Mobile Techniques Research Articles

The Integral Role of Political Parties in the Democratic Movement of 1950

Political scientists differ in the definition of democracy. Some see it as liberal reforms or structural changes brought about by opposition parties, while others see it as the overthrow of an authoritarian administration and the first democratic elections. In Nepal, the definition of democracy and democratic movement varies, starting as an anti-Rana movement against the totalitarian state of one family rule. The anti-Rana campaign in Nepal served as the seed for the democratic movement. Plots and violence entered Nepali politics when people’s involvement in politics had decreased, which resulted in Jung Bahadur’s foundation of Rana authority in 1846. The democratic system, which was founded on the public’s involvement for fundamental rights, started to topple the repressive and authoritarian government. Since 1950, a great number of Nepali heroes have given their lives to bring democracy to their country. The purpose of this study is to uncover the political parties’ unacknowledged contributions to Nepal’s democracy struggle. This paper examines the multifaceted involvement of the political parties, highlighting the diverse strategies, mobilization techniques, and collaborative efforts that shaped the outcome of the democratic movement. Based on qualitative research method this paper shapes interpretivism utilizing and analyzing political movements and revolt change is Hegel’s Dialectical and David Easton’s Political System Theory. Hegel’s notion of “thesis-antithesis and synthesis,” which advances society, describes the conflict between outmoded and progressive concepts. The input-process-output combination that connects political parties and mass mobilization is the focus of Eastons’ theory. This paper briefly introduces Contextualizing the democratic movement in Nepal and its significance. It also highlights the Nepal’s historical and political context, tracing the events leading up to the 1950. Qualitative data about the topic under discussion has been gathered through in-depth interviews and library research. It is restricted to research on the topic’s history. The country’s democratic movement has been a central force shaping its evolution, with political parties serving as both catalysts and conduits for change. This article delves into the crucial role of political parties in Nepal’s democratic movement, highlighting their contributions, challenges, and the ongoing significance they hold in the nation’s political landscape.

KRONİK BOYUN AĞRISINDA SERVİKAL STABİLİZASYON EGZERSİZLERİ İLE KOMBİNE EDİLEN MULLİGAN MOBİLİZASYON TEKNİĞİNİN ETKİLERİNİN TEK BAŞINA SERVİKAL STABİLİZASYON EGZERSİZLERİNİN ETKİLERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: RANDOMİZE KONTROLLÜ ÇALIŞMA

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of Mulligan mobilization techniques applied in addition to cervical stabilization exercises on pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), cervical muscle endurance, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and quality of life compared to cervical stabilization exercises alone in individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP).
 Method: Forty individuals with CNP were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups: the cervical stabilization group (SG, n=20) and the cervical stabilization-Mulligan mobilization group (SMG, n=20). The SG group only received cervical stabilization exercises for four weeks, while the SMG received Mulligan mobilization techniques for four weeks in addition to cervical stabilization exercises. Before and after the treatment programs, the subjects were evaluated in terms of pain intensity (visual analogue scale), ROM (goniometric measurement), cervical muscle endurance (endurance tests), PPT (algometric measurement), and quality of life (Short Form-36, SF-36).
 Results: Significant improvements were found in all parameters in both groups after the treatment programs (p

Efficacy of cervical mobilization with post-isometric relaxation in managing mechanical neck pain, ROM, and functional limitations associated with myofascial trigger points

Background: Sedentary lifestyle, age-related degenerative changes or traumatic injuries leads to cervical spine structural mal-alignment, which results in neck pain and other symptoms. Various therapeutic exercises and manual techniques have been proven to be beneficial in terms of managing these symptoms. This study aimed to determine the combined effects of cervical mobilization and post-isometric relaxation (PIR) technique on managing neck pain, cervical side flexion range of motion, and functional limitation in participants with mechanical neck pain linked with myofascial trigger points. Methods: This study followed a 2-arm, parallel-group, pretest-posttest randomized comparative design. Thirty participants with mechanical neck pain associated with myofascial trigger points aged 30.87 ± 4.45 years were randomly allocated to Groups 1 and 2. Group 1 received conventional intervention, PIR, and cervical mobilization techniques while Group 2 received conventional intervention and PIR technique only. Neck pain, muscle tenderness, cervical range of motion, and functional limitations were assessed using a visual analog scale, pressure pain threshold (PPT), goniometer, and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire, respectively at baseline on day 1 and post-intervention on day 7, 14, and 21. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test evaluated within-group and between-group analyses, respectively. Statistical significance was established at a 95% confidence interval, indicated by P < .05. Results: Significant differences (95% confidence interval [CI], P < .05) were observed within each group for all the outcomes scores when compared to the baselines across multiple time points. Significant variations were observed between the groups when comparing visual analog scale and NDI scores at weeks 1, 2, and 3 post-interventions. In contrast, insignificant differences (95% CI, P > .05) were observed for side flexion range of motion and PPT compared at weeks 1, 2, and 3 post-interventions except for PPT at week 3 post-intervention (95% CI, P < .05). Additionally, Cohen d test revealed the superiority of group 1 over group 2 in reducing pain and functional limitations and improving cervical side flexion range of motion and PPT. Conclusion: The combination of cervical mobilization and Post-isometric relaxation techniques was discovered to effectively alleviate neck pain and enhance functional abilities when contrasted with the application of post-isometric relaxation alone in patients with mechanical neck pain linked with myofascial trigger points.

Comparison of Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Mobilization and Spencer Technique Along with Conventional Therapy for Frozen Shoulder. Randomized Controlled Trial RCT

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness between Mulligan’s mobilization and spencer technique.The study's 36 patients who met the eligibility requirements were accepted. Before beginning any examinations, each participant in this study completed a written informed consent form. Three groups of frozen shoulder patients were randomly assigned. Mulligan's mobilization was used in Group A, Spencer technique was used in Group 2, and simply conventional treatment was used in Group 3. The computer-generated list used to divide the patients into the three groups remained consistent throughout the trial. In both groups, the course of treatment lasted four weeks.Shoulder pain is very common problem now a days. Shoulder pain leads to multiple dysfunctions depending upon severity of pain. It decreases the range of motion and leads to functional dependency. Physical therapy is important in the management of shoulder pain including heat therapy, infrared radiations, and manipulation exercises and in some cases traction. This study provided an opportunity to share my personal experience with community. This study was conducted purely in clinical setting of Physiotherapy Department Mayo Hospital, Lahore. The outcome of this study is of great value in treating frozen shoulder which is a great contribution to the health care system of Pakistan. As there are numerous treatment strategies to treat shoulder pain but there is not enough evidence about the efficacy of Spencer technique. Hence this study was done to compare the efficacy of these interventions.NPRS AND SPADI post treatment scores of group A show significant improvement in reducing pain and disability.It was concluded from the results of this study that Mulligan’s mobilization are more effective than Spencer technique for treatment of frozen shoulder. It improves movements and posture of patients.

The effect of using the flipped classroom with mobile learning technology on the performance level of some skills Gymnastics for students of the Department of Physical Education at Umm Al-Qura University

The flipped classroom is a teaching strategy used to improve the learning experience for students. This strategy is implemented in classrooms by giving students responsibility for learning and discovery and shifting the active role in learning from teachers to students. The flipped classroom is used in education with a variety of educational fields, including mobile learning. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of using the flipped classroom with mobile learning technology on the level of performance of some skills in gymnastics for students of the Physical Education Department (PED). The study sample consisted of (36) students from PED, who had no experience in the skills under study. The experimental method with a design was used. The study group consists of two groups, control and experimental, of equal numbers. The research was applied during the first semester of 1443 AH for a period of (12) weeks, with three educational units for each skill, preceded by a week of pre-measurements and post-measurements. The results showed significant differences between the dimensional measurements of the two groups, in favor of the experimental group. The use of the flipped classroom with the mobile learning technique had a significant improvement in teaching the gymnastics skills to the experimental group compared to the control group that used the traditional method. The researcher recommends the need to use the flipped classroom with mobile learning technology in teaching gymnastics skills on different devices and in teaching different individual and group sports skills.

Mobile Marketing in the Art Industry

The rising prevalence of mobile devices has transformed consumer behaviors and created new opportunities for audience engagement through mobile marketing in the art world. However, there has been limited research on implementing effective mobile strategies for art professionals. This study aimed to systematically review mobile techniques over the past five years based on academic literature and industry reports. It analyzed key mobile marketing campaigns from prominent art institutions focusing on approaches like apps, augmented reality, and location-based services. The literature revealed several important findings about mobile marketing effectiveness. According to Pew Research Center data from 2019, 81% of Americans now own smartphones frequently used for internet access, demonstrating widespread mobile access. Studies of apps found those displaying artist portfolios and enabling ticket purchases had high audience engagement. Augmented reality apps providing interactive experiences attracted more first-time museum visitors than non-users. Location services increased nearby gallery foot traffic up to 35% by capitalizing on proximity. Case studies indicate mobile strategies can significantly boost participation when integrated across digital and physical channels through profiles, ticketing, content, and location promotion to spur visits. As a result, mobile technologies may help arts institutions connect with broader demographics in novel ways. However, usability and data privacy must be addressed. The review concluded that mobile techniques are highly impactful for boosting audience involvement, working best as an omni-channel approach across platforms and interactivity. Adopting established mobile marketing best practices is essential for arts professionals and organizations to thrive in today’s digital landscape and engage wider audiences.

Systemic changes induced by autologous stem cell ovarian transplant in plasma proteome of women with impaired ovarian reserves.

Patients with poor ovarian response (POR) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) are challenging to treat, with oocyte donation remaining as the only feasible option to achieve pregnancy in some cases. The Autologous stem cell ovarian transplantation (ASCOT) technique allows follicle development, enabling pregnancies and births of healthy babies in these patients. Previous results suggest that growth factors and cytokines secreted by stem cells are partially responsible for their regenerative properties. Indeed, ASCOT beneficial effects associate with the presence of different bone marrow derived stem cell- secreted factors in plasma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether ASCOT induce any modifications in the plasma proteomic profile of patients with impaired ovarian reserves. Discriminant analysis highlighted clear distinctions between the plasma proteome before (PRE), during stem cell mobilization and collection (APHERESIS) and three months after ASCOT (POST) in patients with POR and POI. Both the stem cell mobilization and ASCOT technique induced statistically significant modifications in the plasma composition, reversing some age-related protein expression changes. In the POR group, functional analysis revealed an enrichment in processes related to the complement cascade, immune system, and platelet degranulation, while in the POI group, enriched processes were also associated with responses to oxygen-containing compounds and growth hormones, and blood vessel maturation. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential proteins and biological processes that may promote the follicle activation and growth observed after ASCOT. Identifying plasma proteins that regenerate aged or damaged ovaries could lead to more effective, targeted and/or preventive therapies for patients.

Determining the effective elastic thickness through cross-correlation between isostatic disturbances

The elastic thickness parameter was estimated using the mobile correlation technique between the observed isostatic disturbance and the gravity disturbance calculated through direct gravimetric modeling. We computed the vertical flexure value of the crust for a specific elastic thickness using a given topographic dataset. The gravity disturbance due to the topography was determined after the calculation. A grid of values for the elastic thickness parameter was generated. Then, a moving correlation was performed between the observed gravity data (representing actual surface data) and the calculated data from the forward modeling. The optimum elastic thickness of the particular point corresponded to the highest correlation coefficient. The methodology was tested on synthetic data and showed that the synthetic depth closely matched the original depth, including the elastic thickness value. To validate the results, the described procedure was applied to a real dataset from the Barreirinhas Basin, situated in the northeastern region of Brazil. The results show that the obtained crustal depth is highly correlated with the depth from known models. Additionally, we noted that the elastic thickness behaves as expected, decreasing from the continent towards the ocean. Based on the results, this method has the potential to be employed as a direct estimate of crustal depth and elastic thickness for any region.

Early Ambulation Shortened the Length of Hospital Stay in ICU Patients after Abdominal Surgery.

The optimal time to ambulation remains unclear for intensive care unit (ICU) patients following abdominal surgery. While previous studies have explored various mobilization techniques, a direct comparison between ambulation and other early mobilization methods is lacking. Additionally, the impact of time to ambulation on complications and disuse syndrome prevention requires further investigation. This study aimed to identify the optimal time to ambulation for ICU patients after abdominal surgery and considered its potential influence on complications and disuse syndrome. We examined the relationship between time to ambulation and hospital length of stay (LOS). Patients were categorized into the nondelayed (discharge within the protocol time) and delayed (discharge later than expected) groups. Data regarding preoperative functioning, postoperative complications, and time to discharge were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Of the 274 postsurgical patients managed in the ICU at our hospital between 2018 and 2020, 188 were included. Time to ambulation was a significant prognostic factor for both groups, even after adjusting for operative time and complications. The area under the curve was 0.72, and the cutoff value for time to ambulation was 22 h (sensitivity, 68%; specificity, 77%). A correlation between time to ambulation and complications was observed, with both impacting the hospital LOS (model 1: p < 0.01, r = 0.22; model 2: p < 0.01, r = 0.29). Specific cutoff values for time to ambulation will contribute to better surgical protocols.

Automated lag-phase detection in wine grapes using a mobile vision system

Lag-phase in wine grapes refers to a critical stage in the growth cycle of berries when there is a significant slowdown in their growth rate roughly at half the harvest size. This stage is essential for predicting the crop yield at harvest as there is a strong relationship between the lag-phase berry size and the final berry size in grape clusters. This study is focused on developing an automated system to detect and predict the onset of the lag-phase in grape berries using a mobile machine vision technique. The system utilized various image processing techniques, including deep learning algorithms, to detect berries from grape clusters and estimate their size (diameter). The sizes of sample berries in randomly selected grape clusters were tracked and their growth patterns throughout the growing season were analyzed to identify the onset of the lag-phase. Berry size estimated using a Mask R-CNN-based segmentation and checkerboard calibration object achieved an RMSE of 0.473 mm and an R2 of 0.837 against the ground truth measurements. The mean absolute error (MAE) for detecting the lag-phase start date was estimated to be seven days. The results showed that the automated method was accurate and effective in detecting the onset of lag-phase. Overall, the study shows promise for using a deep learning-based technique to automate lag-phase detection and estimate crop yield, which can help growers make more informed decisions on crop management, inform harvest and post-harvest logistics, and improve the overall efficiency of farming operations.

Effect of Self Neural Mobilization in Low Back Pain with Radiculopathy on Pain, ROM and Functional Disability - An Interventional Study

BACKGROUND: Leg pain extending below the knee into the foot and toes is lumbar radiculopathy, often accompanied by sensory, reflex or motor neurological problems along the lumbosacral nerves or nerve roots. Neural tissue mobilization techniques involve assessing and relieving neural tension through movements, restoring the nervous system's capacity to handle daily forces. These manual methods aid movement within neural structures and have been found, in research on both humans and animals, to reduce edema, enhance fluid dispersion, alleviate pain sensitivity, and reverse heightened immune responses resulting from nerve injuries. Nerve gliding exercises aim to improve nerve mobility and reduce irritation. They involve stretching and releasing a nerve in a controlled manner to potentially reduce swelling and alleviate symptoms. These exercises should be performed with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of self-neural mobilization on pain by NPRS. To study the effect of self-neural mobilization in ROM by Goniometry. To study the effect of self-neural mobilization on functional disability by ODI. METHODOLOGY: 36 patients were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups; each consist of 18 patients. Group A received nerve mobilization and conventional treatment and Group B received conventional treatment. Post outcome measures such as NPRS, ODI and SLR ROM were taken after 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: After six-week data analysis was done suggest both group’s p value is &lt; 0.05 but interventional group has significant better improvement compared to control group. CONCLUSION: From the current study it has been concluded that nerve mobilization technique is effective in reducing pain, reduce functional disability and improves SLR ROM. Keywords: Low back pain, Radiculopathy, Nerve mobilization

NEEDLE IN A HAYSTACK: FEASIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING SMALL SAFETY ASSETS FROM POINT CLOUDS USING DEEP LEARNING

Abstract. Asset management systems are beneficial for maintaining building infrastructure and can be used to keep up-to-date records of relevant safety assets, such as smoke detectors, exit signs, and fire extinguishers. Existing methods for locating and identifying these assets in buildings primarily rely on surveys and images, which only provide 2D locations and can be tedious for large-scale structures. Indoor point clouds, which can be captured quickly for buildings using mobile scanning techniques, can provide us with 3D asset locations. In this paper, we study the feasibility of using 3D point clouds of buildings combined with deep learning techniques to identify safety-related assets, particularly small-sized assets like fire switches and exit signs. We adopt the state-of-the-art Deep Learning network, Kernel Point-Fully Convolutional Network (KP-FCNN), to identify these assets through semantic segmentation. Using the obtained results, we create a 3D-geometry model of the building with assets pinpointed, providing scene semantics and delivering more value. Our method is tested using three different point cloud datasets obtained from a depth camera, a mobile laser scanner, and an iPhone lidar sensor.

Effects of Soft Tissue Massage Along with Mobilization Technique on Intensity of Symptoms and Functional Status of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The median nerve in the wrist is compressed in the carpal tunnel, causing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The symptoms of this condition include numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand and fingers. The effectiveness of soft tissue massage along with mobilization techniques in managing CTS symptoms and improving functional status is an area to explored. Objective: To determine the effects of soft tissue massage along with mobilization technique on intensity of pain and functional status in Carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients with mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome at Sindh Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Karachi. In group A, soft tissue massage (Medenci hand massage technique) was combined with joint (radiocarpal and inter-carpal) and median nerve mobilization sliders, whereas in group B, only joint and median nerve mobilization sliders were used. A visual analog pain scale, the Boston scale of carpal tunnel syndrome, a dynamometer and a pinch gauge were used to evaluate participant on day 1 and the last treatment session. Results: There was no significant difference between group A and B after treatment. However, there was significant improvement (p&lt;0.05) in intragroup analysis in all outcome measures after treatment in both groups with p&lt; 0.05. Conclusions: Soft tissue massage along with joint and nerve mobilization is effective in symptoms severity and functional status. To further validate the findings of this study, similar investigations will need to be undertaken in the future to consider it before surgical intervention in CTS.

Neural Mobilization for Reducing Pain and Disability in Patients with Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lumbar radiculopathy causes lower back and lower extremity pain that may be managed with neural mobilization (NM) techniques. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of NM in alleviating pain and reducing disability in patients with lumbar radiculopathy. We hypothesized that NM would reduce pain and improve disability in the lumbar radiculopathy population, leveraging the statistical power of multiple studies. Electronic databases from their inception up to October 2023 were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the impact of NM on lumbar radiculopathy. Our primary outcome measure was the alteration in pain intensity, while the secondary one was the improvement of disability, standardized using Hedges' g. To combine the data, we employed a random-effects model. A total of 20 RCTs comprising 877 participants were included. NM yielded a significant reduction in pain intensity (Hedges' g = -1.097, 95% CI = -1.482 to -0.712, p < 0.001, I2 = 85.338%). Subgroup analyses indicated that NM effectively reduced pain, whether employed alone or in conjunction with other treatments. Furthermore, NM significantly alleviated disability, with a notable effect size (Hedges' g = -0.964, 95% CI = -1.475 to -0.453, p < 0.001, I2 = 88.550%), particularly in chronic cases. The findings provide valuable insights for clinicians seeking evidence-based interventions for this patient population. This study has limitations, including heterogeneity, potential publication bias, varied causal factors in lumbar radiculopathy, overall study quality, and the inability to explore the impact of neural pathology on NM treatment effectiveness, suggesting opportunities for future research improvements.

Effectiveness of Neural Mobilisation on Pain Intensity, Functional Status, and Physical Performance in Adults with Musculoskeletal Pain – A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Objective To investigate up-to-date evidence of the effectiveness of neural mobilisation techniques compared with any type of comparator in improving pain, function, and physical performance in people with musculoskeletal pain. Data sources The following sources were consulted: PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, and PEDro databases; scientific repositories; and clinical trial registers. The last search was performed on 01/06/2023. Methods Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for inclusion. We included randomised, quasi-randomised, and crossover trials on musculoskeletal pain in which at least one group received neural mobilisation (alone or as part of multimodal interventions). Meta-analyses were performed where possible. The RoB 2 and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tools were used to assess risk of bias and to rate the certainty of evidence, respectively. Results Thirty-nine trials were identified. There was a significant effect favouring neural mobilisation for pain and function in people with low back pain, but not for flexibility. For neck pain, there was a significant effect favouring neural mobilisation as part of multimodal interventions for pain, but not for function and range of motion. Regarding other musculoskeletal conditions, it was not possible to conclude whether neural mobilisation is effective in improving pain and function. There was very low confidence for all effect estimates. Conclusions Neural mobilisation as part of multimodal interventions appears to have a positive effect on pain for patients with low back pain and neck pain and on function in people with low back pain. For the other musculoskeletal conditions, results are inconclusive.

A comparative study of the efficacy of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and massage techniques in patients with patellofemoral joint pain.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and manipulative therapy Tui-na techniques in the treatment of patients with patellofemoral joint pain syndrome, and to evaluate their impact on pain relief, functional improvement, and joint range of motion. In this study, 25 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were enrolled, comprising of an intervention group of 13 patients who received IASTM treatment and a control group of 12 patients who received Tui-na manipulation therapy. The treatment cycle lasted for 4 weeks, featuring two interventions per week. Before treatment, the visual analog pain scale (VAS) of the knee, Lysholm score of the knee, modified Thomas test (MTT), and maximum isometric strength of the extensor muscles of the lower limbs were measured and recorded for both groups. After the first and last treatments, the aforementioned indexes were reassessed, and the maximum isometric muscle strength of the lower extremity extensors was measured only after 4 weeks of treatment had been completed. There was no significant difference in the basic information of the two intervention groups (p > 0. 05). After the first treatment and 4 weeks of treatment, the Lysholm score in both groups significantly improved (p < 0. 05), indicating that both interventions can improve the function of patients' lower limbs. However, the Lysholm score in the IASTM group significantly increased compared with that of the massage group after 4 weeks of treatment, indicating that its improvement in functional performance is superior. Both groups showed significant improvement in knee joint pain after the first treatment and 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0. 05), with the IASTM group having a lower VAS score and better pain improvement after 4 weeks of treatment. The strength of the two intervention groups significantly increased after the maximum isometric muscle strength test of the lower limb extensor muscles before and after 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0. 05). After the MTT test, the extension angle, deviation angle, and hip abduction angle of the tested legs in the two intervention groups were significantly reduced (p < 0. 001), indicating an improvement in lower limb joint mobility. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization treatment and Tui-na manipulation therapy significantly reduced pain, improved knee flexibility, and increased range of motion of the lower extremity in patients with PFPS. However, IASTM treatment significantly improved pain and function and sustained pain in the short to medium-term post-trial period. www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN88098928.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Improved Management of Frozen Shoulder and Complications in Breast Cancer Surgery: A Perspective from Thailand

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide, necessitating surgical interventions like lumpectomy, mastectomy, or modified radical mastectomy. However, these procedures often lead to postoperative complications, such as frozen shoulder, significantly impacting patients’s quality of life. This review focuses on the challenges associated with frozen shoulder and other complications following breast cancer surgery. It proposes the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in assessment and intervention as a cost- effective solution. Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, affects around 22.2% of breast cancer patients, particularly those undergoing axillary approaches. It is frequently accompanied by Axillary Web Syndrome (AWS) and Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome (PMPS), resulting in pain, limited range of motion, and compromised functional abilities. Conservative treatments, including exercises and rehabilitation programs, have shown positive outcomes in managing these symptoms. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of exercises, joint mobilization techniques, and home-based exercise programs in improving muscle strength, range of motion, and functional ability in breast cancer survivors. Abnormal neuromuscular control and kinematic distortions in shoulder and spinal movements have also been identified, highlighting the significance of neuromuscular training for shoulder joint complex recovery. The integration of AI in the assessment and intervention of frozen shoulder can offer cost-effective solutions and reduce waiting times at healthcare centers in Thailand. AI technologies can enable precise evaluations and personalized treatment plans, optimizing patient outcomes and resource utilization. In conclusion, physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing frozen shoulder and other complications following breast cancer surgery. Evidence-based practices, including comprehensive patient education, tailored exercise programs, manual therapy techniques, and pain management strategies, are essential for effective treatment. Integrating AI in assessment and intervention can further enhance outcomes and alleviate the burden on healthcare resources.

Comparison of Effectiveness of Maitland’s Mobilizations at End-Range Versus Within Pain-Free Joint Range of Movement in Treatment of Patients with Frozen Shoulder RCT

Maitland’s mobilizations are an important treatment option for treating patients with Frozen shoulder or Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder joint. In this study we compared the efficacy of Maitland’s mobilization at end-range of tissue resistance with high intensity glides i.e. High Grade with low intensity glides i.e. Low grade within pain free range of joint movement. The study was conducted at OPD of Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. In this study total of 57 patients were taken and only 36 patients were selected after assessing on inclusion criteria. Those 36 patients were divided into 3 groups with 12 patients in individual group. With the joint close to its neutral position, translation and distraction techniques were used to begin mobilization techniques in the fundamental starting positions. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and SPADI scales were used for measuring pain and disability index. ROMs were measured before, during and after treatment course i.e. at Day 1, after 2 weeks and after 4 weeks respectively. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS using ANOVA. When the ranges were compared by using ANOVA on SPSS it was evident that Group A patients showed better treatment outcomes as compared to other two groups. P-value (0.000) less than 0.05 is considered significant for group A patient. Mean of demographic data also support the fact that AC is more common in women than man. As a result of this study we can conclude that all treatment options gave good results in enhancing range of motion (ROM) and decreasing pain in shoulder joint but high-grade mobilization techniques applied at end range gave a significant treatment outcome on Ranges when compared. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and SPADI scales

Combined subtarsal contralateral transmaxillary retroeustachian and endoscopic endonasal approaches to the infrapetrous region.

The eustachian tube (ET) limits endoscopic endonasal access to the infrapetrous region. Transecting or mobilizing the ET may result in morbidities. This study presents a novel approach in which a subtarsal contralateral transmaxillary (ST-CTM) corridor is coupled with the standard endonasal approach to facilitate access behind the intact ET. Eight cadaveric head specimens were dissected. Endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) (i.e., transpterygoid and inferior transclival) were performed on one side, followed by ST-CTM and sublabial contralateral transmaxillary (SL-CTM) approaches on the opposite side, along with different ET mobilization techniques on the original side. Seven comparative groups were generated. The length of the cranial nerves, areas of exposure, and volume of surgical freedom (VSF) in the infrapetrous regions were measured and compared. Without ET mobilization, the combined ST-CTM/EEA approach provided greater exposure than EEA alone (mean ± SD 288.9 ± 40.66 mm2 vs 91.7 ± 49.9 mm2; p = 0.001). The VSFs at the ventral jugular foramen (JF), entrance to the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA), and lateral to the parapharyngeal ICA were also greater in ST-CTM/EEA than in EEA alone (p = 0.002, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively). EEA alone, however, provided greater VSF at the hypoglossal canal (HGC) than did ST-CTM/EEA (p = 0.01). The SL-CTM approach did not increase the EEA exposure (p = 0.48). The ST-CTM/EEA approach provided greater exposure than EEA with extended inferolateral (EIL) or anterolateral (AL) ET mobilization (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). The ST-CTM/EEA also increased the VSF lateral to the parapharyngeal ICA in comparison with EEA/EIL ET mobilization (p < 0.001) but not with EEA/AL ET mobilization (p = 0.36). Finally, the VSFs at the HGC and JF were greater in EEA/AL ET mobilization than in ST-CTM/EEA without ET mobilization (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively). Combining the EEA with the more laterally and superiorly originating ST-CTM approach allows greater exposure of the infrapetrous and ventral JF regions while obviating the need for mobilizing the ET. The surgical freedom afforded by the combined approaches is greater than that obtained by EEA alone.

Path planning techniques for mobile robots: Review and prospect

Mobile robot path planning refers to the design of the safely collision-free path with shortest distance and least time-consuming from the starting point to the end point by a mobile robot autonomously. In this paper, a systematic review of mobile robot path planning techniques is presented. Firstly, path planning is classified into global path planning and local path planning according to the mastery of environmental information. In the global path planning, environment modeling methods and path evaluation method are introduced. The methods of environment modeling include grid method, topology method, geometric feature method and mixed representation method. In the local path planning, we introduce the sensors commonly used in the detection environment, including laser radar and visual sensor. Next, according to the characteristics of algorithms, mobile robot path planning algorithms are divided into three categories: classical algorithms, bionic algorithms and artificial intelligence algorithms. Among the classical algorithms, we introduce the cell decomposition method, sampling based method, graph search algorithm, artificial potential field method and dynamic window method. In the algorithm based on bionics, we introduce genetic algorithm, ant colony algorithm, gray wolf algorithm, etc. in detail. In artificial intelligence algorithm, we introduce neural network algorithm and fuzzy logic. Finally, we compare the key technologies of mobile robot path planning in the form of graphs and charts based on the classification statistics of the collected literature to provide references for future research.