervention: (i) use of bioceramic sealer and adhesive application using manual brush, (ii) use of bioceramic sealer and adhesive application using rotary brush, (iii) use of resin sealer and adhesive application using manual brush, and (iv) use of resin sealer and adhesive application using rotary brush. Subsequently, specimens were restored with a composite resin (Filtek Z-250). Adhesive layer thickness was evaluated using confocal microscopy. Bond strength was assessed using the microtensile bond strength test, and adhesive failure pattern was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA/Tukey tests. Specimens where a rotary brush had been used exhibited lower adhesive layer thickness. Specimens treated with resin sealer and using a manual brush showed lower bond strength values and a higher occurrence of adhesive failures at 24h and 1 year than specimens treated with bioceramic sealer and using rotary brush for adhesive application.

A Comparative Analysis of Sliding Mode and Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controllers for Climate Control Application of a Greenhouse Flower Garden

This paper describes a comparative performance analysis of sliding mode and fuzzy sliding mode controllers for climate control application of a greenhouse flower garden. Various internal and external climate related factors affect the overall growth and health of flowers that needs robust controllers to control the humidity and temperature of the greenhouse flower garden. Review of related works show that for non-linear systems, sliding mode controllers can provide robust performance even though chattering is a major drawback of the controller. A number of approaches are used to solve the chattering problem of sliding mode controllers such as hybrid uses of other controllers along with sliding mode controller. In this paper, sliding mode controller and fuzzy sliding mode controllers are designed and implemented for the specified control application based on the linearized and decoupled model of the system. The performance evaluation has been done for the control problems of reference tracking and disturbance rejection with time domain performance measures of percentage overshoot, settling time and rise time. Accordingly, the overall system has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and the simulations for the control problems have been done. Thus, FSMC has got rise time of 5.89min, 10.59min settling time and almost negligible percentage overshoot for indoor temperature at 27°C and humidity at 22g/m3. And for humidity control, the FSMC has got 5.44min settling time and nearly zero percentage overshoot for set point tracking problem. For the disturbance of solar radiation, decrease in outside temperature and fixed set point of 27°C and humidity of 22g/m3, FSMC outperforms SMC. In summary, both quantitative and qualitative results analysis results reveal that fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) outperforms sliding mode controller (SMC) for the indoor temperature and humidity control tasks of both set point tracking and disturbance rejection problems.

Exploration of Practical Teaching Mode of Electrical Control and Programmable Logic Controller Application Based on Project Teaching Method

In today’s prosperous industrial era, training electrical control personnel to meet the needs of the industry remains one of the important tasks of colleges and universities. How to effectively cultivate electrical control personnel has become an unavoidable issue for industry and colleges and universities. Aiming at the problems existing in the current teaching mode of electrical control and programmable logic controller (PLC) application, this paper proposes a new teaching mode based on the project teaching method. The methodology aims to increase student engagement, deepen understanding of theoretical knowledge, and reinforce the development of practical skills. Through the implementation of the project teaching method, it is expected to effectively cultivate electrical control talents to meet the needs of the industrial control industry and inject new vigor into the development of modern industry.

The Effect of Combined Application of Biocontrol Microorganisms and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Sustainable plant production requires less use of synthetic chemicals in plant nutrition and protection. Microbial products are among the most promising substitutes for chemicals. With the increasing popularity and availability of such products, it has become obligatory to use different microbes together. The effect of this has been tested in several studies, but their results have sometimes been contradictory depending on the microbial strains tested and the mode of application. We tested the effect of two commercially available antagonists and Funneliformis mosseae alone and in combination on tomato. Mycorrhizal treatment increased plant growth and yield, both alone and combined with the antagonists; however, mycorrhizal root colonization was not influenced by the antagonist. This treatment also led to a slight decrease in the occurrence of Trichoderma spp. on tomato roots but did not impede the colonization of roots by the applied Trichoderma strain. Our result confirmed that Trichoderma asperellum (T34) and Streptomyces griseoviridis (K61) can be safely combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), namely with F. mosseae.

Ulinastatitis in Complex Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis (Literature Review)

The purpose of this literature review is to assess the completeness and significance of recent research on the treatment of a destructive form of pancreatitis for public health and scientific achievements, highlighting areas that require further detailed study. A review of foreign literature on the use of the protease inhibitor ulinastatin in the complex conservative treatment and prevention of acute pancreatitis is made. The clinical and laboratory effectiveness of the drug in preventing the transition of uninfected pancreatic necrosis into a complicated purulent-necrotic form with the development of abdominal sepsis, as well as the effect on treatment results and mortality, has been demonstrated. Existing schemes and modes of application are given. In recent years, significant scientific achievements have been presented in the field of treatment of acute pancreatitis, especially in the context of its destructive forms. The results of numerous studies have made it possible to formulate recommendations aimed at optimizing treatment approaches and improving the prognosis of this condition. Studies have identified key factors affecting the prognosis and outcome of treatment of acute pancreatitis, including the degree of destruction of the pancreas, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients, as well as complications associated with various treatment methods. These data will allow surgeons to develop individual treatment strategies, taking into account the specifics of each case. Ulinastatin is not only a protease inhibitor, but also has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Based on the results of numerous foreign studies, the high clinical and laboratory effectiveness of ulinastainin the complex drug therapy of acute pancreatitis has been proven. And also, to prevent it and/or hyperfermentemia during ERCP and extended operations on the organs of the pancreato-duodenal zone. Ulinastatin is most effective in the edematous form of AP and aseptic pancreatic necrosis. In case of infected pacreonecrosis with severe organ-systemic failure or the formation of purulent-necrotic foci in the retroperitoneum (abdominal sepsis), the drug is not effective.

Exogenous applications of ascorbic acid improve wheat growth, physiology and yield under salinity stress via a balance in antioxidant production and ROS scavenging

ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid (AsA) improves plant tolerance against abiotic stresses, but key mechanisms of salt tolerance by its different application modes are obscure. In this study, 5 mM AsA was applied in seed priming (SP), foliar spray (FS) and medium supplementation (MS) modes to explore their comparative effectiveness in improving salinity (170 mM) tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Galaxy-2013). For SP, seeds were primed while FS and MS were administered at tillering. One set of plants was harvested 30 days after treatment to record data for growth, pigments, leaf gas exchange and water relations, as well as shoot and root osmolytes accumulation, antioxidative defence and ionic contents. Another set was harvested at ripening to measure grain yield (GY) components. Salinity stress reduced growth, photosynthesis, water relations, antioxidants defence, enhanced free amino acids, soluble sugars, free proline and glycine betaine, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. The correlations heatmap revealed positive associations among growth, physiological and GY; being stronger in MS mode. All AsA modes reduced salinity damage, but MS was highly promising. Conclusively, maintenance of a balance in reactive oxygen species dousing and antioxidant production following tissue absorption of AsA in diminishing oxidative damage is a plausible mechanism of wheat salt tolerance.

Dissipation and potential risk of tristyrylphenol ethoxylate homologs in peanuts by spraying and root irrigation: A comparative assessment

Peanuts, known for their nutritional value, health benefits, and delicious taste, are susceptible to agricultural chemical contamination, posing a challenge to the peanut industry in China. While tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSPEOs) have garnered attention for their widespread use in pesticide formulations, their dissipation and potential risks in peanuts remain a gap in knowledge. This study, unique in its focus on TSPEOs, investigates their dissipation and potential risks under two common application modes: spraying and root irrigation. The concentration of total TSPEOs in peanut plants was significantly higher when sprayed (435–37,693 μg/kg) than in root irrigation (24–1602 μg/kg). The dissipation of TSPEOs was faster in peanuts and soil when sprayed, with half-lives of 3.67–5.59 d (mean: 4.37 d) and 5.41–7.07 d (mean: 5.95 d), respectively. The residue of TSPEOs in peanut shells and soil were higher with root irrigation (8.9–65.2 and 25.4–305.1 μg/kg, respectively) than with spraying (5.4–30.6 and 8.8–146.5 μg/kg, respectively). These results indicated that the dissipation behavior of TSPEOs in peanuts was influenced by application modes. While the healthy and ecological risk assessments of TSPEOs in soil and peanut shells showed no risks, root irrigation might pose a higher potential risk than spraying. This research provides valuable data for the judicious application of pesticides during peanut cultivation to enhance pesticide utilization and reduce potential risks.

Effect of electric mode of micro-arc oxidation on structural and phase state of calcium-phosphate coating

The micro-arc oxidation method has been used to obtain calcium-phosphate coatings on titanium surface, expected to have bioactive properties. The effect of the pulse current duty cycle and voltage of micro-arc oxidation on the morphology, elemental and phase composition of the coating has been studied. Decrease in the pulse duty cycle during micro-arc oxidation results in the formation of flake, spheroidal and lamellar structures. It has been shown that the Ca/P ratio and surface roughness of the coating increases regardless of the pulse duty cycle with increase of applied voltage. Depending on the application mode, the Ca/P ratio and the roughness of calcium phosphate coatings ranged from 0.44 to 0.67 and from 4.2 to 6.8 μm, respectively. It was found that change of the pulse current duty cycle and increase of the voltage up to 600 V results in the formation of the main crystalline phases Ca(H2PO4)2(H2O) and CaPO3(OH) in the coatings.