Modality Preference Research Articles

Modal preference structures

A total preorder is a transitive and complete binary relation on a set. A modal preference structure of rank n is a string composed of 2 to the exponent n binary relations on a set such that there is a family of total preorders that gives all relations by taking intersections and unions. Total preorders are structures of rank zero, NaP-preferences (Giarlotta and Greco, 2013) are structures of rank one, and GNaP-preferences (Carpentiere et al., 2022) are structures of rank two. We characterize modal preference structures of any rank by properties of transitive coherence and mixed completeness. Moreover, we show how to construct structures of a given rank from others of lower rank. Modal preference structures arise in economics and psychology, in the process of aggregating hierarchical judgements of groups of agents, where each of the n coordinates represents a feature/stage of the decision procedure.

Characteristics of women attending a phase 3 cardiovascular rehabilitation program: is there a need for a more tailored intervention?

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main reason for mortality in women, however there are well identified discrepancies between men and women attending cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) programs. Men are usually more referred and have higher adherence to CR programs than women. Understanding the characteristics of women attending long-term CR programs might be useful to better adapt and motivate future women with CVD to adhere in a higher scale. Purpose To describe characteristics of women with CVD attending a long-term phase III CR program and to compare with men the attendance rates and chosen exercise modality preferences. Methods Patients with CVD in a phase III long-term CR program were screened for the following assessments: 1) cardiorespiratory fitness through cardiopulmonary exercise testing; 2) body mass index (BMI); 3) physical activity (accelerometery); 4) social, demographic variables (questionnaires); 5) attendance rates (sessions attended/sessions planned) and dropout. When admitted, CVD patients chose to attend either the supervised exercise phase III CR sessions in a face-to-face model or an online model, and if they wanted to attend 2x or 3x/week. Chi-square and independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results From the 206 CVD patients assessed, 19.9% were women (n=41, mean age 61 ± 11 years, 70.7% coronary artery disease, 53.7% married, 73.2% higher education, 43.9% retired, 39% working full time). From the 41 women screened, 39 enrolled the CR program and 17.9% dropped out before 12 months of program completion (4 women dropped before 6 month of program completion). The main reason of dropout was due to work/CR sessions conciliation. When asked to select the exercise modality, 56.4% chose the 3x/week face-to-face model, 28.2% the 2x/week face-to-face model and 15.4% the online model. When compared to men, women tend to choose the online modality and the 2x/week face-to-face model more than men (x2= 9.298; df=2; p=0.010). Regarding baseline assessments, 63.4% of women completed the assessment for cardiorespiratory fitness (VO²peak=17.11 ± 3.71 ml/kg/min), 80.5% for BMI (29.17 ± 5.58 kg/m²) and 78% for physical activity (38.55 ± 23.88 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity). When comparing attendance at 6 months, women have significantly lower attendance rates than men (56.87 ± 2.86% vs 70.24 ± 1.63%, p=0.001). Conclusion The low sample of women, compared to men, in this CR program, their characteristics, types of session modalities chosen, and lower attendance rates suggests that changes in long-term phase III CR programs are needed to tackle this disparity. Individualized and personalized strategies should be created targeting this population according to their needs, motivations and characteristics. A women-tailored phase III long-term CR program, with different session modalities and schedules, might be the future path to undertake.

From Resistance to Resilience: Teachers’ Adaptation Process to Mediating Digital Devices in Pre-COVID-19, during COVID-19, and Post-COVID-19 Classrooms in Nepal

This qualitative study explores the implementation and adoption process of the use of digital devices and tools in teaching and learning before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Using Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory as a framework, the study examines the adoption and adaptation of digital devices by in-service secondary mathematics teachers (n = 62) and the teachers’ perceptions of and preferences for instructional modalities. The findings suggest that, despite the increased reliance on digital devices during the pandemic, there is a lower likelihood of them being used in face-to-face classrooms in developing countries, such as Nepal. The adoption of online learning had not yet reached the adoption stage, even after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, online learning was not widely adopted by teachers in developing countries societies. The study also provides important insights into the challenges of and opportunities provided by using digital devices in post-COVID-19 classrooms, and its implications for policymakers and educators in Nepal.

The influence of knowledge type and source reputation on preferences for website or video search results

AbstractSearching for information on the web has become an essential task in our society. This article presents a preregistered experimental study that investigates how the knowledge dimension (conceptual, procedural) and relevance of displaying spatiotemporal changes (high, low) for a given search task affect searchers' preference for different resource modalities (websites, videos). Additionally, effects of source reputation (high, low) were examined. Participants were confronted with 16 learning tasks and respective mock‐up video or website search results and had to indicate the likelihood of selecting the respective search results. The learning tasks varied regarding their knowledge dimension and their degree of spatiotemporal changes. Search results varied regarding source reputation and resource modality. Study results showed that search results with low source reputation were more likely to be selected when they were video results as compared to website results. Furthermore, for learning tasks with a high degree of spatiotemporal changes, a preference for videos over website results was found, while a low degree of spatiotemporal changes did not lead to modality preferences. To conclude, both knowledge dimension and degree of visuospatial changes of learning tasks seem to be promising classifications to consider for understanding users' source and modality selection during web‐based learning.

Speech-language pathologists’ perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication in Thailand

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are not well-known and broadly used in Thailand. To begin introducing AAC systems and interventions to children with complex communication needs in Thailand, understanding speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) perceptions toward various AAC systems is an important first step. This study assessed SLPs’ perceptions of three AAC modalities: gestural communication, communication boards, and iPad 1 -based speech-output technologies. A total of 78 SLPs watched three video vignettes of a child using each mode and rated their impressions of intelligibility, ease of learnability and use, effectiveness, and preference. Then they were asked to rate factors on visual analog scales that provided additional insights into their rationales and their preferences for AAC modalities for nonverbal clients and for themselves if they were nonverbal. The results indicated that most of the SLPs rated iPad-based speech-output technologies as being the more intelligible, effective, and preferred mode of communication. Gestural communication was rated as the easiest mode to learn and use for a child with complex communication needs. Despite infrequent use of iPad-based speech-output technologies in Thailand, SLPs’ ratings indicated high social acceptance of this modality for promoting communication abilities of children with complex communication needs. Results also revealed some biases and lack of knowledge about AAC systems in Thailand.

Participant Preferences for the Development of a Digitally Delivered Gardening Intervention to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Health: Cross-sectional Study.

Low dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and physical inactivity are 2 modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Fruit and vegetable gardening can provide access to fresh produce, and many gardening activities are considered moderate physical activity. This makes gardening interventions a potential strategy for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Previously developed gardening interventions have relied on in-person delivery models, which limit scalability and reach. The purpose of this study was to ascertain participant insight on intervention components and topics of interest to inform a digitally delivered, gardening-focused, multiple health behavior change intervention. A web-based survey was delivered via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), including quantitative and open-ended questions. Eligible participants were aged ≥20 years, could read and write in English, were US residents, and had at least a 98% MTurk task approval rating. A multilevel screening process was used to identify and exclude respondents with response inattention, poor language fluency, or suspected automated web robots (bots). Participants were asked about their interest in gardening programming, their preferences for intervention delivery modalities (1-hour expert lectures, a series of brief <5-minute videos, or in-person meetings), and what information is needed to teach new gardeners. Comparisons were made between never gardeners (NG) and ever gardeners (EG) in order to examine differences in perceptions based on prior experience. Quantitative data were summarized, and differences between groups were tested using chi-square tests. Qualitative data were coded and organized into intervention functions based on the Behavior Change Wheel. A total of 465 participants were included (n=212, 45.6% NG and n=253, 54.4% EG). There was a high level of program interest overall (n=355, 76.3%), though interest was higher in EG (142/212, 67% NG; 213/253, 84.2% EG; P<.001). The majority of participants (n=282, 60.7%) preferred a series of brief <5-minute videos (136/212, 64.2% NG; 146/253, 57.7% EG; P=.16) over 1-hour lectures (29/212, 13.7% NG; 50/253, 19.8% EG; P=.08) or in-person delivery modes (47/212, 22.2% NG; 57/253, 22.5% EG; P=.93). Intervention functions identified were education and training (performing fundamental gardening and cooking activities), environmental restructuring (eg, social support), enablement (provision of tools or seeds), persuasion (offering encouragement and highlighting the benefits of gardening), and modeling (using content experts and participant testimonials). Content areas identified included the full lifecycle of gardening activities, from the fundamentals of preparing a garden site, planting and maintenance to harvesting and cooking. In a sample of potential web-based learners, participants were interested in a digitally delivered gardening program. They preferred brief videos for content delivery and suggested content topics that encompassed how to garden from planting to harvesting and cooking. The next step in this line of work is to identify target behavior change techniques and pilot test the intervention to assess participant acceptability and preliminary efficacy.

Investigating Residential Built Environment Effects on Rank-Based Modal Preferences and Auto-Ownership

Studies in the residential self-selection literature, which use attitudinal factors to model the jointness of residential and travel-related choices, assume a unidirectional impact from attitudes to behavior; however, such an assumption may be violated under several circumstances. In this current study, we allow the error terms of the attitudinal factors to be correlated with the main outcomes as we jointly model residential choice, auto-ownership level, and rank-based modal preferences. In our joint model, we use green lifestyle propensity and luxury lifestyle propensity as the two stochastic latent constructs. The empirical data for this study is drawn from the 2019 multi-city Transformative Technologies in Transportation survey for the city of Austin that elicited information with respect to individuals’ residential location, auto-ownership, and modal preferences through a stated preference experiment in a futuristic autonomous vehicle environment. Results indicate significant unobserved correlations between the latent constructs and the main outcomes; ignoring such endogeneity leads to underestimations of the “true” causal effect of high-density neighborhood (HDN) living on travel-related choices, which can have consequences for policy-making. In our analysis, the “true” causal effect of HDN living on auto-ownership suggests that, on average, the auto-ownership level would reduce by about 29% when an individual is shifted from a non-HDN to a HDN. Furthermore, the probability of using the bicycle mode for non-work pursuits is estimated to increase by 8%, and that of using a private vehicle is estimated to decrease by 3.1%, when individuals are moved from a non-HDN to a HDN.

Public safety messaging during super bowl LVI: A pilot study and modified framework.

The Super Bowl is one of the most widely attended sporting events and requires proper communication to ensure emergency preparedness for everyone in the city. This pilot study used Super Bowl LVI as a setting to inform future research evaluating the effectiveness of the public health messaging during mass-gathering events. This pilot study modifies past theoretical frameworks and research tools to create a novel survey instrument focused on public safety message effectiveness. This survey was sent to all of those that opted-in to the Joint Information Center's notification platform during Super Bowl LVI. The results show that message comprehension, source credibility, and perceived risk might not be associated with proactive behavior for public safety messaging. However, modality preference results showed that individuals might prefer to receive public safety and emergency alerts by text message. Factors that influence proactive response towards public safety messaging might differ from emergency alerts. This pilot study has yielded results from a major mass-gathering event that can be used to understand errors that arise during public health and emergency preparedness and strengthen future disaster planning and research.

Characterizing digital access in pediatric urology

Virtual medicine has the potential to improve access for underserved populations by facilitating timely remote evaluation. However, challenges in the real-world implementation of this technology may paradoxically exacerbate health disparities. We sought to characterize families' digital access and how social determinants of health may impact virtual medicine access within pediatric urology. We hypothesized that disadvantaged socioeconomic status would be a barrier to virtual medicine access. A digital access screening tool was prospectively developed and launched in July 2021. Schedulers are prompted to complete this optional screening questionnaire at the time of patient intake, for video or in-person encounters. The parent is screened for access to a device and reliable internet or cellular data that could be used to participate in a video visit. These represented the primary study outcomes. A modality preference for an in-person visit, video visit, or no preference was also recorded. Patient demographics were retrospectively evaluated, and socioeconomic status was estimated using the Distressed Communities Index generated for each patient's zip code. For each zip code, the Distressed Communities Index produces a normalized, comparative distress score ranging from 0 ("prosperous") to 100 ("distressed"). 3885 patients were included, with median age of 5 years (IQR 1-11). Almost 74% were male, 71.3% were White, 20.9% had public insurance, and 2.9% required an interpreter. The median distress score was 14.2 (IQR 7.2-27.5). Screening revealed that 136 families (3.5%) lacked digital access. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, insurance type (p=0.0020) and distress score (p=0.0125) were significant predictors of digital access (Summary Table). Those patients who lacked access to a device (p<0.0001) or reliable internet/cellular data (p<0.0001) were more likely to prefer an in-person visit. Family screening revealed that there is a small but significant proportion of families who lack digital access, and this cohort disproportionately represents underserved communities with higher distress scores, likely reflecting lower socioeconomic status. Those families without digital accesswere more likely to prefer an in-person visit. Improved identification of these socially complex "at-risk" patients can assist in the development of more inclusive health care strategies. Despite the chance for virtual medicine to expand access for underserved populations, lack of digital tools may hinder its potential impact on health disparities in pediatric urology. Ongoing digital access screening and further studies are needed to design interventions tailored to the specific needs of our patients, allowing for more equitable pediatric urological care.

An Exploratory Study of the PrEP Modality Preferences Among a Convenience Sample of Parents of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents

PurposeParents' attitudes toward contraceptive delivery methods have been shown to impact their adolescents' use of contraceptive methods. However, little is known about the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery method attitudes of parents of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents assigned male at birth (AMAB). This exploratory, mixed-method formative study examined the PrEP delivery method preferences among a convenience sample of 33 parents of SGM adolescents AMAB who live in Texas. MethodsParticipants completed an online survey, where they selected their preferred PrEP method for their SGM adolescent AMAB to use: PrEP as a daily oral pill, a bimonthly injectable, or a yearly implant. Parents answered an open-ended question about their reasons for choosing their preferred method. We analyzed data through descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis. ResultsFindings from this convenience sample suggest that there is not one PrEP delivery method that parents of SGM adolescents AMAB prefer: one third of parents (33.3%) selected PrEP as a daily oral pill, 45.5% selected PrEP as a bimonthly injectable, and 21.2% selected PrEP as an annual implant. Parents cited multiple reasons for selecting a delivery method over another, with the most prevalent reasons being adherence (57.6%), access or cost (21.2%), and generic convenience or ease (21.2%). DiscussionFindings from this formative exploratory study sets the stage for future research and intervention development in increasing parental knowledge, preferences, and preference motivations for PrEP delivery methods.

Learning assessment challenges from students and faculty perception in times of COVID-19: A case study

A mixed-method study about the perception of students and faculty around learning assessment practices was conducted in a multicampus competency-based approached Mexican private university. The objective was getting new knowledge about higher education community perception around learning assessment practices, learning outcomes production and how authentic assessment was driven while working on different modalities during the pandemic: remote learning, synchronous hybrid learning, alternate hybrid learning, and on-site modality. A questionnaire, and an interview for faculty and focus groups for students were designed, validated, and conducted. A total of 281 faculty and 908 students participated in this study. The main quantitative results indicate that students who took on-site classes evaluate the variables better than those who took hybrid classes. In addition, students who took remote classes evaluate the authenticity variable better than those who took it in alternate hybrid modality. In the case of the faculty, only the equality variable showed significant differences between the reported modalities. Besides, the main qualitative results indicate that perceptions are quite different between faculty and students while getting their perceptions from an evaluation standards scope. Thus, their perspectives around equality, authenticity, feasibility, reliability and ethics were obtained and discussed against literature. The main conclusions of the study remarked that students and faculty were positive towards most of the execution of learning assessment and learning outcomes practices during the pandemic. Nevertheless, students’ preference of on-site modality was determined as the way they have more opportunities for interacting and learning more from assessment and feedback.

PD06-06 INSTITUTIONAL AND SURGEON VARIATION IN PRACTICE WITHIN THE PEDIATRIC KIDNEY STONE (PKIDS) CARE IMPROVEMENT NETWORK

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD06-06 INSTITUTIONAL AND SURGEON VARIATION IN PRACTICE WITHIN THE PEDIATRIC KIDNEY STONE (PKIDS) CARE IMPROVEMENT NETWORK Nicolas Fernandez, Jonathan Ellison, Zi Wang, Jing Huang, David Chu, Pankaj Dangle, Renea Sturm, Andrew Stec, Ryan Hsi, Christina Ching, Wayland Wu, Caleb Nelson, Brian Augelli, Jing Karchin, and Gregory Tasian Nicolas FernandezNicolas Fernandez More articles by this author , Jonathan EllisonJonathan Ellison More articles by this author , Zi WangZi Wang More articles by this author , Jing HuangJing Huang More articles by this author , David ChuDavid Chu More articles by this author , Pankaj DanglePankaj Dangle More articles by this author , Renea SturmRenea Sturm More articles by this author , Andrew StecAndrew Stec More articles by this author , Ryan HsiRyan Hsi More articles by this author , Christina ChingChristina Ching More articles by this author , Wayland WuWayland Wu More articles by this author , Caleb NelsonCaleb Nelson More articles by this author , Brian AugelliBrian Augelli More articles by this author , Jing KarchinJing Karchin More articles by this author , and Gregory TasianGregory Tasian More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003230.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The strength of the evidence base supporting surgical management of urinary stone disease for pediatric patients is weak. Using data from the PKIDS Network, we aimed to describe characteristics of institutions and surgeons in PKIDS and factors associated with selection of surgical intervention modality for different clinical scenarios. METHODS: Surgeons in the PKIDS Network completed intake surveys at site activation between February 2020 and September 2022. Surgeon questionnaires collected demographics, clinical and surgical management preferences. Institutional questionnaires collected site characteristics about case volume, equipment availability, and infrastructure. Assessment of preference between surgery type (URS, SWL, PCNL) was evaluated using 4 different clinical scenarios included in the surgeon survey (A) 2 cm kidney stone, B) 9 mm proximal ureteral stone, C) 1.5 cm lower pole kidney stone, D) 1 cm non lower pole kidney stone. Four multivariable linear regression models were built to evaluate the association between surgeon and institutional characteristics and the choice of surgical intervention for each of the 4 clinical scenarios. Principal component analysis was performed to identify clusters of characteristics that influenced surgical intervention. RESULTS: A total of 31 sites and 148 surgeons with a mean of 9.7 years in practice (SD=8.7 years) completed surveys. There was wide variation in surgeon preferences for type of surgical intervention; equipoise was greatest for URS versus PCNL for a 1.5cm kidney stone (Figure 1). Principal component analysis identified 3 clusters of factors influencing surgeon preferences: A. Stone characteristics (size, location, and density), B. Patient characteristics (symptoms, history of urinary tract infections, comorbidities, and prior surgical history) and C. Other (complications, reimbursement, radiation exposure and number of anesthetics). CONCLUSIONS: Wide heterogeneity in the characteristics and preferences of surgeons who surgically manage pediatric patients with urinary stones was identified. A cohort of surgeons expressed preference for surgical modality driven primarily by kidney stone features, another by patient features, and a third by other variables. Source of Funding: Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PECORI) © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e157 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Nicolas Fernandez More articles by this author Jonathan Ellison More articles by this author Zi Wang More articles by this author Jing Huang More articles by this author David Chu More articles by this author Pankaj Dangle More articles by this author Renea Sturm More articles by this author Andrew Stec More articles by this author Ryan Hsi More articles by this author Christina Ching More articles by this author Wayland Wu More articles by this author Caleb Nelson More articles by this author Brian Augelli More articles by this author Jing Karchin More articles by this author Gregory Tasian More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

366 Patient Preference for Peritoneal Dialysis and Modality Utilized Among a Late-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease Population in Bronx, NY

366 Patient Preference for Peritoneal Dialysis and Modality Utilized Among a Late-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease Population in Bronx, NY

Drug treatment perspectives and experiences among family and friends of people who use illicit opioids: A mixed methods study

IntroductionIncreasing evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is key to reducing opioid-related morbidity and mortality. Family and close friends of people with OUD can play an important role in motivating and facilitating their loved ones' treatment. We examined evolving knowledge about OUD and its treatment among family and close friends of people who use illicit opioids and their experiences navigating the treatment system. MethodsEligible individuals were Massachusetts residents, ≥18 years of age, did not use illicit opioids in the past 30 days, and had a close relationship with someone who currently uses illicit opioids. Recruitment leveraged a nonprofit support network for family members of persons with a substance use disorder (SUD). We used a sequential mixed methods approach, in which a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews (N = 22, April–July 2018) informed the development of a quantitative survey (N = 260, February–July 2020). Attitudes and experiences related to OUD treatment constituted an emergent theme in qualitative interviews, which informed a section of the subsequent survey. ResultsBoth qualitative and quantitative data indicated support groups were instrumental in increasing OUD knowledge and influencing attitudes toward treatment options. Regarding how best to motivate drug treatment engagement, some participants favored what they referred to as a “tough love” approach that typically included a preference for abstinence-based treatment, while others favored a positive reinforcement approach focused on enhancing treatment motivation. Loved ones' treatment preferences and scientific evidence played a minor role in determining preferred treatment modalities, and only 38 % of survey participants believed that using medications for OUD is more effective than treatment without medications. A majority (57 %) agreed that finding a drug treatment slot or bed was either somewhat or very difficult, and that once in the system treatment was costly and involved multiple returns to treatment after relapse. ConclusionsSupport groups appear to be important forums for gaining knowledge about OUD, negotiating strategies to motivate their loved ones' entry into treatment, and forming preferences for treatment modalities. Participants emphasized the influence of other group members more so than their loved ones' preferences or empirical evidence of effectiveness with regard to choosing treatment programs and approaches.

How Has Anticipated Post-Pandemic Ride-Sourcing Use Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from a Two-Cycle Survey of the Greater Toronto Area

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected activity-travel behavior in cities across the world, and in particular, travel mode choices. Studies on the topic have attributed shifts in modal preferences to the changes in attitudes toward different modes of travel that resulted from the pandemic. A common theme is that attitudes toward so-called individual modes of travel, such as private vehicles and active modes, have become more positive. In contrast, attitudes toward shared modes have become more negative. Ride-sourcing represents a relatively unique middle ground, as it combines the attributes of individual and shared modes. Given the potential for the availability of these services to influence activity-travel behavior and the operations of transportation networks before the pandemic, the potential nature of post-pandemic ride-sourcing use has important implications for transportation planning. This study uses data from a web-based, two-cycle survey to examine anticipated post-pandemic ride-sourcing usage among pre-pandemic ride-sourcing users in the Greater Toronto Area. The results highlight how anticipated post-pandemic ride-sourcing usage has changed as the pandemic has progressed, including the extent to which the determinants of anticipated usage have shifted. Notably, it was observed that changes in perceptions of risk during the pandemic influence anticipated post-pandemic ride-sourcing use. Furthermore, changes in ride-sourcing use in response to the pandemic and the utilization of ride-sourcing during the pandemic were also found to influence anticipated post-pandemic usage. Overall, the results of this study underscore the potential for post-pandemic ride-sourcing usage to differ from that of pre-pandemic usage.

Preferences for Colorectal Cancer Screening Modalities Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) could be a leading explanation for cancer-related death. Numerous studies have shown the benefit of early screening for colorectal cancer in reducing mortality. Screening for colorectal cancer is a rational and cost-effective strategy for reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer and related mortality. Despite endorsement by academic and healthcare organizations, patient awareness and compliance with screening are low, partly due to patient-related barriers to screening. This study aimed to explore the preferred screening method for colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia in general. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the Saudi adult population from September 2021 through February 2022. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed among the population using an online platform. Data were tabulated in Google Forms, and all statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). During this study, data from 10,781 participants were analyzed. Among them, the most preferred screening modality for colorectal cancer was the stool fecal immunochemical test (41.7%) and the most suitable (33.5%). The most commonly mentioned qualities that influenced choosing a particular screening test were "how the test was performed" (50.4%). Because the stool fecal immunochemical test is the most preferred screening modality for colorectal cancer, this study could serve as a database to aid in the implementation of a colorectal cancer screening program that meets the preferences of the general population of Saudi Arabia.

Brazilian Immigrant Parents’ Preferences for Content and Intervention Modalities for the Design of a Family-Based Intervention to Promote Their Preschool-Age Children’s Healthful Energy Balance-Related Behaviors

Brazilians are a rapidly growing ethnic immigrant population in the United States (U.S.), and there is a lack of childhood obesity prevention interventions addressing the needs of Brazilian preschool-age children. Using the family ecological model (FEM) as a guide, this developmental cross-sectional study assessed the preferences (content, intervention modality, and language) of 52 individual Brazilian immigrant parents (27 mothers, 25 fathers) for a family-based intervention to promote healthful energy balance-related behaviors (EBRB). Overall, 85% or more of parents reported being interested or very interested in content related to five of the seven assessed EBRBs (increasing fruits and vegetables, reducing unhealthy foods and sugar-sweetened beverages, increasing physical activity, and reducing screen time). Parent-preferred intervention modalities were group sessions delivered by community health workers (CHWs, 86.5%), email (84.6%), and messaging (78.8%), with most parents (71.2%) indicating a preference for content in Portuguese. Interventions integrating multiple components, such as group sessions offered by CHWs and text messaging using SMS and WhatsApp, should be considered. Future steps for intervention development should include investigating different communication channels and their integration into a culturally and linguistically tailored family-based intervention designed to promote healthful EBRBs of preschool-age children in Brazilian families living in the U.S.

Understanding cycling dissonance in travel mode choice for work trip chains: The role of modality styles

Nearly 15 percent of workers in Australia live within a cyclable distance of their workplace but commute by private vehicles. Adopting the concept of cycling dissonance, we investigate the role of modality styles alongside built environment characteristics on commuters’ travel mode choice for work trip chains. Using travel survey data and employing latent class choice modelling, results reveal two modality styles: (1) driving and walking oriented commuters; and (2) multimodal commuters. Commuters in the first modality style are mostly those who are aged 20 and above, have dependent children, own a motor vehicle(s), and are insensitive to trip chain complexity. The second modality style captures those who are younger, relatively inelastic to mode-specific travel time, and prefer sustainable transport including cycling for non-complex trip chains. High population density around home residences encourages the choice of cycling for commuters falling within the second modality style, indicating that they are the most likely candidates to undergo a mode shift from motorised transport to cycling. Findings enable us to distinguish commuters by their latent modal preference and better identify the spatial concentrations of candidate commuters with a greater potential for a mode shift, which may be helpful for prioritising cycling-supportive investment in policymaking.

The Preference for Virtual versus In-Person Healthcare Modality: Can one Appointment Make the Difference? Analysis of the Infoway Database

The Preference for Virtual versus In-Person Healthcare Modality: Can one Appointment Make the Difference? Analysis of the Infoway Database

The moderating effect of knowledge type on search result modality preferences in web search scenarios

Searching information within the web for tasks differing in their knowledge dimension (e.g. conceptual or procedural) is essential for learners in the 21st century. However, little is known about how the underlying knowledge characteristics of learning tasks influence the preference for particular resource modalities (e.g., texts with pictures or videos) the web offers. Across two studies, we investigated how the preference for different resource modalities in hypothetical search scenarios is affected by the knowledge type (sensorimotor procedural, cognitive procedural, causal conceptual, and relational conceptual knowledge). Both studies found an influence of knowledge type on users' modality preferences. A significant preference for videos was found for sensorimotor procedural tasks, while texts with pictures were favoured for cognitive procedural and relational conceptual tasks. For causal conceptional tasks, no differences were found. The observed differences in modality preferences between knowledge types of the same knowledge dimensions (i.e., procedural vs conceptual knowledge) prompted us to investigate in Study 2 an additional knowledge classification, that is, the degree of spatiotemporal changes relevant to the knowledge type. Results showed that knowledge types with a low degree of spatiotemporal changes led to a preference for websites with text and pictures, regardless of their affiliation to procedural or conceptual knowledge. In contrast, videos were preferred only for tasks with a high degree of visuospatial changes and a procedural character. To conclude, the knowledge types and the degree of visuospatial changes of learning tasks seem to be promising classifications to consider regarding modality preferences in models of web-based learning.