Mobile Scanning Research Articles

Zoom Interview with Sungji Oh, October 24, 2020

Zoom Interview with Sungji Oh, October 24, 2020 Victoria Duckett (bio) and Sungji Oh victoria duckett (vd): Thank you, Sungji, for agreeing to this Zoom interview. I wanted to begin by asking what your role is at the Korean Film Archive.1 sungji oh (so): I've been working for the Korean Film Archive for a long time—for eighteen years. I began in 2002. I am currently head of the archive's cinematheque team. So my team works with cinema screenings and projects such as our Cinema on Wheels project. My team, the cinematheque team, is in charge of our two movie theaters. These screen two to three films every day, except Monday. My team consists of four curators for the theater programs (I am also one of these), three projectionists working in the projection booth, one theater manager, three people working in the ticket booth, as well as six people in the Cinema on Wheels project. Altogether, there are seventeen employees on my team. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. The Korean Film Archive in Seoul, South Korea. vd: That is quite a lot, isn't it? so: Yes. We work across three theaters. The largest theater seats 326 people, but right now, due to COVID-19, we have only opened 100 seats for the public. The second largest theater has 156 seats, and the third theater has around 46 seats. We don't usually use this theater for screenings. It's for seminars and lectures—for small-sized events. vd: Am I correct in understanding that there's only one theater that is now open? The largest one? Did this open recently? so: Yes. The largest theater opened two weeks ago. It has been largely shut since the last week of February. It was opened briefly for one week in May. When we reopened on August 15, we had to close down again just a week or two later. This was due to government policy. The government set up the three-tier social distancing scheme in Korea, but we never had total lockdown. From time to time, we had to work from home every other day. This occurred when social distancing level reached tier 2. In these phases, we could access our computer from home, so I didn't have any difficulties when I worked from home. However, some of my colleagues working in the projection booth, ticket booth, museum information desk, and in the library had to be transferred temporarily [End Page 248] to other teams, such as the preservation and acquisition teams. Also, some people in charge of inspecting materials couldn't undertake some work when they couldn't come into the office. vd: When you opened the theater during these short periods, how did you respond to coronavirus? What did you do? so: We are a public institution, supervised by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (we are not a national institution, but our budget comes from the Korean government), and so we follow the government's rules. As I just mentioned, we reduced seating in our theater from 326 seats to just 100. So there were two seats between viewers. Also, everybody here is wearing masks. When you enter the building, there is also a body temperature check. vd: Does one of your staff members have to check people's temperatures? so: Yes, but we use a body scanner, a mobile scanner, that tests whether you have a normal temperature or a fever. vd: Did you have many people come in May or June who had a high fever? so: No. But we didn't have a large audience. vd: Were people a little fearful of coming to the theater? so: Yes. vd: If I understand correctly, this means that you had to shift some of your programs online. so: Yes. My team had to shift to online programs. Even now, in these changed circumstances, we managed two programs. One program shows independent short films, and the other is focused on American presidential election programs. Currently the short films feature work by the Safdie brothers.2 vd: That's interesting. so: Yes, you can watch these eight wonderful documentaries online...

Closure to “Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling” by Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Perry Forsythe, and Sara Shirowzhan

Closure to “Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling” by Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Perry Forsythe, and Sara Shirowzhan

Discussion of “Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling” by Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Perry Forsythe, and Sara Shirowzhan

Discussion of “Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling” by Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Perry Forsythe, and Sara Shirowzhan

A Comparison of Composite Specimens Damage area Measurements Performed using Pulsed Thermography and Ultrasonic NDT Methods

Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are widely used in aerospace structures due to their high stiffness, strength and good fatigue properties. They are however vulnerable to loads perpendicular to their plane and, while impacted, can suffer significant internal damage decreasing their overall strength. Detecting and sizing such damage is an important task of the non-destructive inspection (NDI) methods. This study was conducted to detect and quantify damage in a set of six impacted even rectangular CFRP specimens designed from a MiG-29 vertical stabilizer’s skin. The inspection was done using the ultrasonic (UT) method (based on mobile scanner – MAUS V) and the pulsed infrared thermographic (IRT) method. Each specimen’s inside and outside (impacted) surface was inspected separately with IRT, while the outside surface was then inspected with UT. UT provided the most precise measurements of the damage area, while the IRT inspection of the outside surface (which would be accessible on a real aircraft structure) provided underestimated values due to the damage’s depth and geometry.

Simultaneous, radiation-free registration of the dentoalveolar position and the face by combining 3D photography with a portable scanner and impression-taking

ObjectivesSimultaneous, radiation-free registration of the teeth and the upper and lower jaw positions in relation to the extraoral soft tissue could improve treatment planning and documentation. The purpose of this study is to describe a workflow to solve this form of registration and surface acquisition with a mobile device.MethodsFacial scans of ten healthy participants were taken using a blue-light LED 3D scanner (Artec® Space Spider; Artec® Group; Luxembourg). An impression of the maxillary dentoalveolar arch was taken simultaneously to the 3D photo using a modified impression tray with two different extraoral registration geometries (sphere vs. cross). Following, an impression of the mandibular dentoalveolar arch was taken once. Both impressions were scanned with the 3D scanner. All resulting standard tesselation language (.stl) files of the geometries were compared to the original, virtual .stl files and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were calculated for each surface (Artec Studio 13 Professional × 64; Artec® Group; Luxembourg) to determine which geometry serves as a better reference for intra-extraoral registration.ResultsThe RMSE between the original geometries and the scanned counterfeits were statistically lower for spherical geometries (p < 0.008). Once scanned and aligned, both geometries enabled an alignment of the intra- and extraoral scan. However, the spherical geometries showed virtually better results without significance (p = 0.70).ConclusionsThe presented study provides a radiation-free solution for simultaneous dentoalveolar correlations in relation to the extraoral soft tissue. Spherical geometries achieved more precise and easier intra-extraoral alignments using the applied mobile 3D scanner and workflow.

Design and Development of a Mobile Robotic CT System for Intraoperative Use

This paper presents the design of a mobile robotic computed tomography (CT) system for intraoperative use. In particular, this paper presents a novel gantry mechanism and a novel mechanism generating isocentric motions. The developed system mechanically consists of a gantry and a mobile robotic body. The gantry contains the X-ray modules and has an opening mechanism that enables full 360 ${^\circ }$ rotation. The robotic body is capable of one vertical and two isocentric rotational motions used to position the gantry. Unlike existing C-arms and mobile CT scanners, each isocentric motion is achieved using a single-DOF mechanism. With these robotic motions, the mobile robotic CT system can be used intraoperatively in both CT and fluoroscopic imaging modes. The mobile platform enables installation and removal of the device from a surgical bed. The performance of the proposed system was investigated using a laser tracking system. Experimental results show that no significant vibrations or position deviations of the X-ray modules were observed during the CT scanning motion.

Semantic Interpretation of Mobile Laser Scanner Point Clouds in Indoor Scenes Using Trajectories

The data acquisition with Indoor Mobile Laser Scanners (IMLS) is quick, low-cost and accurate for indoor 3D modeling. Besides a point cloud, an IMLS also provides the trajectory of the mobile scanner. We analyze this trajectory jointly with the point cloud to support the labeling of noisy, highly reflected and cluttered points in indoor scenes. An adjacency-graph-based method is presented for detecting and labeling of permanent structures, such as walls, floors, ceilings, and stairs. Through occlusion reasoning and the use of the trajectory as a set of scanner positions, gaps are discriminated from real openings in the data. Furthermore, a voxel-based method is applied for labeling of navigable space and separating them from obstacles. The results show that 80% of the doors and 85% of the rooms are correctly detected, and most of the walls and openings are reconstructed. The experimental outcomes indicate that the trajectory of MLS systems plays an essential role in the understanding of indoor scenes.

Evaluation of Terrestrial and Mobile Scanner Technologies for Part-Built Information Modeling

AbstractThe focus of this paper is on the relatively under explored area of partially completed (part-built) information modeling because this can assist during on-site construction processes. Addi...

MA03.01 Manchester Lung Cancer Screening: Results of the First Incidence Screening Round

The European position on lung cancer (LC) screening has recommended planning for implementation to commence throughout Europe (1). The Manchester lung cancer screening pilot is one of the first real world implementation projects to take place in Europe and to publish baseline results (2). In this abstract we share, for the first time, the results from the first incidence screening round of the Manchester pilot. The methodology and results of the baseline round of the Manchester screening pilot have been published previously (2). In brief, ever smokers, aged 55-74, from deprived areas of Manchester were invited to a free ‘Lung Health Check’ (LHC) in mobile units located at their local shopping centres. The PLCOm2012 LC risk stratification model was incorporated into the LHC and those at high risk of LC (PLCOm2012 ≥1.51%) were offered immediate LDCT in a co-located mobile scanner. At baseline, 75% of attendees were ranked in the lowest deprivation quintile; 56% were at high risk and 1384 screened with LDCT. 3% had LC diagnosed of which 80% were early stage (I+II) and 90% offered curative treatment. In this round of screening, all high risk individuals screened at baseline with no subsequent diagnosis of LC (screening or non-screening) were invited back for an annual LDCT scan at the same community locations. Exclusion criteria included death, other malignancies under follow-up and CT thorax within 3-months of due screening date. National and GP specific registries were checked for interval LC diagnosis. A total of 1,194 LDCT scans were performed as part of the first incidence round of screening. Overall 28 (2.3%) individuals received a positive scan result and were referred to the MDT. Of these, 18 (1.5%) individuals were diagnosed with LC of which 78% (n=14/18) were lower stage (I-II) and 89% (n=16/18) offered curative treatment. The false positive rate was 0.8% of the screened population as a whole and 36% of those with a positive scan result. There were no interval LCs diagnosed at one year. The cumulative LC detection rate over the first 12 months of the programme was 4.3% (n=60/1384) of which 80% (n=51/64) were stage I-II. Annual LDCT screening of high risk individuals in this real world lung cancer screening implementation project continues to identify a significant number of early stage lung cancers amenable to curative treatment. No interval lung cancers were diagnosed at one year suggesting the baseline selection criteria for screening was appropriate.

Certificate of Need Regulation and Hospital Behavior: Evidence from MRIs in North Carolina

Certificate of Need (CON) regulations — restrictions on capital investment — are a key feature of the regulatory environment facing the US hospital industry, yet there is remarkably little evidence on how these regulations affect hospital investment and patient care in practice. In this paper, I use newly collected data on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) market in North Carolina and patient-level Medicare claims data to estimate the dynamic effects of marginal relaxations of CON restrictions on provider investment and patient care. Using a regression discontinuity approach that takes advantage of regulatory approval thresholds, I document two sets of key findings. First, CON regulations are a binding constraint on hospital investment. In response to this constraint, there is an active market for unregulated mobile MRI scanners that enable health care providers to mitigate the impact of CON restrictions. Second, CON rules affect not only hospital investment but also restricts utilization of MRI scans. In a specific case, CON regulations reduce the number of scans patients with low back pain receive, reducing medical spending by roughly $400. There is no evidence that this decrease in the intensity of care comes at the cost of increased future low back pain.

In situ macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning as a non-invasive tool to probe for subsurface modifications in paintings by P.P. Rubens

Within the last decade, the established synchrotron- and laboratory-based micro-XRF scanning technology inspired the development of mobile instruments that allow performing in situ experiments on paintings on a macro scale. Since the development of the first mobile scanner at the start of this decade, this chemical imaging technique has brought new insights with respect to several iconic paintings, especially in cases when standard imaging techniques such as X-Ray Radiography (XRR) or Infrared Reflectography (IRR) yielded ambiguous results. The ability of scanning MA-XRF to visualise the distribution of elements detected at and below the paint surface renders this spectrometric method particularly helpful for studying painting techniques and revealing materials that remain hidden below the paint surface. The latter aspect is especially relevant for the technical study of works by Pieter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) as this highly productive seventeenth century master is particularly renowned for the continuous application of modifications during (and even after) the entire course of the creative process. In this work, the added value of MA-XRF scanning experiments for visualising these subsurface features is exemplified by interpreting the chemical images obtained on three of Rubens' key works. Special attention is given to three types of adjustments that are particularly relevant for the technical study of Rubens' oeuvre: (1) compositional changes (‘pentimenti’), exemplified by results obtained on The Portrait of Hélène Fourment (ca. 1638), (2) extensions to the support (‘Anstückungen’), illustrated by imaging experiments performed on the Venus Frigida (1614) and (3) Rubens' intriguing halos around flesh tones, as found amongst others in The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (1613). The ensuing insights in the paint stratigraphy and the underlying supporting structure illustrate the potential of MA-XRF scanning for the non-invasive, comparative study of Rubens' oeuvre. The results do not only augment the understanding of the complex genesis of Rubens' works of art and his efficient painting technique, but prove valuable during conservation treatments as well, as addressed in this paper.

Research on Calibration Method of Vehicle Mapping System based on Special Target

In order to obtain the high-accuracy 3d data of roads and buildings, it is necessary to calibrate the relative parameters of the vehicle mapping system named MMS. At present, there are many disadvantages in most of the methods used in system calibration, such as the calibration points can not be picked with high precision, absolute precision is low and the method is hard to use. The paper explored a kind of rapid, convenient and accurate method of calibrate the relative parameters of the mobile mapping system. The analysis of precision experiments show that this method can make up for the shortcomings, applicability and practicability of the method compared with the traditional method. The overall level of precision is 0.05 m below the elevation accuracy reaches 0.06 m below. The accuracy and applicability of this method is fully satisfied with the precision requirement of the mobile's scanning system.

A truly mobile scanner

A truly mobile scanner

Hidden library: visualizing fragments of medieval manuscripts in early-modern bookbindings with mobile macro-XRF scanner

This experiment demonstrates the large potential of macro-XRF imaging for the visualization of fragments of medieval manuscripts hidden in early–modern bookbindings. The invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century made manuscripts obsolete and bookbinders started recycling their strong parchment leaves to reinforce bindings of printed books. One in roughly every five early-modern books contains a fragment of a medieval manuscript hidden underneath the bookbinding. Systematically investigating these fragments will provide scholars with valuable information about transmission and variant readings of medieval texts. Four case studies were scanned with a Bruker M6 Jetstream mobile XRF scanner. We were able to visualize hidden texts underneath black paint, paper and parchment at such a high resolution that they could be read and dated. One of the findings was an early twelfth-century excerpt of a text by the Venerable Bede in a sixteenth-century bookbinding. In addition, we were able to separately visualize the lower and upper text of a famous palimpsest. The main limitation of the current set-up is the scanning time, which took anywhere between 6 and 66 h. In order to systematically employ macro-XRF for researching medieval fragments, the scanning time needs to be decreased. Nonetheless, this experiment shows that the macro-XRF technique is extremely suitable for visualizing fragments of medieval manuscripts in a non-destructive way in order to read, date and localize them.

Self-Scanning and Self-Control: A Field Experiment on Real-Time Feedback and Shopping Behavior

Payment and checkout at retail stores is increasingly being replaced by automated systems. One recent technological invention in this area is mobile self-scanning in which customers carry a mobile scanner while shopping. Mobile self-scanners give real-time feedback on spending. The device increases price saliency and enables customers to keep track of the total amount spent. Using a field experiment, we test if mobile self-scanning affects shopping behavior. Consumers of two grocery stores were allocated randomly to use a mobile self-scanner or not. Overall, we find that using the self-scanner has a negative but insignificant effect on total amount spent. However, the response to using the scanner is heterogeneous and for customers with low self-control, it significantly reduces both their spending and number of items bought when using the mobile scanner. Moreover, we find that consumers with low self-control are more likely to use the self-scanner than individuals with high self-control. Taken together, our results suggest that sophisticated individuals, that is, individuals who are aware of their self-control problem, use the scanner to control their spending.

Analysis of Geospatial Information about Submergence Area using UAV

A growing number of people are using laser scanner for gathering data in relation to interior space. Laser scanner is able to reduce the required amount of time and labor while generating high-density point cloud. Hence, it is increasingly used in various applications, including construction of indoor three-dimensional model, measurement of inner structure deformation and maintenance and management of deformation of buildings. In this study, point cloud data about cave was generated by making use of the mobile hand scanner created based on SLAM technology. Moreover, this study aimed to produce a cross-section of the cave with this mobile hand scanner in order to prove its applicability. As a result, the geospatial information about 2km long cave could be constructed effectively with 30-minute data acquisition. Moreover, the cross-section of the cave was generated for proving the effectiveness of this mobile scanner. It would be possible to monitor the changes inside the cave with a periodic data acquisition. Also, the data acquired through mobile scanning would be of great help in constructing geospatial information.

Effective energy measurement using radiochromic film: application of a mobile scanner

Abstract The effective energy calculated using the half-value layer (HVL) is an important parameter for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC). However constant monitoring has not been performed because measurements using an ionization chamber (IC) are time-consuming and complicated. To solve these problems, a method using radiochromic film (GAFCHROMIC EBT2 dosimetry film (GAF-EBT2) with slight energy dependency errors), a mobile scanner and step-shaped aluminum (SSAl) filter is developed. The results of the method using a mobile scanner were compared with those of the recommended method using an IC in order to evaluate its applicability. The difference ratios of the effective energies by each method using a mobile scanner with GAF-EBT2 were less than 5% compared with results of an IC. It is considered that this method offers a simple means of determining HVL for QA and QC consistently and quickly without the need for an IC dosimeter.

Construction of Geospatial Information about Cave using Mobile Handheld Scanner

Many people are using laser scanner for gathering data in relation to indoor space. Laser scanner is able to reduce the required amount of time and labor while generating high-density point cloud. Hence, it is increasingly used in various applications, including construction of indoor three-dimensional model, measurement of inner structure deformation and maintenance and management of deformation of buildings. The purpose of this study was to generate point cloud data of a cave by making use of the mobile handheld scanner created based on SLAM technology. Moreover, this study aimed to produce a cross-section of the cave with this mobile handheld scanner in order to prove its applicability. As a result, the geospatial information about 2km long cave could be constructed effectively with 30-minute data acquisition. Moreover, the cross-section of the cave was generated for proving the effectiveness of this mobile scanner. It would be possible to monitor the changes inside the cave with a periodic data acquisition. Also, the data acquired through mobile scanning would be of great help in constructing geospatial information.

Express method of the quantitative determination of nitrites by computer colorimetry using new reagent compositions

The possibilities of using new reagent compositions based on diazo and azo dyestuff components that contain sulfonic groups are considered to determine nitrites in the presence of the contents of chlorides. New reagent compositions based on 1-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid in combination with 2,6- nitroorthanilic and 2,6-dichlorosulfanilic acids have been used to create indicator powders and indicator papers for the quantitative test determination of nitrite ions. Test methods based on sustainable indicator powders and indicator papers have been developed with the use of the ilPro portable spectrophotometer and PlustekSmartPhoto P60 compact mobile scanner combined with the Vuescan universal scan program. It has been shown that the sensitivity of the visual determination of nitrites in liquids using indicator papers is 0.5 mg/L. The sensitivity of the test method that uses indicator papers, the PlustekSmartPhoto P60 mobile scanner, and the ilPro portable spectrophotometer is 0.2 mg/L. Upon using the indicator powder and i1Pro portable spectrophotometer, the range of defined concentrations of nitrite ions is 0.01–5 mg/L.

Cervical pedicle screw placement using intraoperative computed tomography imaging with a mobile scanner gantry.

A multi-detector computed tomography (CT) imaging system with a mobile scanner gantry in the operating room can provide intraoperative reconstructed images with a high resolution. We devised a technique for cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement using the mobile CT system and evaluated the accuracy of this technique. Forty-eight patients who underwent cervical fixation using CPSs were prospectively enrolled in this study. Initial pedicle probing was performed approximately to the depth of the posterior aspect of the vertebral body using fluoroscopic lateral view, and a marking pin was put in place. Intraoperative CT images were obtained to confirm whether the position of the marking pin was accurate. After adequate modification of the trajectory was performed, an appropriately sized CPS was inserted. The accuracy of the CPS was evaluated using postoperative reconstructed CT images, and compared with a historical control group of 22 patients (CPS insertion using only fluoroscopy). A total of 193 CPSs were inserted. Intraoperative CT images demonstrated that 12.4% of the initial probings were not accurate, and modification of the trajectory was required. On postoperative CT, 92.7% of the CPSs were found to be placed accurately: the accuracy was significantly higher than the control group (80.9%). In the cases using intraoperative CT images, only 1.0% of the screws were judged to show grade 2 screw misplacement; no neurovascular complications associated with screw placement were observed. The technique of CPS placement using mobile CT was shown to be safe and effective in preventing catastrophic complications associated with CPS insertion.