EU Mobility Research Articles

Overlooking digital collusion risks in the EU's agenda for a single European data space(s)

ABSTRACT The EU aims to drive the data and platform economy by establishing a single European Data Space(s) vision, envisioning it as a catalyst for innovation, novel services, enhanced competition and consumer welfare. It involves implementing existing and forthcoming horizontal and sectorial data-sharing laws to overcome technical, legal, and ethical barriers to (personal and non-personal) data access and achieve specific data-driven policy targets. The initial spaces will cover nine economic sectors, few established and others in development. The study assesses the possible oversight of competition law collusion concerns in these initiatives, using the example of the EU Mobility Data Space (EMDS). By employing competition law qualitative doctrinal methods, it emphasizes the risks of digital collusion within these EU-wide open data frameworks, and it indicates that they could severely harm one or several parameters of competition. It concludes by offering policy recommendations to prevent or minimize collusion risks for the EMDS and suggests further research in other sectors.

The impact of intersecting crises on recent intra‐EU mobilities: The case of Spaniards in the UK and Germany

AbstractThis article contributes to two interconnected fields of study: recent literature on intra‐EU migration, specifically South–North flows; and scholarship into the impact of intersecting crises on (im)mobilities. Interest in intra‐EU mobilities has increased with the expansion of the EU and especially since the 2008 Great Recession, with a focus mostly on young people and East–West flows. However, based on a mixed‐methods research approach, this article looks at the recent migration of individuals and families from Spain to the UK and Germany, two of the main destinations in Europe. It explores the impacts on (im)mobility strategies of three intersecting “crises”: starting with emigration since 2008, including the erosion of EU mobile citizens' rights culminating in “Brexit,” and ending with the effects of COVID‐19. Our analysis situates these migrant experiences in the interplay between core‐periphery theories and the concept of liquid migration, highlighting how crises accentuate vulnerabilities but can also generate opportunities.

An Evaluation of the Spatial Repercussions of Student Mobility Policy in European Higher Education Area Using Network Analysis

The mobility of international students is a crucial tool for the European Union's goal of creating a unified European Higher Education Area. Despite the initial assumption that all European universities and students can benefit equally from cross-university study experiences, certain European regions have become disproportionately favored over time. This has resulted in specific geographical patterns, challenging the principles of equality and openness in the EU's higher education policy. To better understand these spatial effects and enhance the EU's mobility policy effectiveness, this research analyzes the network properties of Erasmus+, comparing it with traditional degree-seeking activities. Utilizing a modularity measure with data from the EU and UNESCO, the study reveals significant sub-regional variations in the Erasmus+ geographical network, posing challenges for policy implementation and limiting mobility alternatives.

Rare earth element systematics of chimney anhydrite from seafloor hydrothermal vents

Comparative studies of sulphide chemistry have been conducted over the past few decades to characterise seafloor hydrothermal mineralisation, but few studies have been carried out on sulphate minerals. Here we report on a systematic study of the S isotopic composition and rare earth element (REE) chemistry of chimney anhydrite from various types of seafloor hydrothermal vent fields in the Central Indian Ridge, North Fiji Basin, and Tonga intra-oceanic arc. Our results show that sulphate δ34S values of anhydrite cluster around that of seawater sulphate, indicating a significant role for fluid–seawater mixing during anhydrite precipitation. However, some anhydrite has δ34S values lower than that of seawater. This likely reflects sulphate derived from magmatic SO2 disproportionation. Chondrite-normalised REE patterns of the anhydrite are not uniform on the scale of individual grains and/or between each type of hydrothermal vent field. The REE compositions of the anhydrite do not have a clear relationship with the REE compositions of the primary host rocks with which the hydrothermal fluids interacted. This indicates that the REEs are not sensitive indicators of the host rock compositions, even though the host rocks are the dominant source of REEs in the seafloor hydrothermal fluids. In contrast, anhydrite REE concentrations and Eu anomalies are correlated with δ34S values and the redox state of the hydrothermal fluids, respectively. We suggest that relatively REE-enriched anhydrite is formed by efficient leaching of REEs from host rocks by acidic magmatic fluids (i.e., a low pH), whereas a low redox potential of the hydrothermal fluids is the most important factor controlling Eu mobility. The original concentrations of REEs supplied to the hydrothermal fluids can also be modified by fluid boiling and fluid–seawater mixing. The former produces light REE-depleted anhydrite because the availability of chloride ligands decreases in low-density vapor-dominated boiled fluids. In situ geochemical analysis of anhydrite on the intra-grain scale shows that high degrees of fluid–seawater mixing contribute to the relatively low REE concentrations and positive Eu anomalies. As such, our results indicate that the REE systematics of anhydrite are mainly controlled by the combined effects of fluid conditions (i.e., redox state, pH, and Cl concentrations) and sub-seafloor geochemical processes (i.e., magmatic input, fluid boiling, and seawater mixing) rather than the nature of the source materials. In situ analysis of anhydrite grains is a useful tool for constraining variable hydrothermal mineralisation conditions during chimney growth, which cannot be solely inferred from geochemical studies of sulphide minerals, particularly in inactive and relict systems where the hydrothermal fluids cannot be sampled.

Development and Promotion of an mHealth App for Adolescents Based on the European Code Against Cancer: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Mobile health technologies, underpinned by scientific evidence and ethical standards, exhibit considerable promise and potential in actively engaging consumers and patients while also assisting health care providers in delivering cancer prevention and care services. The WASABY mobile app was conceived as an innovative, evidence-based mobile health tool aimed at disseminating age-appropriate messages from the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) to adolescents across Europe. This study aims to assess the outcomes of the design, development, and promotion of the WASABY app through a 3-pronged evaluation framework that encompasses data on social media promotion, app store traffic, and user engagement. The WASABY app's content, cocreated with cancer-focused civil society organizations across 6 European countries, drew upon scientific evidence from the ECAC. The app's 10 modules were designed using the health belief model and a gamification conceptual framework characterized by spaced repetition learning techniques, refined through 2 rounds of testing. To evaluate the effectiveness of the app, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the WASABY app's user database registered from February 4 to June 30, 2021, using a 3-pronged assessment framework: social media promotion,app store traffic, and user engagement. Descriptive statistics and association analyses explored the relationship between sociodemographic variables and user performance analytics. After extensive promotion on various social media platforms and subsequent traffic to the Apple App and Google Play stores, a sample of 748 users aged between 14 and 19 years was included in the study cohort. The selected sample exhibited a mean age of 16.08 (SD 1.28) years and was characterized by a predominant representation of female users (499/748, 66.7%). Most app users identified themselves as nonsmokers (689/748, 92.1%), reported either no or infrequent alcohol consumption (432/748, 57.8% and 250/748, 33.4%, respectively), and indicated being physically active for 1 to 5 hours per week (505/748, 67.5%). In aggregate, the app's content garnered substantial interest, as evidenced by 40.8% (305/748) of users visiting each of the 10 individual modules. Notably, sex and smoking habits emerged as predictors of app completion rates; specifically, male and smoking users demonstrated a decreased likelihood of successfully completing the app's content (odds ratio 0.878, 95% CI 0.809-0.954 and odds ratio 0.835, 95% CI 0.735-0.949, respectively). The development and promotion of the WASABY app presents a valuable case study, illustrating the effective dissemination of evidence-based recommendations on cancer prevention within the ECAC through an innovative mobile app aimed at European adolescents. The data derived from this study provide insightful findings for the implementation of Europe's Beating Cancer Plan, particularly the creation of the EU Mobile App for Cancer Prevention.

Insight into Impact of Phosphate on the Cotransport and Corelease of Eu(III) with Bentonite Colloids in Saturated Quartz Columns

Understanding the fate and transport of radionuclides in porous media reduces the risk of contaminating soils and groundwater systems. While the cotransport of bentonite colloids (BC) with radionuclides in saturated media is well documented, the role of phosphate (P) in the colloid-driven transport of radionuclides in saturated porous media is still unaddressed; in particular, phosphate increases the mobilities of radionuclides in porous media, which should be subjected to an environmental risk assessment and model construction. In this work, the effects of phosphate on the transport and release of Eu(III) in different colloid systems (P-Eu(III), P-BC, P-BC-Eu(III)) was investigated with a fundamental colloid chemistry approach and a range of characterization techniques. The results showed that intrinsic europium colloids with size of 685 nm were formed by precipitation with phosphate, which affected the mobility of Eu(III) due to colloid stability and physical straining. Phosphate enhanced BC and BC-Eu(III) transport, and a high phosphate concentration promoted BC transport by eliminating physical straining and enhancing the electrostatic repulsions. The crystal structure of EuPO4 was not destroyed by the subsequent introduction of BC, which carried EuPO4 for further migration. However, when phosphate, bentonite and Eu(III) coexisted in a colloid suspension, the phosphate promoted Eu(III) transport by preferentially interacting with the BC to form ternary BC-P-Eu(III) pseudo-colloids rather than forming the intrinsic EuPO4 colloids. The synergetic role of P and BC on Eu(III) transport involved a relatively complex process and was not a simply additive effect. The findings in this work highlight the significance of phosphate in controlling the fate and transport of Ln(III)/Am(III) radionuclides in the presence of intrinsic colloids and pseudo-colloids in P-rich colloid-bearing environments.

Labour market hierarchies within and beyond the EU: Poland’s politics of migration

ABSTRACT This article shows how the hierarchised nature of the EU mobility regime is underpinned by member states’ policies in a major country of emigration such as Poland. Drawing on historical institutionalism, this paper documents the path-dependent approach regarding policies that have contributed to the outflow of Polish workers and simultaneously to meet the demand for labour at home. While concerns about the consequences of emigration were raised already in 2005, Polish governments have kept defending the EU policies that underpin this outflow and its hierarchised nature. Rather than to improve the rights of Polish mobile workers, Polish governments have defended companies’ rights to use ‘wage competitiveness’ as a method of increasing mobility. In response to the increasing demand in the domestic labour market, governments first tried return campaigns, but they have since turned to importing labour, especially from Ukraine. In this way, the policies of the Polish state have helped reaffirm the hierarchised nature of the EU mobility regime by exporting workers to be subjected to poor conditions abroad while importing Ukrainian workers to experience poor conditions at home. Thus, Poland occupies an unusual place in the ‘migration chain’, being, simultaneously, a source of as well as a destination for migrant workers.

The EU Mobility Package for Transport

The Transport Mobility Package adopted by the EU in 2020, entered into force in 2021, which brought a series of changes to EC Regulation 561/2006 and EU Regulation 165/2014, led to a series of dissatisfactions on the part of Romanian carriers. As a result of the legislative changes, their activity is affected, at the same time considering the measures as discriminatory both for them and for the other partners from the peripheral regions of Europe.

Revisiting the EU’s new mobility regime: the impact of mobility and policies on labour market hierarchies within and across the EU

ABSTRACT This paper serves as the introduction for a special issue investigating the current status of the new EU mobility regime close to 20 years after the first eastward enlargement. Our main claim is that EU labour mobility is shaped by and has created multiple hierarchies across the EU and within EU countries, as is evident in the unequal labour market outcomes of different groups of mobile EU workers. The EU migration regime has grown more complex and diversified over the years, but underneath this complexity remain strong hierarchies that structure the patterns and consequences of mobility. We therefore propose the concept of ‘hierarchized mobility’ to grasp the complex yet unequal mobility opportunities of workers within the EU. Moreover, we argue that to understand this hierarchised mobility, both socio-economic factors and regulation should be studied. On the one hand, enduring hierarchies between national labour markets shape EU labour mobility and transform these hierarchies into hierarchies within national labour markets. On the other hand, both national and EU policies regulate and shape mobility and the hierarchies it creates. The interaction between EU rules that shape different categories of mobile workers and national social and labour market regulation can counteract or reinforce the trend towards hierarchised mobility.

Legal and policy relevance of EU mobility partnerships in Morocco and Cape Verde: the role of epistemic communities

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to better understand the role played by epistemic communities in the legal and policy relevance of Mobility Partnerships for third countries. I argue that the influence of epistemic communities on the legal and policy developments of a third country varies according to the context in which they operate. Epistemic communities benefitting from a certain authority over third countries or a certain form of ‘prestige’ will be more likely to be influential. However, third country’s agency should not be neglected as we can see that the most effective epistemic communities operate where the third country is willing to listen and respond to a specific need for support. The paper shows that we can only comprehend the role of epistemic communities in the relevance of Mobility Partnerships, if we take seriously the interests of third countries and understand the context in which Mobility Partnerships are being negotiated and implemented.

Impact of roaming regulation on revenues and prices of mobile operators in the EU

We use a difference-in-differences approach to assess the impact of the EU roaming regulation on mobile operators’ average revenues per user (ARPU) and the retail prices of mobile services. Our results suggest that due to the regulation the ARPU of EU mobile operators decreased since 2007 on average by 9.1%. When considering purchasing power parities, the decline of ARPU is estimated on average at 5.8%, but in this case we cannot reject that there was no decrease at all. We also find that the impact of the regulation on ARPU depends on traffic imbalances, which may be related to tourism flows, and has a stronger negative impact on operators from countries with a surplus in tourism traffic. There is however no difference in the impact of the regulation on cross-country and national operators. Moreover, our results suggest that the Roam Like at Home (RLAH) regulation implemented in June 2017 had no impact on the tariffs of national mobile plans.

Running low on state-capacity: strengthening EU mobile workers’ rights by outsourcing enforcement? The role of advisory services in Germany

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the precarious working and living conditions of mobile workers made headlines across Europe. The challenges of securing better working conditions are inherent in the integration of the European single market, which removed market barriers while leaving the enforcement of labour rights to national institutions. At the same time, representing workers’ interests in a cross-border context poses difficulties regarding organisation and access. This paper focuses on the role of civil society actors in the cross-border enforcement process by examining the role of advisory services in Germany. To what extent can these new structures fill existing gaps in the enforcement of labour rights and the representation of the interests of mobile workers? Where do they reach their limits? Empirically, this paper draws on documents, reports and semi-structured expert interviews. The data was analysed using qualitative text analysis. Drawing on the literature on interest representation and the enforcement of EU law, I examine the position of these services in the enforcement process along the lines of the fire-alarm vs. police-patrol dichotomy. I argue that these advisory services function as a “sponsored” fire-alarm, compensating for some of the institutional shortcomings but falling short of structural improvements beyond individualised support.

Revisiting competitiveness of hydrogen and algae biodiesel

• Microalgae as the potential fuel substitute has been analysed. • Techno-economic analysis was performed to understand the cost competitive algae biodiesel production. • Hydrogen as the secondary fuel with the microalgae blended biodiesel can be the potential option than second generation fuel. • The production of biohydrogen by microalgae through photo-fermentation will be the scope of interest to meet future energy demands. There is a shared belief across latest literature that hydrogen and algae biodiesel are promising substitutes for fossil fuels. However, hydrogen infrastructure for everyday mobility is still in its early stage from a global perspective and there is no algae biodiesel refinery in operation. Despite all this, recent geopolitical developments have caused a tipping point to be reached in the EU and hydrogen mobility has become cheaper (7 €/100 km) than conventional fossil fuels (15.6 €/100 km) for the first time. In many other countries the breaking point is also approaching and recent methods in waste refining could make hydrogen production even cheaper (5.4 €/100 km). Switching to algae biodiesel is less technically challenging for the industry. Nevertheless, technological barriers in scaling up commercial-scale algae production make the hypothetical price of algae biodiesel far from price-competitive (292 €/100 km). At the present state of knowledge it is recommended to refine algae for non-energy purposes.

State of care for EU mobile workers' rights in the Dutch meat sector in times of, and beyond, COVID-19

PurposeWith a focus on the position of EU mobile workers in the Dutch meat industry, this article discusses the multi-level State efforts to enhance protection of workers who experienced limited protection of existing State and private enforcement institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic, with virus outbreaks at Dutch meat plants, fuelled public and political will to structurally improve these workers' precarious work and living conditions. Yet, the process of policy change is slow. The authors show it is the gradual transformation in the institutional environment that the State needs to counter to become more protective for EU mobile workers.Design/methodology/approachUsing the gradual institutional change approach and the concept of State ignorance, the authors examine State responses drawing on interviews with expert stakeholders in the public and private domain, public administration records and newspaper articles.FindingsThrough knowledge creation, boosted social dialogue mechanisms, enhanced enforcement capacity and new housing legislation, the Dutch State focuses on countering gradual institutional change through which existing institutions lost their effectiveness as protectors of EU mobile workers. The organization of work is, nevertheless, not (yet) fundamentally addressed with tighter public legislation.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the role of the State as multifaceted actor in institutional change processes towards increased protection for EU mobile workers.

Essential EU mobile workers in the Dutch food supply chain: occupational safety and health policies during and after the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract The pandemic has revealed the dependence of many labour markets on EU mobile ((im)migrant) workers, particularly in sectors designated as essential for national economies. Despite many EU workers falling under the label of ‘essential workers’, they are nonetheless vulnerable to unhealthy and unfair working and living conditions linked to the type of work they perform (manual), the conditions of their employment (highly flexible) and their lack of social networks that makes them dependent on their employers for housing and health. Taking EU mobile workers in the meat and distribution sectors, two specific Food Supply Chain sectors in the Netherlands, as a case study, this contribution discusses how in the Netherlands protection during the Covid-19 pandemic was organized for this group of workers in relation to protective measures at the work place, quarantining, pay during periods of quarantine and protection against job loss, and access to public health services (testing, vaccines), topics that generated a great deal of insecurity among EU mobile workers. The analysis is based on data provided by a survey among 153 EU mobile workers (May-July 2021), 35 interviews with Polish and Romanian workers, and 50 interviews with national stakeholders. The aim is to problematize the disjuncture revealed by the pandemic between an EU legal regime that prioritizes mobility and national arrangements around welfare and social protection that leave many mobile workers vulnerable. We argue that EU free movement of workers needs to be flanked by measures to ensure that the people who move do so under decent and fair conditions.

Barriers to EU mobility: Facilitating mobility of workers in the EU

Free movement of workers within the European Union is the second fundamental principle of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and one of the four freedoms enjoyed by the European citizens. Its main objective is to enhance the living standard of each individual but also of European society in general. However, even though the free movement of European workers provides citizens with plenty of opportunities, mobility rates are particularly low. By all the EU citizens of working age in 2020, only 3.3% resided in an EU country apart from that of their own citizenship in accordance with Eurostat. Under those circumstances, a few policy ideas are provided in order to boost the mobility of EU workers:
 
 Access to extended and more valid information
 More effective response by the Commission when it comes to the breach of the Directive
 More effective management of petitions
 Reinforcement of SOLVIT
 Adaptation of national legislation to the Directive
 Removal of unnecessary hurdles
 New framework of cooperation between member states
 
 The scope of this policy paper is to delve deeper into the factors that hinder the movement of European citizens and to provide some policy ideas which could facilitate this procedure.

Borders and bureaucracies of EU mobile citizenship: Polish migrants and the personal identification number in Sweden

This article advances research into the workings and ‘workarounds’ of internal border technologies in migrants' lives. Through a focus on the specific example of tensions between EU mobile citizenship and the Swedish personal identification number, or personnummer, we enhance understandings of the bureaucratisation of state power and the enduring importance of discretion in computerised bureaucratic encounters. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Polish migrants living in Sweden, we analyse the centrality of this personnummer to our participants' working lives and general access to daily amenities and services. We reveal how and why it is so difficult to get this registration, even as EU citizens; explore how this relates to exploitative work practices; consider what happens, or cannot happen, when people are unable to obtain their personnummer and are effectively rendered undocumented; and focus on how these bureaucratic exclusions can nevertheless be managed and mediated. Ultimately we find that while this one example presents significant insights into the specificities of Swedish bordering practices – which go well beyond prevailing interests in welfare bordering – it also offers new insights into how contemporary digitised personal identification bureaucracies work in practice, and how fragile mobile EU citizenship has become.

Perceptions and behavior-related intentions of consumers in smartphone-based mobile commerce

Research background: This article presents an empirical study carried out to evaluate and analyze perceptions and behavior-related intentions of consumers in smartphone-based mobile commerce globally. Purpose of the article: Building our argument by drawing on data collected from Nielsen and Statista, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding positive and negative aspects of smartphone shopping according to EU mobile shoppers, mobile shopping activities among smartphone and tablet owners, mobile visits to leading retail websites in the U.S., and most popular payment methods for everyday transactions according to Internet users worldwide. Methods: Data collected from 4,400 respondents are tested against the research model by using structural equation modeling. Findings & Value added: The sudden advancement of mobile technology has driven numerous retailers to strive and capitalize on smartphones as a supplementary tool in the operation of sales. Smartphone applications as an innovative channel can be carried out in retail marketing mix for the purpose of constituting constructive customer relationships. Consumer use of mobile shopping applications constitutes a thought-provoking difficult task for retailers and application developers. Habit and omnipresence unswervingly shape customers’ purposes and concrete mobile shopping usage behaviors. The browsing extent and rate of recurrence of non-shopping applications clarifies the quantity of shopping software mobile users hold on their smartphones. Product reviews are paramount to users and a manner of gaining information unspecified by the retailer.

EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND THE NEW POLICY GOALS IN TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY - HOW GAMIFICATION CAN INFLUENCE PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR FOR CUTTING CARBON EMISSIONS IN THE EU

Road traffic is one of the major sources of many of the worst pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, carcinogenic particles and noise. The past decades have seen a dramatic rise in these harmful effects on human health, that proved to cause at the same time massive damage to the natural and built environment. In response to this aggravating situation, the new European Commission’s President Ursula von der Leyen placed as the centrepiece of her political mandate ‘the European Green Deal’, a comprehensive climate and nature package of measures to make Europe climate neutral by 2050. To reach this very ambitious goal, there is a need for very creative and efficient policy solutions. And this is the scope of the current study. As the sustainability concerns become vital for policy planning, the paper advocates for the need of all EU’s main stakeholders to realise the potential of ‘green gamification’ to help EU member states reach these ambitious policy goals, particularly in the field of transport and mobility - which are of crucial importance for overall CO2 reduction. Placed at the intersection of technology innovation and the need to find more efficient ways to protect the environment, ‘green gamification’ is an emerging concept that refers to the usage of game mechanics when it comes to engaging people, with the purpose to change their behaviour on sustainability issues. In short, it aims to motivate a sustainable behaviour within companies, institutions and citizens, with the use of interactive games, in order to fight against pollution and climate change. Applied to the field of transport and mobility, green gamification implies using strategies to cut carbon emissions especially by convincing people to reduce the use of private cars. But how can we better incentivise citizens’ behaviour for cutting carbon emissions and achieve the new EU transport and mobility policy goals for 2050? To tackle this relevant question the article aims to assess the potential of ‘green gamification’ to help EU member states reach these ambitious policy goals.

АСПЕКТИ СТВОРЕННЯ БЕЗПЕЧНИХ І НАДІЙНИХ ЗОН ПАРКУВАННЯ ВАНТАЖНИХ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ У ЄВРОПІ, ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА БЕЗПЕКУ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ ТА ДОТРИМАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ УМОВ

The current situation is considered on the development of safe and secure parking areas for trucks in Europe. The reports of the International Road Transport Union were analyzed on the European Union-funded project on Safe and secure truck parking areas for trucks in Europe and a final report on the study of safe and secure places for truck parking in the EU. The analysis of European regulations is carried out on road infrastructure safety management, specification of truck parking zones, rules of working time and rest of the driver, as well as Ukrainian legislation on these issues. With a view to provide a consistent definition of secure truck parking areas and a quality framework, an EU-wide rating system and security and service at SSTPAs has been defined during the study that included participation by all key stakeholders within the road transport and logistics sector. This rating system should now be implemented as a standard by a newly created EU expert group. The quality of the entire system and of the individual secure truck parking areas shall be guaranteed by ensuring that independent third party audits will occur for all secure truck parking areas within the system. In the future this quality system could also link to ITS solutions for the road transport sector. The implementing the study results in both existing truck parking areas and in new truck parking areas and thereby increasing the number of available secure parking areas throughout Europe, there is a strong probability that cargo crime and incident rates will be reduced significantly and that the security and well-being of truck drivers will be improved, thereby benefitting road safety as well. Recommendations for possible measures to improve the legislation of Ukraine are provided in terms of establishing the SSTPA in view of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement provisions. Keywords: road safety, freight road transport, Safe and secure truck parking areas (SSTPA), EU Mobility package, driving and rest time rules of driver, Ukraine – EU Association Agreement.