Mobile Tablets Research Articles

The Relationship between Language and Technology: How Screen Time Affects Language Development in Early Life-A Systematic Review.

Screen time refers to the amount of time a child is exposed to a screen, that is, television, computer, smartphone, or any other digital medium. Prolonged screen time in the first years of life may affect a child's cognitive abilities, especially language acquisition. A systematic review was conducted, following the PRISMA-P guidelines, with the aim to explore the available literature relating to the impact of screen time on children's language development. This review identified 18 articles. The articles reviewed showed that prolonged screen time and exposure to screens in the first 2 years of life can negatively affect language development and communication skills, in terms of comprehension and vocabulary range. In addition, overexposure to screens in the early years can affect overall cognitive development, especially attention to environmental stimuli, social experiences, problem solving, and communication with others, e.g., the alternance of rhythms and roles in a conversation. In conclusion, our systematic review supports the idea that preschool screen time has negative effects on children's cognitive and language development. Television seems to be the medium most detrimental to children's skills, as it is used in a passive manner and is often characterised by language and content that do not suit the child's processing mode. Future studies should increasingly focus on the digital media that children possess at an early age, such as mobile phones and tablets, and on how children relate to the online world, such as social networks.

Audience’s Perceived Expectancy and Authenticity of Classical Music Performance by Digital Musical Instrument Mobile Apps

Classical music is characterized by its standardized practices and established patterns of audience behavior. Recent advancements in digital musical instrument (DMI) and mobile technology may potentially offer a means by which the art form can further evolve. This paper presents a study that aims to examine the audience’s perception of classical music concerts performed by ensembles using DMI mobile apps and tablets. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a questionnaire survey administered to audiences (N = 141) attending a classical music concert featuring repertoire performed by DMI mobile apps ensembles, as well as semi-structured interviews conducted with a subset of participants (n = 13). The survey results revealed significant, strong, and positive correlations between participants’ enjoyment of listening to classical music, frequency of attending classical music concerts, expectancy, and authenticity. The interviews addressed relevant issues, such as differences in ensemble and instrumental practices, timbral quality, and the capabilities of DMI mobile apps. While there were negative perceptions regarding expressive body movements, emotional expression, and interaction among performers, positive feedback regarding the use of DMI mobile apps affirmed the potential to introduce innovative pedagogical approaches in school music education, cultivate a younger audience base, and bring fresh ideas to this genre.

Iterative magnitude pruning-based light-version of AlexNet for skin cancer classification

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with different architectures have shown promising results in skin cancer diagnosis. However, CNN has a high computational cost, which makes the need for a light version of CNN a desirable step. This version can be used on small devices, such as mobile phones or tablets. A light version can be created using pruning techniques. In this study, iterative magnitude pruning (IMP) is utilized. This method depends on pruning the network iteratively. The IMP method is applied on AlexNet with transfer learning (TL) and data augmentation. The proposed IMP AlexNet with TL is applied on three different skin cancer datasets which are PAD-UFES-20, MED-NODE, and PH2 dataset. The datasets used are a combination of smartphone, dermoscopic, and non-dermoscopic images. Different CNN versions are applied on the same datasets for comparison with IMP AlexNet. The CNNs used are VGG-16, ShuffleNet, SqueezNet, DarkNet-19, DarkNet-53, and Inception-v3. The proposed IMP AlexNet achieved accuracies of 97.62%, 96.79%, and 96.75%, with accuracy losses of 1.53%, 2.3%, and 2.2%, respectively, compared to the original AlexNet. In addition, the proposed IMP AlexNet requires less running time and memory usage than the traditional AlexNet. The average running time for IMP AlexNet is 0.45 min, 0.28 min, and 0.3 min, for PAD-UFES-20, MED-NODE, and PH2 datasets, respectively. The average RAM usage with IMP AlexNet is 1.8 GB, 1.6 GB, and 1.7 GB, respectively. IMP AlexNet accelerates the average running time by approximately 15 times that of the traditional AlexNet and reduces the average RAM used by 40%.

Enforcement of Online Gambling Laws

Background and Aim: Nowadays, technological evolution has developed greatly. The lives of the people in society are all dependent on technology, especially through the Internet. Whether searching for information communicating Various transactions or even for entertainment etc. The development of technology for transmitting information by multimedia media, such as the use of text, audio, images, videos, graphics moving graphics, etc., is a channel for more business services. It can be said that the Internet network, despite many advantages in Various conveniences but there are still has many disadvantages as well. One service that is currently popular in online society and will be studied to determine the issues is providing a service for playing or downloading online games or online social games. Whether through a web browser, such as games on Facebook, or through an application on a mobile phone which may be related to gambling on the Internet, also known as online game gambling. The paper aims to solve the problem of gambling which is considered a threat to peace and order and internal security. However, after the promulgation of the Gambling Act. The latest amendment was No. 8 in the year 1962 and is still in effect today. without any additional amendments made in any way Although there were attempts to revise the Gambling Act again in 2011, the Gambling Bill was eventually dropped. Because the parliament was dissolved that year. As a result, the Gambling Act B.E. 2478 has not been amended again. For a period of up to 58 years, the obsolescence of such laws resulted in inefficient enforcement. In addition, in terms of content in some sections, there are inconsistencies with social conditions. The economy and the current changing situation. Materials and Methods: The objective is to analyze the scope of the legal application of the Gambling Act B.E. 2478 in terms of definitions. Determination of offense bases and penalties Agencies with the authority to prevent and suppress gambling including various measures related to gambling Along with proposing appropriate ways to solve such problems, and in this research article, the author uses a method to analyze the meaning and characteristics of online social games in the form of gambling games. Analyzing which games are classified as an offense or not as an offense of gambling on the Internet, both in terms of Thai and foreign laws, as well as analyzing the determination of the offense base and penalties for those who organized it. To play and people who play online social games in the form of gambling. Including the establishment of an agency to control and inspect the types of online social games that may be considered gambling to inspect the content of online games. Especially online social games that can be played through websites. or downloaded through an application from a mobile phone or tablet, which is difficult to verify suitability. Results: From research, it was found that to make law enforcement more efficient and to amend gambling laws to be in line with current social conditions as much as possible. Conclusion: From the research results, it was found that The Gambling Act, gambling on the Internet gamblers Organizer of gambling and equipment used in gambling Amendment to the base of offenses and penalties of offenders about being a player The organizer of both gambling in general and gambling on the Internet. Enactment of a provision to protect children and young people from gambling. as well as the establishment of a specific regulatory body for gambling This is so that it can be adapted to the case of playing online social games that are similar to gambling. In addition, other measures have been set. including technical measures Government measures and social measures to effectively control and suppress gambling on the Internet.

A novel mobile phone and tablet application for automatized calculation of pain extent

BackgroundPain drawings (PDs) are used for assessing pain extent as a complementary outcome to other pain measurements, consisting of shading a body chart template to report the location and extent of pain. However, the accuracy and reliability of digital PDs remain controversial due to the heterogeneity of methods used. This study aimed to develop an easy-to-use application for assessing its diagnostic accuracy in comparison with the classic paper-and-pencil method. Methods: A test-retest reliability study was conducted, recruiting 95 patients with musculoskeletal pain symptoms. Participants shaded 2 sets of 3 different PDs (paper-and-pencil PD, digital PD using the finger and digital PD using the digital stylus). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement and minimal detectable changes (MDC) were calculated for each method. Finally, repeated measure analysis of variance assessed the mean differences between trials and methods and the convergent validity between methods was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: All methods were excellently reliable (all, ICC>0.94). However, digital PDs obtained higher ICCs (ICC≥0.970) and greater accuracy to detect whether changes reflect a real change and are not due to a measurement errors (MDC = 0.72%–0.80 % for digital PDs versus MDC = 1.13 % for paper-and-Pencil PDs). No significant score differences were found among the instruments for assessing pain extent (p > 0.05). Finally, the PAIN EXTENT app showed adequate convergent validity (r > 0.850). Conclusion: The PAIN EXTENT app is a fast and easy-to-use instrument compatible with operative systems and devices commonly used for assessing and monitoring pain extent in the clinical and research settings.

Utilization of Information Technology for Communication and Learning for Students with Hearing Impairments

Information technology (IT) is important to meet the needs of students with hearing disabilities in Indonesian special schools. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use and opinion of IT for communication and learning of students with hearing impairment in hearing impairment schools. IT in this study includes information devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, and tablets. This study used a stratified random sampling method to register the participants. Data were collected from 56 students with hearing loss using a self-administered questionnaire. The results found that most of these students knew about chat applications, for example, Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram, and face-to-face conversation applications. Furthermore, most of these students contact people with hearing problems by sending messages via Facebook, Line apps, and face-to-face. The main reason why they use IT is for convenience and general conversation. A study of opinions on the use of IT by students with hearing impairment found that most of them agreed that IT devices contributed to their participation in various activities, including conversations with their relatives and friends on social networks.

Shot Size Narration in the Mobile Media Era: Characteristics and Evolution

The world has embraced the mobile media era, with mobile phones now deemed indispensable in people’s lives. In public spaces, such as subway stations or cafes, it is ubiquitous to witness individuals engrossed in their mobile phones and tablets, while books were once the primary pastime for time-killing. The evolution of mobile media and mobile networks has revolutionized the way we perceive and create images. Shot size categorization stands as a vital component within the language of visual representation. The narrative essence of shot size classification has taken on fresh attributes in the mobile era, evolving in sync with contemporary trends into a novel form.

IoT-enabled system for monitoring and controlling vertical farming operations

In this paper, we present an internet of things (IoT) powered solution that facilitates effortless monitoring and management of vertical farming operations. Our proposed approach employs cost-effective embedded microcontrollers and sensors to keep a tab on crucial parameters like soil moisture, air humidity, and temperature. The data acquired from these sensors can be accessed through a web page that is compatible with all web browsers and smart gadgets such as mobile phones and tablets. Furthermore, the IoT platform offers users the ability to regulate soil moisture and administer ultraviolet light to plants. The system can bring many benefits such as enabling real-time monitoring and control of environmental conditions, reducing energy consumption, improving scalability and flexibility, and contributing to the sustainable and efficient production of food.

Low-frequency electric fields at smartphone surface

Mobile phones, tablets, and other devices with capacitive touchscreens are ubiquitous in modern society. Consequently, the battery health of such devices along with the potential public health impacts of their typical use is of high importance. Here, we investigate the AC electric field present near the touchscreen surface during device charging. Using a Trifield TF2 meter for magnitude and a Faraday pickup coil for frequency, we study the AC electric field at the surface of an Apple iPhone 8 mobile phone in the 0–200 kHz range, well below the uplink/downlink bands used for cellular signals. We find the addition of the frequency content throughout this range and with integrated magnitude of the order of 500 V/m rms under certain phone charging conditions. Our findings suggest that the field is being generated by the lithium-ion battery. We note also that these AC electric fields are not present when the device is charged from a portable power bank.

Socioeconomic Inequality in Screen Time, Phone, and Tablet Use among Iranian Adolescents: Results of A National Study.

Excessive screen time has been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate screen time and phone and tablet use in Iranian adolescents and their relation to the socioeconomic status of adolescents' families in 2018. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 10-12-year-old adolescents from Kurdistan, Fars, and Markazi provinces. Cluster sampling was used for sampling. Data were collected by completing demographic questionnaires, calculating the BMI of adolescents and phone and tablet use, screen time, and socioeconomic status of the families. We used linear and logistic regression to estimate the final model. The concentration index was used to measure inequality and the Oaxaca decomposition to examine the different determinants of the inequality. 1590 adolescents (52.58% boys) were enrolled in our study. Screen time activities were significantly higher in boys, older adolescents, higher BMIs, more educated mothers, and 35< year-old fathers (P < 0.05). The use of mobile phones and tablets was significantly higher among boys, ten-year-olds, families with four or fewer members, higher BMIs, adolescents with higher levels of parental education, and more educated mothers (P < 0.05). In addition, the concentration index for screen time activities (C = 0.083) and phone and tablet use (C = 0.536) showed that screen time and phone and tablet use activities were higher in adolescents with high socioeconomic status. Screen time, phone and tablet use were higher in adolescents with high socioeconomic status. Also, many other factors like gender, age, BMI, parents' education and age can affect screen time, phone and tablet use in adolescents.

The Role of Independent Repair in a Circular and Regenerative Economy

AbstractThe focus on the transition to a circular economy has contributed to a growing research interest in repair. This paper investigates the role of independent repair, which consists of individuals, organisations, or businesses engaged in the repair of products without formal authorisation of the brand owners of these products. Repair—and independent repair in particular—is critical in achieving a paradigm shift that is anchored in regenerative sustainability. Especially in the electrical and electronics equipment sector, independent repair is challenged by difficult or expensive access to spare parts and repair information. This paper focuses on the independent electronics repair sector in Oslo. We implemented twenty-five semi-structured interviews with repairers working in commercial independent repair shops, focusing on challenges and opportunities in independent repair. They repaired a wide variety of products: mobile phones, desktop computers, laptops, tablets, cameras, printers, e-mobility batteries, remote-controlled cars, drones, and white goods. The thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three main findings. The independent repair sector employs different business models and strategies to tackle the challenges related to accessing affordable and quality spare parts. Secondly, independent repair fills the gap between expensive authorised repair, mostly covered by warranty or insurance, and discarding a broken product. Thirdly, independent repair has contributed to a circular spare part economy, both locally and on a global level. In the discussion, we address how repair can be understood as a regenerative practice, as well as how policy and regulation of repair, both on an EU and national level, supports or undermines independent repair.

Cyber-attacks and digital security: A review

In today’s cyber world, information or data has the highest importance. So, it needs to be protected every time. The way we keep our valuable belongings in the locker on the same line data should be kept in the locker but at the same time it should be accessible whenever it is needed. But many a times, people who are part of this cyber world are not technical people. Information about users is being exchanged due to a growth in online communication utilizing various electronic devices including mobile phones, tablets, and other convenient forthcoming technologies. These links can make it simple to access the information of other users, which confirms the necessity of establishing trust and security in our everyday digital lives. Information security is the practice of using the proper procedural and technical controls to secure information and information systems, such as networks, data centers, and apps. This research study tries to give an overview of information security in terms of several methods for protecting data from threats and assaults.

An Artificial Intelligence Exercise Coaching Mobile App: Development and Randomized Controlled Trial to Verify Its Effectiveness in Posture Correction.

Insufficient physical activity due to social distancing and suppressed outdoor activities increases vulnerability to diseases like cardiovascular diseases, sarcopenia, and severe COVID-19. While bodyweight exercises, such as squats, effectively boost physical activity, incorrect postures risk abnormal muscle activation joint strain, leading to ineffective sessions or even injuries. Avoiding incorrect postures is challenging for novices without expert guidance. Existing solutions for remote coaching and computer-assisted posture correction often prove costly or inefficient. This study aimed to use deep neural networks to develop a personal workout assistant that offers feedback on squat postures using only mobile devices-smartphones and tablets. Deep learning mimicked experts' visual assessments of proper exercise postures. The effectiveness of the mobile app was evaluated by comparing it with exercise videos, a popular at-home workout choice. Twenty participants were recruited without squat exercise experience and divided into an experimental group (EXP) with 10 individuals aged 21.90 (SD 2.18) years and a mean BMI of 20.75 (SD 2.11) and a control group (CTL) with 10 individuals aged 22.60 (SD 1.95) years and a mean BMI of 18.72 (SD 1.23) using randomized controlled trials. A data set with over 20,000 squat videos annotated by experts was created and a deep learning model was trained using pose estimation and video classification to analyze the workout postures. Subsequently, a mobile workout assistant app, Home Alone Exercise, was developed, and a 2-week interventional study, in which the EXP used the app while the CTL only followed workout videos, showed how the app helps people improve squat exercise. The EXP significantly improved their squat postures evaluated by the app after 2 weeks (Pre: 0.20 vs Mid: 4.20 vs Post: 8.00, P=.001), whereas the CTL (without the app) showed no significant change in squat posture (Pre: 0.70 vs Mid: 1.30 vs Post: 3.80, P=.13). Significant differences were observed in the left (Pre: 75.06 vs Mid: 76.24 vs Post: 63.13, P=.02) and right (Pre: 71.99 vs Mid: 76.68 vs Post: 62.82, P=.03) knee joint angles in the EXP before and after exercise, with no significant effect found for the CTL in the left (Pre: 73.27 vs Mid: 74.05 vs Post: 70.70, P=.68) and right (Pre: 70.82 vs Mid: 74.02 vs Post: 70.23, P=.61) knee joint angles. EXP participants trained with the app experienced faster improvement and learned more nuanced details of the squat exercise. The proposed mobile app, offering cost-effective self-discovery feedback, effectively taught users about squat exercises without expensive in-person trainer sessions. Clinical Research Information Service KCT0008178 (retrospectively registered); https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/24006.

Research of ways to improve the effectiveness of remote sales in pharmacies

Aim. To audit the websites of pharmacy chains to identify the main problems and directions for improving the effectiveness of the sale of medicines using information and communication systems remotely.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The content analysis, desk research methods, logical summarization of results, and the graphic method were used to achieve the goal. Data from website analytics were used for the analysis.&#x0D; Results. Six sites of pharmacy chains in Ukraine have been analyzed. It has been found that on average one user views three pages per session, the duration of the session is one minute on average, and the buyer on average collects a basket of four products in the amount of UAH 300. It has been determined that the main login pages are: product page, product list, and main page. It has been determined that search is a key feature of product selection and is used in 15 % of all sessions. It has been found that in 70 % of cases, mobile devices are used, desktops are used in on average in 26 % of cases, and tablets are used in 4 % of cases. It has been determined that, on average, twice as many conversions are made through the desktop than when using mobile devices and tablets. For the analysis, the most common scenarios of user behavior on the pharmacy chain sites have been selected. While implementing the most frequent errors on websites have been identified, when the interface does not respond to important requests of consumers, which affects their purchase decisions. The analysis and systematization of the main errors on the websites of pharmacy chains have been carried out; recommendations for their elimination have been formulated. This will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of information support for electronic sales of pharmacies in accordance with the requirements of proper pharmacy practice, will affect the customer loyalty and the economic indicators of the activity of pharmacies. &#x0D; Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that usability errors and factors contributing to growth should not be underestimated since they can significantly affect conversion rates; even a slight rapid change can improve the site’s KPIs; it is necessary to make the interface equally user-friendly on different devices.

Android Based College App Using Flutter Dart

In today's world, communication and information sharing between teachers and students have increasingly shifted to online platforms such as Google Classroom, Gmail, Google Forms, WhatsApp, and more. To address the diverse needs of educational institutions, we developed an app that supports all devices, including mobile phones, laptops, and tablets. The Android app for mobile and tablet websites supports all devices seamlessly. This app provides comprehensive information on attendance, examination schedules, lecture notes, fee details, event notifications, and online tests, catering to all the requirements of the institution. We developed this app using the latest technology, including Flutter and Dart, with Firebase integration. Additionally, we created a web application that is easily accessible via desktops. This website, along with the app, is connected to the same Firebase server, ensuring synchronized data access. The institute has taken a step further by developing its own Android application and website to enhance efficient communication with its students. These platforms are exclusively accessible and available to authorized users associated with the institute, ensuring privacy and security.

Short-lived product returns forecasting when customers are unwilling to return the product: A grey-graphical evaluation and review technique

Consumer electronics, such as mobile phones, laptops, and tablets, encounter the challenge of short product life cycles due to the rapid advancement of technology, marketing models, and rapidly changing consumer tastes. This study attempts to provide a forecasting model for a short-lived product for closed-loop supply chain planning. Importantly, we model the setting where the customers prefer to store the product instead of returning it for various reasons such as security and secondary use. We proposed a generic method that can be implemented for any technology-driven product's returns and remanufacturing process. We used the Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique to calculate the probability and quantity of product returns, the quantity of modules, parts, materials, and disposal. Then, we employed the Grey-Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique to calculate the expected time interval for core returns and the expected interval for the availability of module/parts/material for reconditioning/ remanufacturing of the product. An illustrative case study demonstrates the results of the forecasting model. Further, we analyzed the effect of customers' unwillingness to return the product on the reverse network. Our analysis asserts that the customer storing an end-of-use product has a greater impact on the probability of overall product return. Our analysis found that when customers tend to return the product instead of storing it for secondary use, the equivalence probability of returns can increase up to 91 %. In addition, we also address the effect of product return on the “ecological rucksack” of mobile phones. This can help policymakers design hassle-free return experiences and attractive customer incentives.

Discrimination in Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesian Higher Education

Objective: Discrimination has been significant in the COVID-19 pandemic in online learning in universities, as it affects the availability of technological devices, the training of human resources, student and parent literacy rates and institutional training.&#x0D; &#x0D; Method: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this article aims to identify and analyze the causes of forms of discrimination occurring in Indonesian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through interviews with students, teachers and parents, taking into account their characteristics, situations and particular cultures.&#x0D; &#x0D; Result: The study shows that differences in the social groups and classes of university students and mothers structured their possibilities to study online in higher education in the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences between social class have consequences on the use of online learning in the COVID-19 pandemic at the level of discrimination. Existing structural differences are an important factor in interpreting the discriminatory reality of online learning in Indonesian higher education.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: Three important factors were identified as the cause of this discrimination: limited availability of mobile devices, smartphones, tablets, laptops, signals, data packets and Internet network services; lack of technological literacy among learners and parents hampers the ability to participate; and lack of institutional training to learn online.

Factors influencing the prevalence of cervical cancer screening in Malaysia: a nationwide survey

BackgroundIn 2020, cervical cancer ranked fourth in terms of both frequency of diagnosis and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Among Malaysian women, it was the third most prevalent form of cancer. Published data on nationally representative cervical cancer screening in Malaysia have been limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of receiving a Pap smear test in the past three years, its relationship with socio-demographic factors and physical activity.MethodsUsing a subset of survey data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019, a secondary data analysis was performed. Trained research assistants collected data through face-to-face method using a mobile tablet questionnaire system application. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors, physical activity, and cervical cancer screening. The analyses were conducted using STATA version 14 (Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA), accounting for sample weighs and complex sampling design.ResultsThe analysis included 5,650 female respondents, representing an estimated 10.3 million Malaysian female adults aged 18 and above. Overall, 35.2% (95%CI 33.2, 37.4) respondents had a Pap smear test within the past three years. Respondents who were physically active were 1.41 times more likely to have a Pap smear test. Similarly, respondents aged 35–59 (OR 1.84; 95%CI 1.46, 2.34) and those living in rural localities (OR 1.38; 95%CI 1.13, 1.70) had higher odds of receiving a Pap smear test. Compared to married respondents, single respondents (OR 0.04; 95%CI 0.02, 0.07) and widowed/divorcee respondents (OR 0.72; 95%CI 0.56, 0.82) were less likely to receive a Pap smear test. Educated respondents were more likely to have had a Pap smear test.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of cervical cancer screening in Malaysia remains low (35.2%). Efforts should be made to strengthen health promotion programs and policies in increasing awareness on the significance of cervical cancer screening. These initiatives should specifically target younger women, single women, and widowed/divorced individuals. The higher cervical screening uptake among rural women should be studied further, and the enabling factors in the rural setup should be emulated in urban areas whenever possible.

Use of an educational video with mobile technology for the informed consent process: A randomised controlled trial on patients undergoing surgery for an impacted lower third molar

The purpose of this study was to determine whether audiovisual presentation of consent information would significantly improve patients’ postoperative recall of risks and complications regarding surgical removal of impacted lower third molars compared to the presentation of traditional written consent information. A randomised controlled study on 59 patients undergoing third molar removal was conducted. Patients in the intervention group (n = 30) viewed an educational video on risks and complications related to surgery using mobile tablets. Control-group patients (n = 29) received written information of the risks and complications. Patients’ postoperative recall of potential risks for dysesthesia of the lower lip and tongue, infection, and bleeding along with surgical complications of facial oedema, trismus, and pain were assessed using true-false tests. The effect of audiovisual information on postoperative recall of the risks and complications was determined by comparing accuracy scores between the intervention group and control group using the independent t-test. The intervention group was found to have significantly better recall scores of the potential risks and complications, due to much higher accuracy in their recall of bleeding and dysesthesia of the lower lip and/or tongue, compared to the control group [mean (SD) 4.70 (0.94) vs 3.76 (1.50), p = 0.003]. The use of an educational video played on mobile tablets rather than a written pamphlet may lead to better understanding of the informed consent process in patients.

Secure cryptographic communication using ultrasound audio for frictionless payment transactions and secure conversations over a short-range human audible/inaudible spectrum

Background: The aim of the study was to address these challenges by leveraging ultrasound audio as a means for secure cryptographic communication. By utilizing the human audible and inaudible audio spectrum, this approach eliminates the reliance on specialized hardware or traditional network technologies, such as bluetooth, wi-fi, NFC, or RF-based alternatives. Methods: Various mobile phones, tablets, and POS hardware devices with basic microphones and speakers were employed to test the communication channel's performance. The sensitivity of the devices in different environments, such as retail stores or crowded venues like stadiums, was taken into account. Results: The results demonstrated the viability of the proposed secure cryptographic communication using ultrasound audio. Transactions, including payment processing, were successfully conducted without the need for specialized hardware or network connectivity. Conclusions: The proposed solution offers a reliable and cost-effective method for proximity detection, verification, and frictionless transactions. By leveraging the human audible and inaudible audio spectrum, this technology eliminates the need for specialized hardware or traditional network connectivity.