Mobile Internet Connection Research Articles

Emergent Implications of the ‘Combined School’ Phenomenon: Lessons from the Upgraded Nangula Combined School in Limulunga District, Zambia

This study was conducted at Nangula Combined school in Limulunga District of Western Province, Zambia. It investigated the emergent implications of the ‘Combined School’ phenomenon through experiences of selected stakeholders of the said school using qualitative methodology and Case Study design. The study sample had 25 participants who were purposively sampled. Key findings of the study revealed that the school had experienced some slight positive changes in infrastructural development. The study also revealed that the introduction of senior secondary classes in the school had been appreciated by all stakeholders as it had reduced some distances that learners cover to access education. On a negative part, the study found that the school had a critical shortage of staff accommodation. The few available houses were in a dilapidated state. Inadequate desks, tables and chairs and weekly boarding facilities also characterized the experiences in this school. Further findings of this study were that the school was understaffed, especially at the primary section, which had three teachers only. Besides, the existence of both primary school trained teachers and secondary school trained teachers in one school enhanced the superiority and inferiority complexes. The school had an inadequate supply of teaching and learning resources coupled with the absence of specialized rooms, technology facilities like mobile network and internet connectivity. Thus, it is recommended that the government should embark on infrastructural development and provide adequately trained teachers. Provision of teaching and learning resources and more desks, chairs and tables should be a priority. It is important also to facilitate the upgrading of teachers who have acquired higher professional qualifications. To curb the inferiority and superiority perceptions that exists between the secondary trained teachers and the primary trained teachers, the study recommends that the two sections be split and work independently.

Fifteen minute consultation: When can I use a medical app?

Advances in mobile device technology and internet connectivity have created powerful new mobile health (mHealth) and telemedicine capabilities. The guidelines regarding mHealth use in the clinical environment can be conflicting,...

WI-FI CAPTIVE PORTLET IMPLEMENTING INTERNET OF EVERYTHING FOR TRIMEX COLLEGES INC

The purpose of this study is to create a framework and test model that will provide an internet connection in Trimex Colleges, located in Biñan City, Laguna. The captive portal is a website or splash screen that will be shown until users can access the internet, applications or services using a desktop or mobile device. Often, captive portals display as login interfaces to guest Wi-Fi connections, like those you find in campus and nearby. Trimex Colleges focuses on all aspects of teaching, make teachings easier by providing a framework and set of tools for an additional tool such as the proposed Wi-Fi Portlet Implementing (IoE) for Trimex Colleges Inc. Biñan, Laguna. The Wi-Fi Portlet Implementing (IoE) is created to address the problem of expensive mobile data and internet connectivity. Since most students nowadays owns a smartphone with Wi-Fi capability, we can utilize the unlimited plans of our telecommunications/internet service provider by giving them privilege of internet usage using Wi-Fi Portlet system

A Data Analytic Approach in the Thematic Classification of the Reasons and Perspectives of Adolescents’ Social Media Engagement

Social media is one of the leading platforms where people and organizations meet. With the technological advancements in the world wide web, smart mobile devices and Internet connectivity, an increase in social media engagement is highly observable. People of all ages, one way or the other, has a social media account and their perspective, reasons, and content-preferences vary. In this study, the experience of social media engagement from the perspectiveof young people is analyzed and thematically classified using a data analytic approach which focuses on natural language processing (NLP).Results show that the social media engagement experience of the respondents reflects what social media is tothem and for themexpressed by their reasons and perspectives, respectively. The reasons of their engagement are basically connected to the contents and features of social media platforms that suit their purpose, intention, and goals of engagementexpressed by textual response and analyzed by a learning algorithm that fits multiclass models for support vector machines(SVM). The profound social media engagement of the youth leads to a wide spectrum of responses and behaviors that would affect their mental healthas defined by their reasons and perspectives

Características digitales - económicas en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de COVID-19

Objetivo. Describir las características digitales - económicas de los estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de COVID-19. Métodos. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo del tipo básico, diseño y nivel observacional - descriptivo, se recolectaron datos por intermedio de una encuesta digital para conocer la variable de estudio en los estudiantes de la Universidad de Huánuco durante el periodo 2020. Resultados. Se incluyen a 10 155 (100 %) estudiantes, un 58, 7 % del género femenino, el 81,7 % de la sede Huánuco, el 43,4 % cursó entre el V al VIII ciclo, un 25.3% del programa académico de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas. Respecto a los recursos digitales: un 46,8 % usa la laptop para sus sesiones de clase, el 51,4 % hace uso de conexión de internet móvil, el 36,1 % tienen capacidad de ancho de banda normal (4M a 10M); el 58 % se ubica en la zona urbana, mientras que el 84,9 % manifestó poseer problemas de conectividad y el mismo porcentaje indicó emplear accesorios para sus clases. En cuanto a los recursos económicos: los padres del 49,4 % de los estudiantes financian sus estudios, el 89,9 % manifestó que la pandemia afectó sus ingresos económicos y el 57,4 % considera que su continuidad educativa se vio afectada. En relación a la situación de salud, el 71,7 % no se encuentran en el grupo de riesgo de contraer Covid-9, un 63,1 % no utilizó pruebas de descarte, el 62,3 % manifestó que algún miembro de su familia fue contagiado y de este grupo el 9,3 % falleció. Conclusión. Existe un escenario complicado respecto a los recursos digitales, económicos y situación de salud por la que están atravesando los estudiantes universitarios por la presencia del COVID-19, y repercute en su formación profesional.

ABX-LEX: An Argument-Driven Approach for the Digital Facilitation of Efficient Group Decisions

The quality of a group decision depends on its members sharing and adopting their various perspectives. Multi-criteria models provide an appropriate vehicle for managing this information sharing because they break down the decision into small, single-issue questions that can be treated independently. We present a new lexicographic decision method with three equivalence classes for use by a group. Our algorithm is the first to combine the hidden profile and multi-criteria paradigms and thereby improving the consensus by identifying critical disagreements and inviting the decision makers to share their mental models of them. A computer simulation demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness and efficiency. Unless the problem parameters are very unfavorable, the method achieves the desired choice set or a close approximation to it significantly faster than the commonly used compensatory methods. Our algorithm can either provide step-by-step instructions to a human facilitator, or it can be implemented as a software agent acting as a fully automated digital facilitator, allowing decision makers to participate “on the go” using their internet-connected mobile devices.

Community Health Workers and Disease Surveillance in Tanzania: Promoting the Use of Mobile Technologies in Detecting and Reporting Health Events.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kilosa, Morogoro Urban, Ngorongoro, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania to investigate the practices of community health workers (CHWs) related to disease surveillance functions and to establish their needs and technology capacities. We also established the strength of mobile phone networks and internet connections in the study areas to inform the feasibility of using mobile-based applications in community-based disease surveillance. A total of 135 CHWs from 85 villages participated in the study. Health events captured at the community level were entirely paper-based. CHWs submitted reports to higher-level health authorities mainly on foot (100%), but they also used public transport (65%) and telephone calls (56%). The median number of days between the onset of a suspected disease outbreak at the community level and reporting to a primary healthcare facility was 10 days (interquartile range [IQR] 2-30). The median number of days between submitting a report and receiving a response was 7 days (IQR 2-30). Of the 53 CHWs who reported the most recent health events to a higher-level health authority, 39 (74%) never received feedback. All 85 villages had a reliable mobile phone network and 74 (87%) had a mobile phone internet connection that was strong enough to support data transmission using digital technology. Almost all (n = 132, 98%) of the CHWs owned mobile phones. The practices related to detection and reporting of health events could be improved to enhance early warning disease surveillance. Reliable mobile networks and internet connections and the ownership of mobile phones among CHWs in the study areas present opportunities to strengthen community event-based surveillance using mobile-based solutions.

Current Challenges of Digital Health Interventions in Pakistan: Mixed Methods Analysis.

BackgroundDigital health is well-positioned in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to revolutionize health care due, in part, to increasing mobile phone access and internet connectivity. This paper evaluates the underlying factors that can potentially facilitate or hinder the progress of digital health in Pakistan.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to identify the current digital health projects and studies being carried out in Pakistan, as well as the key stakeholders involved in these initiatives. We aim to follow a mixed-methods strategy and to evaluate these projects and studies through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to identify the internal and external factors that can potentially facilitate or hinder the progress of digital health in Pakistan.MethodsThis study aims to evaluate digital health projects carried out in the last 5 years in Pakistan with mixed methods. The qualitative and quantitative data obtained from field surveys were categorized according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended building blocks for health systems research, and the data were analyzed using a SWOT analysis strategy.ResultsOf the digital health projects carried out in the last 5 years in Pakistan, 51 are studied. Of these projects, 46% (23/51) used technology for conducting research, 30% (15/51) used technology for implementation, and 12% (6/51) used technology for app development. The health domains targeted were general health (23/51, 46%), immunization (13/51, 26%), and diagnostics (5/51, 10%). Smartphones and devices were used in 55% (28/51) of the interventions, and 59% (30/51) of projects included plans for scaling up. Artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) was used in 31% (16/51) of projects, and 74% (38/51) of interventions were being evaluated. The barriers faced by developers during the implementation phase included the populations’ inability to use the technology or mobile phones in 21% (11/51) of projects, costs in 16% (8/51) of projects, and privacy concerns in 12% (6/51) of projects.ConclusionsWe conclude that while digital health has a promising future in Pakistan, it is still in its infancy at the time of this study. However, due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an increase in demand for digital health and implementation of health outcomes following global social distancing protocols, especially in LMICs. Hence, there is a need for active involvement by public and private organizations to regulate, mobilize, and expand the digital health sector for the improvement of health care systems in countries.

An Interactive Mobile Hub for Teaching Electromagnetics Courses [Education Corner

This article presents the design, development, and deployment of an interactive online teaching and learning platform to improve the students' understanding, through different visualization tools, of core concepts delivered in electromagnetics (EM) courses. The main advantage of such tools is that they require no download time, memory space, or heavy equipment. The platform (or hub) benefits from advances in mobile technology and Internet connectivity to overcome the limitations of past pedagogical approaches. Students can use these tools anytime, from anywhere, and on any portable device.

The Relationship Between the Digital Game Dependence and Violence Tendency Levels of High School Students

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between digital game dependence levels and violence tendency levels of high school students. In the present research, relational survey model has been used. The population of the study consists of 9th, 10th, 11th grade students in the high schools in Battalgazi and Yeşilyurt districts of Malatya in the spring term of 2018-2019 academic year. Simple random sampling method has been used for our sample selection. Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7) was used to determine the level of digital game addiction, and Violence Tendency Scale (VRS) was used to determine the levels of violence tendency. DGAS-7 was developed by Lemmens et al. (2009). To determine the problematic digital game behaviors of adolescents between the ages of 12-18. It has been developed by Haskan and Yıldırım to measure the tendency of violence among adolescents.
 
 According to the results obtained in our research; according to the monotetic format, 4.6% of the students participating in the research were addicted to digital games, while 95.4% were not dependent. According to the polythetic format, while 21.7% is addicted to digital games, 78.3% is not addicted. There was a statistically significant difference between female and male students in terms of digital game addiction and violence tendency in favor of female students. There was also a significant difference between the levels of digital game addiction and violence tendency according to mobile phone ownership. This difference is in favor of students who do not have mobile phones. There has been a statistically significant difference between the levels of digital game addiction in favor of the students who do not have mobile internet connection, but no significant difference has been found between the levels of violence tendency. There has been a statistically significant difference between non-dependent students in terms of violent tendency levels in terms of digital game addiction in monotetic and polythetic format. The level of violence tendency of non-dependent students is lower than that of dependent students. There has been a statistically significant difference between digital game addiction levels and violence tendency levels according to the duration of digital game play. This difference is in favor of students who play less time in a day. There has been a positive and moderate relationship between digital game addiction levels and violence tendency levels.

MHealth as a health system strengthening tool in China

Over the past 70 years, there was a rapid epidemiological transition in disease burden in China, from infectious disease to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which requires long-term prevention and management. Rapid growth in mobile phone use, internet connectivity and digital health technology, presents new opportunities for improvement in NCD healthcare delivery and population-based outcomes. Although there were a growing number of research to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the mobile health (mHealth) interventions for NCD management, the extent to which mHealth contributes towards the health system strengthening in China remains unknown. In this paper, we provided a high-level overview of mHealth in China and its role for Chinese health system strengthening. We conclude with several recommendations for the future of mHealth research in China based on existing evidence identified.

Effectiveness of a Home-Based Rehabilitation Program After Total Hip Arthroplasty Driven by a Tablet App and Remote Coaching: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial Combining a Single-Arm Intervention Cohort With Historical Controls.

BackgroundRecent technological developments such as wearable sensors and tablets with a mobile internet connection hold promise for providing electronic health home-based programs with remote coaching for patients following total hip arthroplasty. It can be hypothesized that such a home-based rehabilitation program can offer an effective alternative to usual care.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a home-based rehabilitation program driven by a tablet app and remote coaching for patients following total hip arthroplasty.MethodsExisting data of two studies were combined, in which patients of a single-arm intervention study were matched with historical controls of an observational study. Patients aged 18-65 years who had undergone total hip arthroplasty as a treatment for primary or secondary osteoarthritis were included. The intervention consisted of a 12-week home-based rehabilitation program with video instructions on a tablet and remote coaching (intervention group). Patients were asked to do strengthening and walking exercises at least 5 days a week. Data of the intervention group were compared with those of patients who received usual care (control group). Effectiveness was measured at four moments (preoperatively, and 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively) by means of functional tests (Timed Up & Go test and the Five Times Sit-to Stand Test) and self-reported questionnaires (Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS] and Short Form 36 [SF-36]). Each patient of the intervention group was matched with two patients of the control group. Patient characteristics were summarized with descriptive statistics. The 1:2 matching situation was analyzed with a conditional logistic regression. Effect sizes were calculated by Cohen d.ResultsOverall, 15 patients of the intervention group were included in this study, and 15 and 12 subjects from the control group were matched to the intervention group, respectively. The intervention group performed functional tests significantly faster at 12 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. The intervention group also scored significantly higher on the subscales “function in sport and recreational activities” and “hip-related quality of life” of HOOS, and on the subscale “physical role limitations” of SF-36 at 12 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. Large effect sizes were found on functional tests at 12 weeks and at 6 months (Cohen d=0.5-1.2), endorsed by effect sizes on the self-reported outcomes.ConclusionsOur results clearly demonstrate larger effects in the intervention group compared to the historical controls. These results imply that a home-based rehabilitation program delivered by means of internet technology after total hip arthroplasty can be more effective than usual care.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03846063; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03846063 and German Registry of Clinical Trials DRKS00011345; https://tinyurl.com/yd32gmdo

Experiences With Developing and Using Vital Sign Telemonitoring to Support Mobile Nursing in Rural Regions: Feasibility and Usability Study.

BackgroundModern information and communication technology has the potential to support mobile care in rural regions such as the Alpine region, which is characterized by long distances or even physically unreachable areas.ObjectiveThis study investigated the potential of supporting mobile nursing organizations in rural regions with the use of mobile telemonitoring systems in a case study setting.MethodsAs a subproject of the European Union–funded project INTESI, the VITAl parameter MOnitoring (VITAMO) project gathered stakeholders’ requirements for telemonitoring support of mobile care in rural regions and then developed and implemented a prototype system that was used for a 3-month test period with a local nursing organization in Austria. Log analysis, surveys, and interviews were used to evaluate the system according to the Technology Acceptance Model. The focus was technology assessment and user satisfaction of both patients and nurses.ResultsParticipants were provided Bluetooth devices to measure blood pressure, body weight, and blood glucose and to track activity. They also received a tablet with a mobile internet connection to see the results. The nurses were able to access the results remotely. Regularly executed speed tests and log analysis demonstrated the availability of high-speed mobile internet in the rural test region. Log analysis, surveys, and interviews revealed the suitability of the technology environment and showed that the system was easy to use and potentially useful. The perceived usefulness for supporting mobile care was rated meaningfully low, and the frequency of nurses using the tool declined continuously over the field test period. Further group discussions investigated this issue.ConclusionsWhile the technology environment with mobile internet, Bluetooth devices, and smart vital sign monitoring devices was adequate and suitable to support mobile nursing in rural regions, the potential benefit for the nursing organization could not be confirmed. Further analysis revealed that operational care processes did not follow a well-defined care strategy. Technology has the potential to leverage the available environment for developing meaningful solutions. These experiences could contribute to further investigations that need to identify and analyze existing mobile care processes at an organizational level.

Revising Growth Theory in the Artificial Age: Putty and Clay Labor

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our contemporary society imposes historically unique challenges for humankind. The emerging autonomy of AI holds unique potentials of eternal life of robots, AI and algorithms alongside unprecedented economic superiority, data storage and computational advantages. Yet to this day, it remains unclear what impact AI taking over the workforce will have on economic growth. This paper therefore first establishes what AI is and provides a theoretical background on standard neoclassical and heterodox economics growth theories with particular attention to the Cambridge Capital Controversy’s argument to divide capital components into fluid, hence more flexible (e.g., petty cash, checking account), and more clay, hence more inflexible (e.g., factories and intransferable means of production), components. The contemporary trend of slowbalisation is described, as the slowing down of conventional globalization of goods, services and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) flows; yet at the same time, we still see human migration and air travel as well as data transfer continuing to rise. These market trends of conventional globalization slowing and rising AI-related industries are proposed as first market disruption in the wake of the large-scale entrance of AI into our contemporary economy. Growth in the artificial age is then proposed to be measured based on two AI entrance proxies of Global Connectivity Index and The State of the Mobile Internet Connectivity 2018 Index, which is found to be highly significantly positively correlated with the total inflow of migrants and FDI inflow – serving as evidence that the still globalizing rising industries in the age of slowbalisation are connected to AI. Both indices are positively correlated with GDP output in cross-sectional studies over the world. In order to clarify if the found effect is a sign of industrialization, time series of worldwide data reveal that internet connectivity around the world is associated with lower economic growth from around 2000 on until 2017. A regression plotting Internet Connectivity and GDP per capita as independent variables to explain the dependent variable GDP growth outlines that the effect for AI is a significant determinant of negative GDP growth prospects for the years from 2000 until 2017. A panel regression plotting GDP per capita and internet connectivity from the year 2000 to explain economic growth consolidates the finding that AI-internet connectivity is a significant determinant of negative growth over time for 161 countries of the world. Internet connectivity is associated with economic growth decline whereas GDP per capita has no significant relation with GDP growth. To cross-validate both findings hold for two different global connectivity measurements. The paper then discusses a theoretical argument of dividing labor components into fluid, hence more flexible (e.g., AI), and more clay, hence more inflexible (e.g., human labor), components. The paper ends on a call for revising growth theories and integrating AI components into growth theory. AI entrance into economic markets is modeled into the standard neoclassical growth theory by creating a novel index for representing growth in the artificial age comprised of GDP per capita and AI entrance measured by the proxy of Internet Access percent per country. Maps reveal the parts of the world that feature high GDP per capita and AI-connectivity. The discussion closes with a future outlook on the law and economics of AI entrance into our contemporary economies and society in order to aid a successful and humane introduction of AI into our world.

“Anytime, anyplace, anywhere”—A sample selection model of mobile internet adoption in german agriculture

AbstractMobile internet is considered one of the most important developments in information and communication technology due to its considerable effect on both the economy and our daily lives. Furthermore, mobile internet is an essential tool for overcoming the rural–urban digital divide. With respect to agriculture, mobile internet can play a central role in information gathering as well as the implementation of precision and smart farming technologies. Yet, no study has identified the determinants of mobile internet adoption in agriculture. Using a bivariate probit model with a sample selection and a representative data set from 815 German farmers, this study showed that, among other characteristics, the age of the farmer, farm size and location, as well as familiarity with internet risks is associated with mobile internet adoption in agriculture. These results may be of interest to policy makers, who deal with internet infrastructure, and providers of farm equipment that rely on mobile internet connection. [EconLit citations: Q16].

Audiences’ Motives for Watching Live Video Streaming

Due to the popularity and low cost of rapid mobile internet connection, live-streaming service is now booming. Some of these users who provide live video shows to the public are famous and known as vloggers or YouTube celebrities. The content of the live show is diverse. Some YouTubers broadcast video of their computer screen when playing an online game; others cook, work out, or put on makeup on camera. Nearly anything from one’s daily life is fair game. The abundant live video streaming content attracts youngsters as well as adults. To understand the viewers’ motivation for watching live video streaming, this study used a self-reporting online questionnaire survey. A total of 374 responses were received and analyzed to ascertain the motives of viewing live video streaming. Based on the empirical survey results, we propose a motivation of YouTuber model composed of four motive categories: leisure, celebrity worship, social connection, and voyeurism. These four categories can be divided into eight motives, including passing time, entertainment, relaxation, celebrity identification, vicarious participation, companionship, social interaction, and voyeurism.

The mobile phone revolution, the Internet and rural electricity: What are the implications for food security in Africa?

The theorized benefits of mobile phone and Internet penetration have not been sufficiently tested, especially on cross-country data. Using a dataset involving 48 regionally grouped African countries and a robust dynamic system GMM model, this study attempts to fill this gap. In carrying out this study, we adopted an empirical strategy that allowed us to estimate the specific and complementary impacts of mobile phone, Internet, and rural electricity on food security, from panel and regional comparative perspectives. The findings indicate that: the incremental and intra-temporal effects in food security situation linger awhile; the promotional effects of ICT development on food security are more induced by mobile phone development than by Internet development; mobile phone and Internet have a robust and stable synergistic effect on food security; contrary to expectations, there is no complementarity between ICT protocols and rural electricity, with the impact of the latter on food security being more distortive than promotional; and that the promotional benefits of ICT protocols on food security are dependent on a country’s capacity to resolve inherent deficiencies in rural electricity energy supply, climate conditions and credit challenges. Policy-wise, the findings confirm how the convergence and complementarity between mobile phone and Internet connectivity can conditionally be enhanced in the case of Africa; and how such convergence can potentially facilitate the catch-up between the lagging Internet access and the booming mobile phone subscription and to enhance the quality, quantity and relevance of the information contents of the ICT protocols.

Information communication technology diffusion and financial inclusion: an inter-state analysis for India

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the impact of ICT (information communication technology) diffusion on the financial inclusion across 16 Indian states during the time period 2007–2008 to 2014–2015. Tele-density, usage of mobile phones and internet connectivity can improve the accessibility, reduce the transaction cost and travel cost of the commercial banking sector. This increases the access of institutional credit, products and services to marginalized unbanked population of society. Inter-state comparison reveals the fact that there are disparities in the spread of ICTdiffusion and financial inclusion across the regions and these disparities are persistent in nature. ICT diffusion index is consistently high in Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka, whereas low in Assam, Bihar Uttar Pradesh, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. Dynamic panel data analysis exhibits that ICT index has a strong positive significant impact on financial inclusion index. It also illustrates that lack of education, age composition of population, rural-urban location, poor status of financial literacy play a very vital role in spreading financial inclusion. The elderly people in rural as well as in urban areas are still not that familiar with mobile and internet, they may not be able to get benefited by ICT revolution.

Circular polarization folded reflectarray antenna for 5G applications

Fifth-generation (5G) is a wireless connection built specifically to keep up with the rapid increase of devices that need a mobile internet connection. A system working on 5G band can provide higher bandwidth and faster data rate as compared to fourth-generation (4G) band. Thus, an antenna with higher gain and lower profile is required to support this system. On the other hand, the performance of circular polarization antenna is better than linear polarization antenna due to its ability to accept wave from different direction. In this project, a low profile circular polarization folded reflectarray antenna with operating frequency of 28 GHz is presented. This project is divided into two parts. In the first part, a linear polarization folded reflectarray antenna is designed. In this second part, a meander lines polarizer is used to convert the linear polarization antenna to circular polarization antenna. The antenna is fed by a linear polarized waveguide. Each radiating element of the antenna is in rectangular shape. The size of the radiating elements are selected according to obtain required phase delay to form a planar phase front in the far-field distance. Both of the antennas are simulated by using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Finally, the results shows excellent performances with 16.81dB directivity and 1.49dB axial ratio at 28GHz. Thus, the antenna is very suitable for 5G applications.

Artificial Intelligence Market Disruption

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our contemporary society imposes historically unique challenges for humankind. The emerging autonomy of AI holds unique potentials of eternal life of robots, AI and algorithms alongside unprecedented economic superiority, data storage and computational advantages. Yet to this day, it remains unclear what impact AI taking over the workforce will have on economic growth. The contemporary trend of slowbalisation is described, as the slowing down of conventional globalization of goods, services and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) flows; yet at the same time, we still see human migration and air travel as well as data transfer continuing to rise. These market trends of conventional globalization slowing and rising AI-related industries are proposed as first market disruption in the wake of the large-scale entrance of AI into our contemporary economy. Growth in the artificial age is then proposed to be measured based on two AI entrance proxies of Global Connectivity Index and The State of the Mobile Internet Connectivity 2018 Index, which is found to be highly significantly positively correlated with the total inflow of migrants and FDI inflow – serving as evidence that the still globalizing rising industries in the age of slowbalisation are connected to AI. Both indices are positively correlated with GDP output in cross-sectional studies over the world.