Noninvasive Modality For Diagnosis Research Articles

Extensive Venous Tumor Thrombi in a Case of Malignant Melanoma: Role of 18F FDG PET/CT.

The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging is a non-invasive modality for diagnosis and staging of metastatic melanoma. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of cancers, which needs anticoagulant therapy. Tumor thrombosis (TT), on the other hand, is an infrequent complication of solid malignancies that may need aggressive management. Accurate diagnosis of TT and its differentiation from VTE may change patient management and avoid unnecessary anticoagulation treatment. The objective of this case is to introduce a patient with malignant melanoma presenting with extensive venous tumor thrombi with intense FDG uptake.

RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF HISTOMORPHOLOGY OF MUCORMYCOSIS SEEN IN COVID 19 PATIENT WITH SPECIAL COMMENT ON ANGIOINVASION.

Introduction: COVID 19 infection has caused a pandemic across the globe for continuous 2-3 years as it started its journey in Huan city of china in 2019, hence it got its name as COVID 19. Aims and Objectives: To assess the fungal infections (mucormycosis, Apergillus and candida ) in post covid patients. Total 59 cases of COVID Methodology: 19 infections with fungal infection were included. Out of 59 cases, 46 cases showed mucormycosis, 7 sh Results: owed aspergillus and 6 cases showed mixed infection (> one species of fungal organism). Discussion: Most commonly the fungal infection occurs in the paranasal sinuses. Usually such patient's presents with severe headache, blurring of vision and overlying skin discoloration. The best non invasive modality for diagnosis is the CT scan of paranasal sinus. It shows diffuse thickening of sinus mucosa with irregular surface and bone erosion particularly orbital bones. It leads to invasion into the orbital cavity as well as with cranial cavity which has 100% mortality. Fungal infections Conclusion: in COVID 19 patients are dreadful and it causes high mortality. Most common fungal infection is Mucormycosis followed by Apsergillus and Candida.

Late Presentation of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy : Role of Non Invasive Modalities for The Diagnosis

Background : Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC) is an inherited myocardial disease affecting predominantly young people and manifests as sustained ventricular tachycardia, sudden cardiac death (SCD) or heart failure. However, its first manifestation in older patients is infrequent. Diagnosis of ARVC remains a clinical challenge and need further investigation. Our case report investigated role of non invasive modalities for diagnosis of ARVC patient.
 Case Presentation : A 65 year old man was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of palpitationand near syncope. An Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a sustained VT with LBBB morphology and inferior axis. The patient was cardioverted to sinus rhytm with a single 100J shock. Postcardioversion ECG showed an epsilon wave in right precordial leads. Echocardiography revealed extensive RV enlargement and reduce function. Our patient had three major (RV aneurysm, epsilon wave and T wave inversion) and one minor criteria (sustained LBBB type-VT with inferior axis)making the diagnosis of ARVC definite according to the revised Task Forced Criteria.
 Conclusion: ARVC may have a very late presentation and this diagnosis should be considered as a potential cause of sustained VT of RV origin among the elderly. ECG and echocardiography as non invasive modalities have an important role for the diagnosis of patients with suspected ARVC.
 Keywords :Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,ventricular tachycardia, sudden cardiac death, diagnosis.

Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Non-invasive Coronary Imaging.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last decade coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has gained wide acceptance as a reliable, cost-effective and non-invasive modality for diagnosis and prognostication of CAD. Use of CCTA is now expanding to characterization of plaque morphology and identification of vulnerable plaque. Additionally, CCTA is developing as a non-invasive modality to monitor plaque progression, which holds future potential in individualizing treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of CCTA in diagnosis and management of CAD. Additionally, we discuss the recent advancements and the potential clinical applications of CCTA in management of CAD.

Capture of mesothelioma cells with 'universal' CTC-chip.

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, predominantly associated with job-related exposure to asbestos. Development of effective and non-invasive modalities for diagnosis is an important issue in occupational medicine. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are tumor cells that are shed from primary tumors and circulate in the peripheral blood, may be detected at an earlier stage than malignant tumors, and detection of CTCs may provide a novel insight into the diagnosis of MM. In a previous study evaluating clinical utility of CTCs, detected with a widely used system 'CellSearch', the authors indicated a significant however insufficient capability in the diagnosis of MM, suggesting need for a more sensitive system. Accordingly, the authors developed a novel microfluidic system to capture CTCs (CTC-chip), and demonstrated that the CTC-chip effectively captured MM cells (ACC-MESO-4) spiked in the blood by conjugating an anti-podoplanin antibody. The results of the present study demonstrated that the CTC-chip coated with the anti-podoplanin antibody captured another MM cell (ACC-MESO-1). However, the capture efficiencies were lower than those for ACC-MESO-4. In addition, an anti-mesothelin antibody was used to capture CTCs, however the CTC-chip coated with the anti-mesothelin antibody failed to effectively capture MM cells, possibly due to low mesothelin expression. Overall, the CTC-chip may capture specific types of CTCs by conjugating any antibody against an antigen expressed on CTCs, and may be a useful system for the diagnosis of malignant tumors, including MM.

Fabrication of Realistic and Dynamic Human Head Phantoms.

Optical tomography will be a new modality of non-invasive diagnosis in medicine and biology, and is expected to image the distribution of optical properties in human bodies by measuring transmitted light at skin surfaces. In the process of developing optical tomographic imaging systems for diagnosis of disease and study of brain functions of human heads, we need realistic optical phantoms which anatomically and optically simulate human heads with complicated and multi-layered structures. In this study, we have fabricated optical phantoms based on MRI images of a human head. The phantoms had a multi-layered structure with different optical properties at five layers; i.e., skin, skull, cerebrospinal fluid layer, gray matter and white matter. Also the phantoms which were mainly made of solid resin had dynamic parts to simulate the temporal variation of physiological functions in brain. The optical properties of the liquid circulating through the dynamic part can be changed to simulate the change in oxygenation states. The material of the skin layer was a soft rubber in order to achieve a good contact with optical fibers. The fabricated optical head phantom was checked by X-ray CT to see whether air bubbles were trapped or not, and to measure the size and cavity in the phantom.