Mobile Transactions Research Articles

Do migrant remittances matter for financial development in Kenya?

The paper analyzes the relationship between remittances and financial development using Kenyan quarterly data from 2006 to 2016. Five different indicators of financial development are used: credit to the private sector as a share of GDP, the number of mobile transactions, the value of these mobile transactions, the number of mobile agents, and the number of bank accounts. The results from using an autoregressive distributed lag demonstrate a strong, positive relationship between remittances and financial development in long-run equations. This suggests that higher levels of remittances provide opportunities for recipients to open bank accounts, enhance their savings, and access financial systems, in addition to exposing the previously unbanked to both new and existing financial products. The results also confirm the potential advantage of embracing modern and advanced technology to facilitate international mobile transfers. Using international remittance transfers through mobile technology reduces costs by eliminating the need for physical branches and personnel to attend to walk-in customers. Aside from offering convenience and safety for remittance actors, this method also dominates traditional remittance business models. Therefore, a policy window exists for the government to leverage on remittances as a tool of financial inclusion and depth, and particularly through the continued expansion of regulatory space to accommodate the wider use of international mobile remittance transfer channels. Moreover, given the strong, positive relationship between remittances and credit to the private sector as indicated by its share of GDP and number of bank accounts, commercial banks and other players in the remittance market may also find it useful to develop customized products for migrants to access their remittances. For example, financial intermediaries can consider providing better deposit interest rates for diaspora deposits compared to deposits made in the local currency. Further, these institutions can allow regular remittance flows to act as collateral for the allocation of credit, among other incentives to tap into the significant potential of money remitted by migrants to Kenya. The study also recommends that the government consider expanding exploitation of diaspora bonds and diaspora savings and credit cooperative societies while drawing lessons from other countries’ previous attempts.

Research on Multiple Security Authentication Schemes for Mobile Applications of Power Trading Platforms

The development of mobile technology and the Internet has brought many potential threats while bringing convenience to users. Aiming at the leakage of private data and transaction sensitive information in mobile trading market, we study the multi-security authentication support technology of mobile transaction mobile application, and analyse the common mobile application content, document protection technology and mobile signature protection technology. Based on the identity authentication technology of mobile application and the security considerations of members and transaction data in the power trading market, an identity authentication technology using SMS verification code, mobile phone shield, face recognition and fingerprint identification is proposed to protect the mobile transaction mobile application transaction. Anti-leakage of market member privacy data and transaction-sensitive information. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we carry out the simulation experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can effectively protect the privacy of users.

Secured smart ATM transaction

<p>The objective of this paper is to reduce the service tax during mobile transactions. To improve the security and to make the process easy and less time consuming this process is rendered with the help of GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), finger print sensors, PIC16F877A microcontroller and aadhaar number.</p>

The Impact of Demonetization on Digital Payment Transactions: A Statistical Study

Digital payments or e-payments are a way through which, a payer and payee can made payments electronically. Here, both payer and payee make use of digital modes to perform any sort of transactions. Digitalization of the economy leads to transparency, accuracy, reliability and security for the Users, Consumers and the Economy. A cashless economy is the one in which large number of population use the digital methods of transactions for making and receiving payments. Through cashless methods of transacting in the economy, anyone can transfer money from one point to another point easily and conveniently without any loss of extra energy and efforts, as these methods are fast and efficient. Variety of Digital payments methods are available these days that include UPI apps, AEPS, cards, E-wallets, Internet banking, NEFT, RTGS, mobile transactions and many other. The Digital India Programme by Government of India was initiated with the vision to transform the country into digitally emancipate and cultivated society. Since then it started rising but the substantial increase in digital payments were found after demonetization. The e-payments have started building the momentum and showed notable increase. The paper focuses on the comparison among various digital payment options and it also tries to project the light over the need and importance of digitalized economy in terms of financial transactions and helps to change the rationale of the citizens of the country towards various different modes of cashless transactions especially after the demonetization took place in the economy in the year 2016. It also attempt to analyze the digital payment transactions in terms of NEFT, RTGS and Mobile transactions using paired sample t-test. The analysis was undertaken using IBM SPSS 21 on past 30 months of data starting from September 2015 to February 2018, taken from Reserve Bank of India.

RONFC: A Novel Enabler-Independent NFC Protocol for Mobile Transactions

The use of near field communication (NFC) technology for contactless mobile transactions has become popular in the past decade with the availability of this technology in mobile devices. Today, there are millions of the NFC-enabled mobile handsets in the market, with mobile handset manufacturers and mobile network operators enabling m-wallet solutions using the secure elements (SEs) that they own, thus can remotely control, on the devices. While this approach gives full control to the SE owner to activate any mobile transaction system on a device, having a more flexible approach would increase the benefits that end users could obtain from this technology in a variety of use cases. In this paper, we introduce a novel protocol for the NFC-based mobile transaction procedure, which uses tamper-resistant SEs that are already installed at the transaction terminals, and is mobile handset manufacturer and mobile network operator-independent. We evaluate and show the feasibility of the use of our proposed model with common mobile electronic payment scenarios. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed solution is promising for adoption as a secure NFC transaction model, which will have applications in various security-sensitive IoT scenarios, including but not limited to, mobile identification, healthcare, payment, and access control.

Lightweight RC4 Algorithm

As a significant number of applications in mobile transactions and wireless sensor networks are characterized by short duration sessions, security issues turn into a focal concern.
 RC4 algorithm is a standout amongst the most broadly utilized stream ciphers which locates its application in numerous security conventions, for example, Wired Equivalence Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protocol Access (WPA).
 In this paper, we suggest a lightweight variation of the well-known RC4 algorithm that is exceptionally appropriate for resources of computational compelled gadgets and energy in remote systems, when contrasted with RC4 and its variations like, HC128, Grain-128, and so on.,. We propose new PRGA which is replaced the PRGA keystream generation algorithm of RC4.
 The proposed LRC4 execution is surveyed in terms of randomness test and time under an arrangement of analyses. The trial comes about demonstrate that the resulting stream are random, and the suggested algorithm quicker compared to standard RC4, the results indicate the average of speed improvement is about 54% in both encryption/decryption sides.

A Proposed Combinatorial System Design for Ubiquitous Transaction Processing Systems

As computing paradigm shift from a computing paradigm involving one-computer-many people to that involving one-person-one computer and eventually to the one involving one-person-many computers, the need for effective transaction management model for this advancement has also increased. This is because, new transaction management challenges are introduced. These challenges include increased mobile user bank, hybrid of mobile devices and transaction processing architecture related issues. This paper presents a Combinatorial System Design of Transaction Processing Elements for Ubiquitous Computing with the aim of justifying the choice of deploying Mobile-3PC Protocol on Three-tier transaction processing system architecture as the appropriate combinatorial system design for ubiquitous transaction processing systems. To achieve this aim, existing transaction processing systems are critically analysed and Compared against standards that influence transaction processing throughput and response time positively. A systematic analytical approach is used in analyzing the organizational structure of two-tier and three-tier system architectures. Subsequently, 2 Phase Commit and 3 Phase Commit communication protocols are analyzed and deployed on the three-tier system architecture to ascertain which one of the combinational transaction processing system design support ubiquitous computing effectively. The study shows that the Mobile-3 Phase Commit Protocol on Three-Tier system architecture displayed proactive management skill to curb process failures. This signifies higher transaction throughput. The inherent load balancing capability of the three-tier system architecture also shows support for improved response time. It is therefore recommended that the Mobile-3PC Protocol-on-Three-Tier system architecture be adopted as the combinatorial system design for ubiquitous transaction processing systems.

Fraud detection within bankcard enrollment on mobile device based payment using machine learning

The rapid growth of mobile Internet technologies has induced a dramatic increase in mobile payments as well as concomitant mobile transaction fraud. As the first step of mobile transactions, bankcard enrollment on mobile devices has become the primary target of fraud attempts. Although no immediate financial loss is incurred after a fraud attempt, subsequent fraudulent transactions can be quickly executed and could easily deceive the fraud detection systems if the fraud attempt succeeds at the bankcard enrollment step. In recent years, financial institutions and service providers have implemented rule-based expert systems and adopted short message service (SMS) user authentication to address this problem. However, the above solution is inadequate to face the challenges of data loss and social engineering. In this study, we introduce several traditional machine learning algorithms and finally choose the improved gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm software library for use in a real system, namely, XGBoost. We further expand multiple features based on analysis of the enrollment behavior and plan to add historical transactions in future studies. Subsequently, we use a real card enrollment dataset covering the year 2017, provided by a worldwide payment processor. The results and framework are adopted and absorbed into a new design for a mobile payment fraud detection system within the Chinese payment processor.

A Context-Driven Commit Protocol for Enhancing Transactional Services Performance in Pervasive Environments

The proposed techniques for wireless environments during the last decade have limited support for dynamically changing environments. Due to its nature, the mobile computing environment is extremely dynamic and subject to rapid and unpredictable changes. Similarly, the characteristics of mobile applications affect their transactional requirements. The challenge is to reflect on solutions offering more flexibility and adaptability. In this article, the contribution was focused mainly on the problem of atomic commit that ensures the atomicity property. The trail of adapting mobile transaction commit protocols to context changes has been explored. This has led to the formalization of a flexible transaction model CATSM that supports adaptable properties and a commit protocol CA-TCP that enables adaptation to application requirements and mobile context in terms of transactional properties and execution cost. An architecture based on the concept of adaptation policy has also been designed for the implementation of the proposed solution.

An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Financial Fraud Detection under IoT Environment: A Survey and Implementation

Financial fraud under IoT environment refers to the unauthorized use of mobile transaction using mobile platform through identity theft or credit card stealing to obtain money fraudulently. Financial fraud under IoT environment is the fast-growing issue through the emergence of smartphone and online transition services. In the real world, a highly accurate process of financial fraud detection under IoT environment is needed since financial fraud causes financial loss. Therefore, we have surveyed financial fraud methods using machine learning and deep learning methodology, mainly from 2016 to 2018, and proposed a process for accurate fraud detection based on the advantages and limitations of each research. Moreover, our approach proposed the overall process of detecting financial fraud based on machine learning and compared with artificial neural networks approach to detect fraud and process large amounts of financial data. To detect financial fraud and process large amounts of financial data, our proposed process includes feature selection, sampling, and applying supervised and unsupervised algorithms. The final model was validated by the actual financial transaction data occurring in Korea, 2015.

Demonitizaton and its Effects on Digital Payments

Demonetization refers to an economic policy where certain currency units cease to be recognized as a form of legal tender. The Indian government had demonetized bank notes on three times 1946, 1978 and October-2016. In order to evaluate the impact of demonetization on digital payments, data was collected from May-2016 to October-2017 from NPCI web portal. Exploratory data analysis indicated debit card users increased by 414 percent followed by NEFT by 155 and RTGS by 122 percent. The mobile transaction was seen to have highest CAGR of 3.40 percent. A similar trend followed in case of the value of transactions i.e., the highest growth was in a debit card with 205 percent followed by mobile and NEFT by 193 and 178 percent respectively. Overall, the study concluded that there was a significant effect of demonetization on digital payments.

Has Demonetisation Pushed Digitalisation in India? Some Counter Evidences

India witnessed demonetisation in November 2016, when high value denomination notes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 were withdrawn at a single stroke which extinguished about 86 percent of the total currency value in circulation. Demonetisation which aimed to curb black money, terror funding and counterfeiting at the first place, was later projected as the government’s push for digitalisation drive. In this paper, we analyse the effect of demonetisation on digital payments viz. debit card, point of sale transactions, and mobile transactions using an intervention analysis of time series. The findings of the Study negate the impact of demonetisation on digitalisation of the Indian economy.

모바일 거래 환경에서 지각된 관계혜택이 지속적 이용의도에 미치는 영향 : 모바일 거래 능숙도의 조절효과*

모바일 거래 환경에서 지각된 관계혜택이 지속적 이용의도에 미치는 영향 : 모바일 거래 능숙도의 조절효과*

A Trustworthy Group Identifying Trust Metric for P2P Service Sharing Economy Based on Personal Social Network of Users

With the quick growth of sharing economy, service sharing becomes a popular phenomenon in daily lives. However, some service providers give exaggerated information about their services on the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) service sharing platforms to get more profits. How to identify a reliable service provider becomes a difficult challenge for users. In this paper, we propose a trustworthy group trust metric for P2P service sharing (TMPSS) economy based on personal social network (PSN) of users. Deriving from Advogato group trust metric, it considers factors such as social circle similarity, preference similarity, interaction degree, ranks the reliable nodes in a target user’s PSN, outputs an ordered set of reliable nodes, and prevents unreliable nodes from access PSN of honest users. Experimental results show that TMPSS has advantages over existing representative methods because it finds more reliable nodes, and counts against malicious nodes’ attacks more effectively, and it is suitable for mobile transaction circumstances.

DyTO: Dynamic Task Offloading Strategy for Mobile Cloud Computing Using Surrogate Object Model

In Distributed Mobile Computing paradigm, mobile devices are offer unlimited services over mobile cloud computing. However, the limitation of the mobile devices and mobile cloud lead to several issues and challenges such as inadequate bandwidth, time delay, limited energy, poor quality of services and frequent disconnected network. To deal with these obstacles, we propose strategy dynamic task optimization in mobile cloud with offloading algorithm. In this paper the offloading algorithm we designed a model for coordinated management and optimized utilization of resource in mobile cloud for offloading process. The experimental evaluation are performed through the simulation results proves the feasibility and reliability, which shows its better mobile transactions with effective utilization of energy, resources, bandwidth, reducing the overhead time and improved quality of services for disconnected network between mobile devices and cloud servers.

Performance innovations in the IBM z14 platform

The IBM z14 platform brings together numerous innovations that collectively provide considerable performance gains over prior designs for the full spectrum of modern workloads being run on today's enterprise systems. These workloads range from traditional online transaction processing and batch workloads to Linux-based and cloud-based workloads, leveraging advances in analytics, mobile transaction processing, social data mining, cognitive applications, security (blockchain), and other areas. The performance gains in the z14 platform required advancements in the processor hardware microarchitecture, physical design, and instruction-set architecture, as well as in the firmware and hypervisor stacks. The result is a comprehensive platform solution that enables efficient multiprocessor scaling for large single-image partitions and mixed-workload multipartition environments within a single platform, while remaining responsive to the “bursty” demands of batch and transaction-based workloads. The performance gains present in the z14 are a direct result of the collaborative efforts between diverse teams within IBM working together to produce advancements in hardware, firmware, and software that outpace the gains of the individual contributions. In this paper, we discuss these results with a focus on the client value delivered through system performance and workload responsiveness.

Mobile Banking: Pain or Gain

Mobile Banking was a service provided by Banks which came into existence in early of 1997, when bank sent customers SMSalert regarding their account. (Tomi T. Ahonen and Jeo Barrett, in their book “Service for UMTS: Creating Killer Applications in 3G) Mobile banking is also a service provided by banks or other financial institutions to allow its customers to use Smartphones and other cellular devices to perform online banking tasks. The services offered by bank in Mobile Banking include administering your bank account, make online transactions, view and customize your account etc. After launch of Mobile banking in India, mobile banking transactions have seen some growth. But this growth showed a great hike, after application of Demonetization in the month of November 2016 by Government of India. Various factors that affected Indian Banking Sector for adoption of Mobile Banking were due to the wide results in service quality, managerial decisions, operational performance, profitability and productivity of the banks. Indian customers still prefer traditional ways of banking due to Illiteracy, lack of knowledge of mobile banking, limited knowledge and various other reasons. In order to overcome this drawback of mobile banking and run it effectively, proper care may be taken care of and adequate steps to be taken to improve the quality services of mobile banking.

Effects of Mobile Transaction Costs on the Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Mogadishu, Somalia

Effects of Mobile Transaction Costs on the Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Mogadishu, Somalia

SQL statement logging for making SQLite truly lite

The lightweight codebase of SQLite was helpful in making it become the de-facto standard database in most mobile devices, but, at the same time, forced it to take less-complicated transactional schemes, such as physical page logging, journaling, and force commit, which in turn cause excessive write amplification. Thus, the write IO cost in SQLite is not lightweight at all. In this paper, to make SQLite truly lite in terms of IO efficiency for the transactional support, we propose SQLite/SSL , a per-transaction SQL statement logging scheme: when a transaction commits, SQLite/SSL ensures its durability by storing only SQL statements of small size, thus writing less and performing faster at no compromise of transactional solidity. Our main contribution is to show that, based on the observation that mobile transactions tend to be short and exhibit strong update locality , logical logging can, though long discarded, become an elegant and perfect fit for SQLite-based mobile applications. Further, we leverage the WAL journal mode in vanilla SQLite as a transaction-consistent checkpoint mechanism which is indispensable in any logical logging scheme. In addition, we show for the first time that byte-addressable NVM (non-volatile memory) in host-side can realize the full potential of logical logging because it allows to store fine-grained logs quickly. We have prototyped SQLite/SSL by augmenting vanilla SQLite with a transaction-consistent checkpoint mechanism and a redo-only recovery logic, and have evaluated its performance using a set of synthetic and real workloads. When a real NVM board is used as its log device, SQLite/SSL can outperform vanilla SQLite's WAL mode by up to 300x and also outperform the state-of-the-arts SQLite/PPL scheme by several folds in terms of IO time.

A Efficient Logging and Recovery using T-tree Index for Mobile Transaction

A Efficient Logging and Recovery using T-tree Index for Mobile Transaction