Mobile Browser Research Articles

Evaluation of Information Quality Using ISO/IEC 25010:2011 (Case Research: Menu Harianku Application)

This research aims to determine the product quality of the Menu Harianku application and recommendimproving the quality of the application based on the ISO/IEC 25010:2011 model with 6characteristics in product quality dimensions namely Functional Suitability, Performance Efficiency,Usability, Reliability, Security, and Portability. ISO/IEC 25010:2011 standard was chosen because ofits very suitable characteristics for measuring software quality. Starts with identifying the problem,Design quality, Testing performance quality, and making application improvement recommendations.According to technical characteristics of Functional Suitability, of 97 test cases, there were 11 failed.Performance efficiency of Mobile and Desktop devices scores 86% of the improvement criteria.Reliability Hosting is only accessible in Asian (Japan) and European locations (all) for no more than20 VUs. Security with Medium-level vulnerabilities. The portability of the application runs well on 6Desktop & Mobile browsers. According to users the characteristics of Functional Suitability with apercentage of 84.1%, Performance efficiency at 84%, and Usability at 83.5%. As for the applicationrecommendations related to the results of application quality testing that can be used in improving thequality of the Menu Harianku application.

IoT Smart Gardening on Herbal Plant and Analytic Virtualization Platform System

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology developing recently. The technology of IoT allows users to communicate with controllers and sensors, which are widely used in the agricultural sector, such as farming and weather forecasts. Recently, it has been identified that traditional herbal home gardens are difficult to monitor where herbal plants are sensitive and need a proper monitor. This research has developed an IoT smart gardening for herbal plant systems that helps to analyze four herbal plant types: Aloe Barbadensis miller, Salvia Rosmarimus, Clinacanthus nutans, and Curcuma. The system was designed using a NodeMCU ESP32 controller, soil moisture sensor, and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. The collected data was monitored in real-time on the Blynk platform via mobile phones and web browsers on sunny and rainy days. The result shows that the highest temperature on a sunny day was captured at 30°C, and the lowest was 26°C. However, during a rainy day, the highest temperature captured is 28°C and the lowest was 24°C. The highest humidity percentage on a sunny day was 80%, and the lowest was 40%, while the highest humidity on a rainy day was 98%, and the lowest was 68%. The soil moisture data that captured the water content of the soil of each herbal plant on a sunny day has been lost due to high temperatures. However, each herbal plant barely lost its water content due to low temperature and high humidity percentage conditions. The comparison showed that temperature, humidity, and weather could affect the water content in the soil. This research has significantly improved the agriculture sector in monitoring herbal plants and moving from traditional planting with an IoT system concept.

How do smartphone users access the internet? An exploratory analysis of mobile web browser use

In this article, we use a top tasks survey ( n = 466) and unmoderated interviews ( n = 101) to explore how smartphone users access the internet: through browsers or standalone applications. We found a surprising number of users surveyed rely on mobile browsers to conduct internet-based tasks ordinarily associated with standalone apps, such as reading emails (34%), watching videos (24%), and listening to music (16%). Interviews revealed several practical and socioeconomic explanations for “browser-centric” smartphone use, including memory conservation on inexpensive mobile handsets and privacy management. We discuss the implications for information systems and technology adoption theories and for applied researchers who work in mobile product spaces.

Recent advances of ECG monitoring and webserver health monitoring applications: A review

In response to recent improvements in mobile technology and cloud computing-based real-time monitoring systems, numerous cloud-based healthcare services and devices have been developed. In the cloud system, it is feasible to collect and distribute medical data immediately from anywhere to medical specialists, and patients can receive network-based feedback. This paper reviews the most recent developments and trends in wearable technology and biomedical equipment (mostly ECG), as well as the development of a cloud-based solution for mobile device and web browser users. The system contains ECG enhancement, ECG quality grading, and ECG parameter extraction methods. A use case was utilized to showcase the system, in which a web server processed ECG data from a mobile phone in real-time. The system has been proved to be functional, accurate, and efficient. We review the primary principles underlying the operation of the ECG and its fundamental operation, as well as the recording and transmission paradigm for ECG signals. Detailed processes were also provided for the system components, their configuration, and the employed technologies. In conclusion, we examine the complete study and the project's future scope.

Analysis of Web Browsing Data: A Guide

The use of individual-level browsing data, that is, the records of a person’s visits to online content through a desktop or mobile browser, is of increasing importance for social scientists. Browsing data have characteristics that raise many questions for statistical analysis, yet to date, little hands-on guidance on how to handle them exists. Reviewing extant research, and exploring data sets collected by our four research teams spanning seven countries and several years, with over 14,000 participants and 360 million web visits, we derive recommendations along four steps: preprocessing the raw data; filtering out observations; classifying web visits; and modelling browsing behavior. The recommendations we formulate aim to foster best practices in the field, which so far has paid little attention to justifying the many decisions researchers need to take when analyzing web browsing data.

On the Complexity of the Web’s PKI: Evaluating Certificate Validation of Mobile Browsers

Digital certificates are frequently used to secure communications between users and web servers. Critical to the Web's PKI is the secure validation of digital certificates. Nonetheless, certificate validation itself is complex and error-prone. Moreover, it is also undermined by particular constraints of mobile browsers. However, these issues have long been overlooked. In this paper, we undertook the first systematic and large-scale study of the certificate validation mechanism within popular mobile browsers to highlight the necessity of reassessing it among all released browsers. To this end, we first compile a comprehensive test suite to identify security flaws in certificate validation from various aspects. By designing and implementing a generic, automated testing pipeline, we effectively evaluate 30 popular browsers on two mobile OS versions and compare them with five representative desktop browsers. We found the latest mobile browsers Accept as many as 33.2% invalid certificates and Reject merely 5.4% invalid ones on average, leaving the majority of them to be decided by users who usually have little expertise. Our findings shed light on the severity and inconsistency of certificate validation flaws across mobile browsers, which are likely to expose users to MITM attacks, spoofing attacks, and so forth.

Augmented Reality on Mobile Browsers with WebGL

This research investigates the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) applications on mobile devices solely using web browsers, focusing on 3D augmentation via WebGL. It addresses the feasibility of AR in browsers, explores the integration of device sensors, and assesses the performance of WebGL on various mobile platforms. Despite technical challenges, such as camera integration limitations, the study demonstrates the successful implementation of other AR prerequisites on mobile devices. Results reveal significant performance variations between iOS and Android devices, with rendering capabilities generally meeting the task requirements, albeit with some limitations. Battery consumption during WebGL usage is relatively high compared to standard web browsing. Although AR standards in web browsers are not yet mature, and implementations remain unstable, this research suggests that WebGL, in its current state, can augment 3D objects within a user’s mobile view. While widespread adoption may not be immediate, ongoing advancements in both mobile hardware and web standards may pave the way for ubiquitous AR applications in mobile web browsers in the near future.

Adaptive Web Browsing on Mobile Heterogeneous Multi-cores

Web browsing is an important application domain, but it imposes a significant power burden on mobile devices. While the heterogeneous multi-core design offers the potential for energy-efficient computing, existing web browsers fail to exploit the hardware to optimize mobile web browsing. Our work aims to offer a better way to optimize web browsing on heterogeneous mobile devices. We achieve this by developing a machine learning based approach to predict the optimal processor setting for rendering the web content. The prediction is based on the web content, the network status and the optimization goal. We evaluate our approach by applying it to the Chromium browser and testing it on a representative big.LITTLE mobile platform. We apply our approach to the top 1,000 hottest websites across seven typical networking environments. Our approach achieves over 80% of the performance delivered by a perfect predictor. Our approach achieves over 30%, 50%, and 60% improvement respectively for load time, energy consumption and the energy delay product when compared to two state-of-the arts approaches.

Development of a Low-Cost Automated Hydrological Information System for Remote Areas in Morelia, Mexico

Measurement of meteorological variables is essential to assess and analyze extreme events, such as droughts and floods, and even more so when the purpose is to generate early warnings of such natural phenomena. Nowadays, several mechanisms can estimate climatic variables like precipitation and temperature. However, no device measures precipitation values in real-time and at a low-cost, much less are these installed in remote areas of difficult access. Therefore, an Automated Hydrological Information System was developed based on low-cost meteorological stations with two communication protocols, Wi-Fi and GSM. The devices are equipped with a self-sustainable power supply, including a solar panel and energy storage that can last for up to three cloudy days. The precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity values are sent to a database, where they are then processed and displayed on a web page, accessible for download. Users can easily access the data from an official application that redirects them to the website without the need for a computer or a mobile browser. Warning systems are feasible due to the use of IoT services such as ThingSpeak and Ubidots. Ultimately, they allow the analysis of information and immediately send alerts if it exceeds the tolerance ranges.

The Impact of QoE Factors on the Perception of Constructs Comprising Information Quality, Usability, and Aesthetics in Mobile Web Browsing

Quality of Experience (QoE) for mobile Web browsing is a complex and multidimensional concept. So far, the research community has addressed the influence of QoE perceptual dimensions on QoE and the impact of various influence factors on QoE perceptual dimensions for mobile Web browsing. In this study, we recognize the gap and need to analyze and gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between multiple influence factors and specific constructs of QoE perceptual dimensions. Utilizing a previously collected dataset, our goal is to fill the research gap in terms of investigating the impact of specific influence factors (loading time, aesthetics, number of taps, information quality) on various constructs comprising the user perception of usability, aesthetics, and information quality in the context of mobile Web browsing. A total of 14 research questions are raised: 7 addressing constructs comprising perceived usability (simplicity, effectiveness, quickness, efficiency, comfort, ease of use, organization), 3 addressing constructs comprising perceived aesthetics (perception of mobile Web site aesthetics, pleasance, clarity, systematicness), and 4 addressing constructs comprising perceived information quality (timeliness, clarity, conciseness, structuralism/completeness/spelling-correctness). Results of posed research questions provide indications on the strength and direction of the impact of considered QoE influence factors on the perception of studied constructs. This study contributes to the research community by being the first to address the impact of chosen QoE influence factors on individual constructs comprising QoE perceptual dimensions in the domain of mobile Web browsing, thus extending the knowledge on interplays and relations in this area. Furthermore, it contributes by revealing numerous new paradigms in the context of usability, aesthetics, and quality of information, such as: (i) beautiful and easy to reach is more simple, effective, efficient, and comfortable, (ii) easy to reach is more pleasant and clear, (iii) informative is more pleasant and clear, (iv) beautifully presented information has higher perceived quality, etc. Reported findings can be utilized by various stakeholders (mobile Web site designers, content providers, device designers, network providers) for indirect management of QoE.

Churning off the news: An analysis of newspaper subscriber churn across digital devices

Subscriber churn is of utmost importance for newspapers, which have for decades been struggling to maintain the robust readership they used to enjoy. This is especially true in a digital media landscape that operates within an attention economy. This study examined the difference in subscriber churn across 29 newspaper properties in large U.S. chain. Using subscriber data gathered from all 29 newspapers, this study analyzed whether the device and digital platform on which one consumes news impacts the churn probability of subscribers. The authors found that there were clusters of device usage and that different combinations of device usage impacted churn probability for subscribers, particularly on mobile. Churn was highest for those using mobile browser, presumably because of poor reading experience, which is a call to action for news organizations who have not prioritized the mobile news experience.

Not Your Average App: A Large-scale Privacy Analysis of Android Browsers

The transparency and privacy behavior of mobile browsers has remained widely unexplored by the research community. In fact, as opposed to regular Android apps, mobile browsers may present contradicting privacy behaviors. On the one end, they can have access to (and can expose) a unique combination of sensitive user data, from users’ browsing history to permission-protected personally identifiable information (PII) such as unique identifiers and geolocation. However, on the other end, they also are in a unique position to protect users’ privacy by limiting data sharing with other parties by implementing ad-blocking features. In this paper, we perform a comparative and empirical analysis on how hundreds of Android web browsers protect or expose user data during browsing sessions. To this end, we collect the largest dataset of Android browsers to date, from the Google Play Store and four Chinese app stores. Then, we developed a novel analysis pipeline that combines static and dynamic analysis methods to find a wide range of privacy-enhancing (e.g., ad-blocking) and privacy-harming behaviors (e.g., sending browsing histories to third parties, not validating TLS certificates, and exposing PII---including non-resettable identifiers---to third parties) across browsers. We find that various popular apps on both Google Play and Chinese stores have these privacy-harming behaviors, including apps that claim to be privacy-enhancing in their descriptions. Overall, our study not only provides new insights into important yet overlooked considerations for browsers’ adoption and transparency, but also that automatic app analysis systems (e.g., sandboxes) need context-specific analysis to reveal such privacy behaviors.

Response Burden and Dropout in a Probability-Based Online Panel Study – A Comparison between an App and Browser-Based Design

Abstract Survey respondents can complete web surveys using different Internet-enabled devices (PCs versus mobile phones and tablets) and using different software (web browser versus a mobile software application, “app”). Previous research has found that completing questionnaires via a browser on mobile devices can lead to higher breakoff rates and reduced measurement quality compared to using PCs, especially where questionnaires have not been adapted for mobile administration. A key explanation is that using a mobile browser is more burdensome and less enjoyable for respondents. There are reasons to assume apps should perform better than browsers, but so far, there have been few attempts to assess this empirically. In this study, we investigate variation in experienced burden across device and software in wave 1 of a three-wave panel study, comparing an app with a browser-based survey, in which sample members were encouraged to use a mobile device. We also assess device/software effects on participation at wave 2. We find that compared to mobile browser respondents, app respondents were less likely to drop out of the study after the first wave and the effect of the device used was mediated by subjective burden experienced during wave 1.

Directly Including Data with Alzheimer’s Publications Through Augmented Reality and Web Technologies – Schol‐AR

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease research is multi‐disciplinary by nature and based on many forms of data, from MRI scans to microscopic image stacks. Much of this information is difficult to communicate through standard scientific articles and figures, often resulting in incomplete data reporting and suboptimal comprehension for many readers.MethodWe introduce a community‐accessible data layering approach for directly including modern digital information on top of scientific figures, enabling entire datasets to be included with scientific articles. Through this approach readers can easily view data associated with publications through mobile devices or web browsers, averting the need to simplify complex data into 2D static figures.ResultData layering facilitates communication and comprehension of Alzheimer’s research by enabling accessible viewing of complex information directly with scientific articles, posters, and other formats.ConclusionUsing augmented reality and web technologies we can modernize communication of Alzheimer’s research, bridging the gap between the digital basis of modern science and the natural limitations of journal articles.

Fine-Grained Elastic Partitioning for Distributed DNN Towards Mobile Web AR Services in the 5G Era

Web-based Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) enhance the ability of object recognition and has attracted considerable attention in mobile Web AR and other services. However, neither performing the DNN inference on mobile Web browsers locally nor offloading computations to the cloud can strike a balance between accuracy and efficiency; generally, rude methods are often accompanied by unsatisfactory accuracy. Collaborative approaches seem to fill this gap by coordinating the distributed hierarchical computing resources, especially in the 5G era, but it still faces challenges in the current solutions, such as the lack of (1) full use of 5G resources for the one point DNN computation partitioning schemes; (2) fine-grained branching mechanism; (3) efficient partitioning method; and (4) multi-objective optimization. To this end, we present the fine-grained elastic computation partitioning mechanism for distributed DNN in 5G networks. First, we elaborate two collaborative scenarios. Second, we study the DNN branching mechanism at layer granularity. Next, we propose a DNN computation partitioning algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning. Finally, we develop a mobile Web AR application as a proof of concept. The experiments were conducted in an actually deployed 5G trial network, and the results show the superiority of this collaborative approach. The common theme is, under the premise that Quality of Service (QoS) is satisfied, to balance multiple interests by orchestrating computations across heterogeneous computing platforms.

In Anticipation of Sharing Pediatric Inpatient Notes: Focus Group Study With Stakeholders

BackgroundPatient portals are a health information technology that allows patients and their proxies, such as caregivers and family members, to access designated portions of their electronic health record using mobile devices and web browsers. The Open Notes initiative in the United States, which became federal law in April 2021, has redrawn and expanded the boundaries of medical records. Only a few studies have focused on sharing notes with parents or caregivers of pediatric patients.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anticipated impact of increasing the flow of electronic health record information, specifically physicians’ daily inpatient progress notes, via a patient portal to parents during their child’s acute hospital stay—an understudied population and an understudied setting.MethodsA total of 5 in-person focus groups were conducted with 34 stakeholders most likely impacted by sharing of physicians’ inpatient notes with parents of hospitalized children: hospital administrators, hospitalist physicians, interns and resident physicians, nurses, and the parents themselves.ResultsDistinct themes identified as benefits of pediatric inpatient Open Notes for parents emerged from all the 5 focus groups. These themes were communication, recapitulation and reinforcement, education, stress reduction, quality control, and improving family-provider relationships. Challenges identified included burden on provider, medical jargon, communication, sensitive content, and decreasing trust.ConclusionsProviding patients and, in the case of pediatrics, caregivers with access to medical records via patient portals increases the flow of information and, in turn, their ability to participate in the discourse of their care. Parents in this study demonstrated not only that they act as monitors and guardians of their children’s health but also that they are observers of the clinical processes taking place in the hospital and at their child’s bedside. This includes the clinical documentation process, from the creation of notes to the reading and sharing of the notes. Parents acknowledge not only the importance of notes in the clinicians’ workflow but also their collaboration with providers as part of the health care team.

541 Designing a web-based technology system to support burn disaster response

IntroductionAccurately transmitting information in a burn mass casualty incident (BMCI) is critical. Modern technology, including “apps” and web-based systems coordinated through a central command center addresses this need. The system should 1.) Function as a real-time link between on-scene personnel, local hospitals or trauma centers and regional burn centers; 2.) Organize triage in accordance with accepted burn mass casualty national standards; and 3.) Match acuity of age and percent burn to immediate open beds, either direct from the scene or from secondary hospitals, without overwhelming any one particular facility.MethodsExtensive literature review was conducted to do a comparative study of similar/existing commercial data management tools; investigate technology designs of mobile apps and web browsers accessible to cloud-based systems, and identify what data and processes needed to be tracked and coordinated across diverse stakeholders to deliver real-time situational awareness for definitive medical planning capabilities.ResultsDevelopment of a Burn Patient Transfer System (BPTS) web-based application with mobile access resulted. The BPTS is series of dashboards designed for specific patient management for both referring (RF) and receiving facilities (RC), coordinated through a central command center. Focus for RFs includes an ability to list number of patients by acuity, addition of new patients, transfer status confirmation and situational awareness throughout the BMCI. RCs report or modify open bed availability of both immediate and eventual beds, for adult or pediatric patients. With this information, appropriate receiving facilities are identified by command personnel to coordinate approval of patient transfer, mode of transport and maintain situational awareness between medical personnel at referring and receiving facilities without exceeding facility surge capability. Clinical experts are responsible for final decisions on a case-by-case basis at both RF and RCs, as defined by a patient transfer algorithm matching patients by age and acuity.ConclusionsThe BPTS is an accessible communications system designed to serve three critical functions; A). Provide a mechanism and platform to report both immediate and surge burn bed capacity; B). Match patient acuity with available open beds at registered medical facilities and burn centers in accordance with ABA Disaster Triage recommendations and C). Track patient movement in real-time. Its core functionality is patient transfer management to and from locations where appropriate care can be delivered based upon clinical needs. This may include initial transfer to a local hospital or trauma center for primary stabilization, or direct to a burn center if and when weather, security and infrastructure permit.

Asthma Patients' Use of Cell Phone Features and Their Willingness to Use Them for Self-Management

IntroductionMobile health has the potential to improve self-care for people with chronic conditions. There are few previously published studies that have examined asthma patients' use of cell phone features and their willingness to use them for self-care in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, there is no validated instrument in Arabic to test the use of cell phone functions.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the general use of cell phone features by asthma patients and their willingness to use them and to determine the frequency of use of cell phone features by asthma patients. It also aimed to translate and validate an Arabic version of the questionnaire to test the use of cell phone functions by asthma patients.MethodsThis study was conducted in Saudi Arabia in 2021 using an online questionnaire. The test was translated (changes were made as needed) and validated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After validation of the instrument, the questionnaire included 34 questions divided into three sections: demographic information, current use of cell phone features, and desire to use cell phone features. Adults with asthma aged 18 years and older who owned a smartphone participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy asthma patients completed the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire was 0.86, indicating its reliability and consistency. Only 39 (14.4%) of the participants use cell phones for asthma care, and 13 (4.8%) have apps for asthma care on their cell phones. However, 74.1% of participants have a desire to use a cell phone for asthma care. The majority of participating asthma patients (67.8%) occasionally used the mobile internet browser to search for asthma information. Surprisingly, most of the participating asthma patients did not show a greater desire to use methods other than the internet browser to obtain asthma information. They did, however, have a strong desire to use the news to obtain information about asthma.ConclusionBecause the study shows that asthma patients prefer internet searches followed by the news to obtain information, stakeholders need to pay more attention to the quality, quantity, completeness, and accuracy of health information in these media.

Editorial Issue 33.2

This issue contains five papers. In the first paper, Ege Tekgün, Muhtar Çağkan Uludağlı, Hüseyin Akcan, and Burak Erdeniz, from Izmir University of Economics in Turkey assess the influence of virtual avatar anthropomorphism and the synchronicity of the visuo-tactile stimulation on self-location using a virtual reality (VR) full-body illusion (FBI) experiment. During the experiment, half of the 36 participants observed a gender-matched full-body humanoid avatar from a first-person perspective (1PP) and the other half observed a less anthropomorphic full-body cubical avatar from 1PP while they were receiving synchronous and asynchronous visuo-tactile stimulation. Results show a significant main effect of the synchronicity of the visuo-tactile stimulation and avatar body type on self-location but no significant interaction was found between them. Moreover, the results of the self-report questionnaire provide additional evidence showing that participants who received synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation, experienced not only greater changes in the feeling of self-location, but also, increased ownership, and referral of touch. In the second paper, Ke Li, Qian Zhang, Jinyuan Jia, from Tongji University in Shanghai, China, and Hantao Zhao, from Southeast University in Nanjing, all in China discuss the technology of presenting building information modeling (BIM) with an online platform and the difficulty to display large-scale BIM scenes in a flawless manner on mobile browsers, due to network bandwidth and browser performance limitations. The authors propose CEBOW, a Cloud-Edge-Browser Online architecture for visualizing BIM components with online solutions. The method combines transmission scheduling, cache management, and optimal initial loading into a single system architecture. For network transmission testing, BIM scenes are used, and the results show that their method effectively reduces scene loading time and networking delay while improving the visualization effect of large-scale scenes. In the third paper, Yuzhu Dong and Eakta Jain, from University of Florida in Gainesville, and Sophie Jörg, from Clemson University, all in United States discuss how the importance of eyes for virtual characters stems from the intrinsic social cues. They emphasize that the eye animation impacts the perception of an avatar's internal emotional state. They present three large scale experiments that investigate the extent to which viewers can identify if an avatar is scared. The authors find that participants can identify a scared avatar with 75% accuracy using cues in the eyes including pupil size variation, gaze, and blinks. Because eye trackers return pupil diameter in addition to gaze, their experiments inform practitioners that animating the pupil correctly will add expressiveness to a virtual avatar with negligible additional cost. These findings also have implications for creating expressive eyes in intelligent conversational agents and social robots. The fourth paper, by Osman Güler, from TUSAŞ Şehit Hakan Gülşen Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School in Ankara and Serkan Savaş, from Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, both in Turkey present a study showing that Interactive Boards (IBs) have the necessary hardware to run Stereoscopic 3D (S3D) training materials, but the panel has not got an S3D imaging feature. Therefore, only the Anaglyph S3D imaging method can be applied to IBs. Thus, an Anaglyph S3D training material was prepared for the interaction of the skeletal system and interactive 3D material design for IBs with its effects in education was investigated. A Likert-type scale was developed to measure the usability of the training material on IBs and the material was evaluated by 20 experts. The data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical program and the results were interpreted. According to the results, educational material seems to be positive in terms of image characteristics, content, navigation, and ease of use, font sizes were moderate for readability, the feedback process and the help menu were moderately effective. The last paper by Alexandra Sierra, Marie Postma, from Tilburg University in Netherlands and Menno Van Zaanen, from North-West University in Potchefstroom, South Africa investigate whether the uncanny valley effect, which has already been found for the human-like appearance of virtual characters, can also be found for animal-like appearances. They conducted an online study in which six different animal designs were evaluated in terms of the following properties: familiarity, commonality, naturalness, attractiveness, interestingness, and animateness. The study participants differed in age (under 10–60 years) and origin (Europe, Asia, North America, and South America). For the evaluation of the results, the authors ranked the animal-likeness of the character using both expert opinion and participant judgments. They also investigated the effect of movement and morbidity. The results confirm the existence of the uncanny valley effect for virtual animals, especially with respect to familiarity and commonality, for both still and moving images. No uncanny valley effect was detected for interestingness and animateness.

CEBOW: A Cloud‐Edge‐Browser Online Web3D approach for visualizing large BIM scenes

AbstractWith the mobile technology continues to grow and evolve, the technology of presenting building information modeling (BIM) with an online platform has become an important application in the fields of civil engineering, architecture, and computer visualization. However, due to network bandwidth and browser performance limitations, it was difficult to display large‐scale BIM scenes in a flawless manner on mobile browsers. CEBOW, a Cloud‐Edge‐Browser Online architecture for visualizing BIM components with online solutions, is proposed in this article. The method combines transmission scheduling, cache management, and optimal initial loading into a single system architecture. For network transmission testing, BIM scenes are used, and the results show that our method effectively reduces scene loading time and networking delay while improving the visualization effect of large‐scale scenes.