Digital Mobile Communication Research Articles

Evolutionary Heuristic Computing Paradigm for 2D-DOA Estimation along Circular Array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem has growing interest for the researcher investigating in system identification models arising in the field of digital signal processing, mobile communication, controls, and beamforming. In the presented work, evolutionary heuristic computing paradigm is presented for 2D-DOA estimation of plane waves impinging on uniform circular array. Performance metric of mean squared error is utilized as construction of a fitness function for the system, and the optimization strength of three methodologies, genetic algorithms (GAs), Pattern Search (PS), and integration of GAs with PS (GA-PS) is exploited for 2D-DOA estimation based on elevation as well as azimuth angles. Consistent precision, convergence, stability, and robustness of integrated heuristics of GA-PS are endorsed through outcomes of statistical observations.

How Can Mobile Health Technology Improve Usage and Delivery of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?

Background: Mobile health projects have been implemented all over the world, using mobile phones for record keeping, data collection, or patient communication. Further, mobile health tools have been used to promote behavior change in health workers and/or patients. For example, text message reminders have been shown to increase health care seeking behavior or medication adherence in some patients, and mobile data collection and communication tools for health workers have improved follow-up of patients and data reporting.
 Methods: This literature review was conducted through a keyword search of the following databases to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles: Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and EKB. Keywords used in these searches included mHealth, mobile health, mobile phone, coverage, usage, delivery, vaccination, immunization and COVID-19.
 Results: Eleven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. They examined awareness, applications, challenges and strengths of Mobile-Health applications. All studies showed some evidence that mHealth intervention had a positive impact on increasing the coverage and use of COVID-19 vaccine. Bad awareness of people was strongly associated with declines in vaccination intent. The use of mobile applications has made a great revolution in tracking and data gathering about vaccination status. The main limitations were reporting bias and malfunctioning of mobile applications. The main strengths were getting real-time data, improving surveillance, using geographic mapping to monitor populations.
 Conclusion: Growing usage of smartphone and internet penetration in African countries opens the door to mHealth applications such as health literacy, vaccine supply and control, disease monitoring and intervention, and virtual consultations with health professionals around the world.
 

Parallel Redundancy Protocol for Railway Wireless Data Communication Network

In order to solve the problem that the railway application services have strict requirements on the reliability, delay, and other indicators of mobile data communication, a parallel redundancy protocol for the railway wireless data communication network is proposed. By introducing a redundancy adaptation layer into the standard TCP/IP model, multi-link parallel data transmission is realized and transparent to the network layer and above. Transmitting multiple copies of the same packet through different paths makes the application systems have redundant communication capability without changing the existing data transmission mode. At the same time, according to the requirements of the receiving entity for redundant data elimination, an improved Bloom filter is proposed. By expanding the bit array and using the countdown mechanism, the elements in the data set can be dynamically inserted, deleted, and retrieved over time. Theoretical analysis and test results show that the proposed protocol can meet the requirements of data transmission between the on-board and trackside equipment and has the characteristics of simple deployment, high reliability, and high stability. Compared to using a single transmission link, the packet loss rate from field test can be reduced by 39.67% at the maximum, and the throughput and end-to-end data transmission delay are also significantly improved. The test in this paper also shows that the additional delay introduced is a maximum of 5.07 μs, which will not significantly affect the data transmission performance.

Identification and Classification of Routine Locations Using Anonymized Mobile Communication Data

Digital location traces are a relevant source of insights into how citizens experience their cities. Previous works using call detail records (CDRs) tend to focus on modeling the spatial and temporal patterns of human mobility, not paying much attention to the semantics of places, thus failing to model and enhance the understanding of the motivations behind people’s mobility. In this paper, we applied a methodology for identifying individual users’ routine locations and propose an approach for attaching semantic meaning to these locations. Specifically, we used circular sectors that correspond to cellular antennas’ signal areas. In those areas, we found that all contained points of interest (POIs), extracted their most important attributes (opening hours, check-ins, category) and incorporated them into the classification. We conducted experiments with real-world data from Coimbra, Portugal, and the initial experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to infer activities in the user’s routine areas.

Application of Random Walk Model in Mobile Communication Data Optimization

With the continuous development of society and economy, the development and application of mobile communications have become more and more popular, and more people have begun to use mobile devices for office, study and life. The quality of mobile communications network signals directly affects people’s experience of use. The scope of actual application has gradually increased with the renewal of the technology itself. Based on the random walk model, this paper constructs a mobile communication data optimization plan. Through data storage, transmission delay, and information total control, the optimization form of wireless network mobile communication data transmission performance is studied. Practice shows that this scheme can effectively improve communication quality and transmission efficiency.

A Study on the Big Data Analysis of the Changes in Fishing Village Tourism due to the Coronavirus19 outbreak

코로나19로 인하여 전 산업분야가 타격을 받고 있으며, 더욱이 비대면 방식의 ‘언택트(Untact)’ 문화로 여가생활의 많은 변화가 생겨나고 있다. 이는 우리의 어촌체험휴양마을에도 부정적인 영향을 주고 있을 가능성이 제기된다. 대표적인 경험재로서의 문화소비인 체험관광, 그 중에서도 우리의 어촌에서 즐기는 것이 어업인에게 어업외 소득까지 연결되니 사회적으로 가치있는 관광소비의 형태임을 인지한다면 어촌관광의 쇠락이 우리사회에 미치는 영향이 상당하다 할 수 있다. 어촌관광의 새로운 도약를 위해 빅데이터의 고도화된 분석과 대안제시는 중요하며, 코로나19로 인해 타격을 받은 어촌관광산업의 활성화를 위해서 본 연구가 시작되었다. 기존 설문조사 등의 소비자 니즈분석을 빅데이터(모바일 통신데이터와 카드매출데이터)기반의 소비자 분석으로 코로나19로 인한 방문객 수, 매출액의 변화추이를 확인하였다. 당초 연구는 코로나19로 인해서 거제시 다대어촌체험휴양마을의 방문객 및 매출액이 현저히 감소했을 것이라는 가설을 가지고 연구가 진행되었지만 감소인자(코로나19)에 대한 증감인자(아웃바운드 관광수요 및 지속적인 코로나19로 인한 피로감 등)로 상쇄되어 2년의 조사기간 동안(2018.9월~2020.9월)방문객 수, 매출액이 코로나19 전후로 유의미한 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 분석결과에 대한 각 주체별로 활용할 수 있도록 시사점을 도출하였다. 해양관광 관련 정책개발 담당자, 어촌체험휴양마을 관리운영자에 대한 유의미한 데이터 제공 및 분석근거를 보여주고자 하였다. 특히, 현재 여러가지 기술적 한계점에 대해서는 향후 제도적 보완을 통해 보다 쉽게 빅데이터를 제공받고 활용할 수 있다면 마케팅, 관광산업 뿐만 아니라 전산업에 걸쳐 패러다임의 변화를 줄 계기가 될 수 있다고 생각된다.Corona 19 is hurting the entire industry, and moreover, many changes in leisure life are being made due to the non-face-to-face untact culture. This raises the possibility that it is negatively affecting our fishing village recreation village. Considering that what we enjoy in our fishing villages is a form of socially valuable tourism consumption, the decline of fishing village tourism can have a significant impact on our society. Advanced analysis of big data and proposal of alternatives are important for a new leap forward in fishing village tourism. Changes in the number of visitors and sales due to COVID-19 were confirmed by analyzing consumer needs, such as existing surveys, based on big data (mobile communication data and card sales data). Initially, the study was conducted with the hypothesis that the number of visitors and sales of the Dadae Fishing Village Experience Recreation Village in Geoje would have significantly decreased due to Corona 19. Fatigue, etc.), there was no significant change in the number of visitors and sales during the two-year survey period (September 2018 to September 2020) before and after Corona 19. In addition, implications were drawn so that the analysis results could be utilized for each subject. The purpose of this study was to provide meaningful data and to show the basis of analysis for marine tourism related policy development managers and fishing village experience resort village managers. In particular, for various technical limitations, if big data can be more easily provided and utilized through institutional supplementation in the future, it can be an opportunity to change the paradigm not only in the marketing and tourism industries but also across all industries.

Application Analysis of Virtualization Technology Based on General Server Small Cell

With the growth of mobile communication data volume, as an infrastructure server, its performance and system reliability have become the bottleneck in the entire physical architecture. The purpose of this paper is to study the application analysis of virtualization technology based on general server small base stations. Through the transformation and upgrading of small server base stations. Improve the performance of the system through virtualization technology; use cluster technology to solve the single point problem of equipment and achieve high availability of business. This article uses IBM’s dynamic Lpar virtualization technology to adjust the system resources of different partitions to improve system performance according to the different peak load times of the partitions. Then use the PowerHA cluster principle to establish a cluster on the AIX operating system between different hosts to solve all problems. Single point of partition problem. This article also clarifies the basis for server virtualization needs. Using VMware vSphere-related components to realize the virtualization of the server on the campus. Solutions are also provided for the network and storage used in the virtualization process. This article gives an in-depth introduction to its server virtualization storage capacity, memory conditions, CPU performance and internal configuration, and develops a virtualization service system, which enhances the scalability of the application environment, strengthens the configuration of application services, the utilization efficiency of various resources of the server is improved, and the energy consumption cost of the computer room is reduced. Research shows that this article uses PoweHA to achieve high availability of system partitions, and the switching between servers can be controlled within 2 minutes, which greatly improves the high availability of the system.

Omnidirectional antenna with modified ground plane for wideband DVB in handheld devices

Miniaturized monopole planar antennas operating in the VHF/UHF band applied for Digital Video Broadcasting and mobile communication have gained research interest due to their low-profile, compact, and wideband nature. This antenna is capable of penetrating surfaces more easily, faster and can broadcast larger data because it operates in the wideband. The challenge of designing an antenna small enough to be adopted for Digital Video Broadcasting in handheld devices with capabilities of covering the DVB wideband and at the same time omnidirectional, with enough gain, good impedance coefficient which translates into efficiency is the drive of this paper. The proposed antenna in this paper is a rectangular patch with two large slots created in its radiating surface and extension on its edges for wider bandwidth and better matching. It employs a modified ground plane that uses coupling to achieve low return loss. CST microwave studio software was used for the simulation and optimization. The characteristics and simulated results are analyzed before the prototype structure is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. A monopole planar antenna with total dimensions of 185 × 45 × 1.6 mm3 with an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane is fabricated and the results are presented. The antenna has high impedance bandwidth characteristics with operating frequency at -10 dB return loss from 470 MHz to 900 MHz and about 63% bandwidth efficiency. It has a VSWR ratio of less than 2. The significance of the various sections of the antenna together with the simulated and fabricated results is presented. It shows a suitable antenna with a wide operating frequency domain. The proposed antenna would be useful in Africa's development agenda in wide-area wireless communication as countries are migrating to DVB-T2 and DVB-NGH space.

Research on Location Convergence Method Based on BeiDou Navigation System Satellite Enhancement

Through mobile communication data transmission, the precise ephemeris and precise clock offset of the IGS website are obtained in real time, and the BeiDou star-based enhanced differential data is obtained through the receiver antenna; then a combination of dual-frequency ionospheric non-difference observations is used to eliminate the impact of the ionosphere. The average clustering algorithm is used to classify the location results, and the center point of each cluster is obtained. The center points of each cluster are added and averaged to get the starting point of PPP convergence. Finally, the fast convergence of PPP positioning results is achieved by using hatch algorithm.

Urban geographical patterns of the relationship between mobile communication, social networks and economic development – the case of Hungary

In the post-industrial age, the transformation of urban networks and urban regions was fundamentally influenced by the rapid spread of infocommunication technologies (ICT) and the Internet. People share information in their daily lives with the help of various ICT devices and ultimately generate georeferenced data that could obtain important information about people’s use of space, spatial movement and social connections. The main aim of the study is to explore the urban geographical and spatial impacts of ICT and social media networks in Hungarian cities. We focus on drawing territorial and settlement hierarchical patterns and clusters based on the mobile communication and online social network relationship data of Hungarian cities. The paper highlights the relationship between the intensity of mobile communication and the density and expansion of intercity social relations and the settlements’ level of economic development, respectively. The methodology is based on mobile phone call detail record (CDR) analysis and intercity network analysis of social media activities. Our findings suggest that different communication networks follow divergent spatial patterns in Hungary. The traditional East–West dichotomy of the Hungarian spatial divide is still reflected in mobile communication, but intercity clusters based on social media activities are usually aligned to the borders of administrative structures. In several cases, we were able to identify strong intercity links between settlements with a similar level of economic development of the mesolevel spatial structure that traverses over different counties and regional borders. Results on social and demographic issues suggest that ‘generation Z’ could play a key role in dampening the social and economic tensions created by the digital divide in the long run. Using a multidimensional explanatory model, we could demonstrate the growing interconnectedness between digital networks and economic development.

Expotecnología 2020

Expotecnología 2020 was an event that took place in the city of Cartagena de Indias, from November 4 to 6, 2020, with the slogan “Development of Engineering and Innovation in the scenarios of the 4th Industrial Revolution.” This eighteenth version was a meeting that brought together the scientific and academic community in spaces for the dissemination and transfer of knowledge, where innovation was the essence and a fundamental part of the event. Expotecnología was created in the Faculty of Engineering Sciences - FACI, of the Antonio de Arévalo University Foundation - UNITECNAR and in this version it maintained as mission, the development of the interaction between science, technology and society, through establishing of knowledge networks and academic and professional cooperation. The main objective was to address the challenges that emerge from the everyday life of the engineering community, the problems immersed in the development of projects and programs of Higher Education Institutions (IES), organizations and research centers at the national and international level. In the development of the day of presentations in a virtual way, it was possible to promote the dissemination of the research work of professionals, teachers and students from all areas of engineering, framed in four (4) thematic axes, as follows:• New technologies: Big data, Artificial Intelligence, Business Intelligence, Software Engineering, Education and new technologies and Mobile Applications.• Petrochemicals and process control: Materials Science, Instrumentation and Control Systems, Robotics and Automation and Industrial Maintenance.• Electricity, electronics and telecommunications: IoT, Fiber optics, Digital Signal Processing, Wireless Networks, Mobile Communications, Power Systems, Energy Storage, Smart Grids, Renewable Energies, Operation and Distribution, Energy Dispatch, Energy Markets• Construction Summit: Modern Building Systems and Computational Modeling.On this occasion, the event was attended by 483 people, representatives from 25 national and 12 international universities. 97 virtual presentations were made, of which 66 articles were selected for this volume of the IOP Conference Cycle: Materials Science and Engineering and 19 articles for the book Engineering, Innovation and the fourth industrial revolution., After a process of Peer Review. The plenary conferences were in charge of 2 national and 8 international speakers.List of Invited speakers, Organizing Committee, President, Technical committee, Scientific Committee, Special thanks are available in the pdf.

Research on Real-time and Reliability of Wireless Transmission of High-speed Train Control Data Based on Data Mining Technology

The informationization of high-speed railway is of great significance to the operation and maintenance of high-speed trains. Through the operation and maintenance data communication based on wireless public network, the ground monitoring system can know the real-time status of trains in time, which can facilitate the daily arrangement of inbound inspection and maintenance of trains and improve the operation and maintenance efficiency of high-speed trains. The reliability of data transmission in wireless sensor networks is low under the influence of resource constraints and environmental factors. However, the reliability of data transmission is an important index to evaluate the network performance in application fields such as national defense, military affairs and industrial control. Based on data mining technology, this paper analyzes the real-time, reliability and security of data transmission according to the characteristics of digital mobile communication used for data transmission in railway running and train automatic control. Combined with the characteristics of wireless channel in the environment of intelligent railway transportation system, this paper puts forward concrete measures to improve the performance of wireless link and concrete methods to judge whether wireless transmission can meet the requirements of IRTS environment.

Mobility Prediction Using a Weighted Markov Model Based on Mobile User Classification.

The vast amounts of mobile communication data collected by mobile operators can provide important insights regarding epidemic transmission or traffic patterns. By analyzing historical data and extracting user location information, various methods can be used to predict the mobility of mobile users. However, existing prediction algorithms are mainly based on the historical data of all users at an aggregated level and ignore the heterogeneity of individual behavior patterns. To improve prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a weighted Markov prediction model based on mobile user classification. The trajectory information of a user is extracted first by analyzing real mobile communication data, where the complexity of a user’s trajectory is measured using the mobile trajectory entropy. Second, classification criteria are proposed based on different user behavior patterns, and all users are classified with machine learning algorithms. Finally, according to the characteristics of each user classification, the step threshold and the weighting coefficients of the weighted Markov prediction model are optimized, and mobility prediction is performed for each user classification. Our results show that the optimized weighting coefficients can improve the performance of the weighted Markov prediction model.

An Analysis of Renewable Energy Usage by Mobile Data Network Operators

The exponential growth in mobile data traffic has resulted in massive energy usage and therefore has increased the carbon footprint of the Internet. Data network operators have taken significant initiatives to mitigate the negative impacts of carbon emissions (CE). Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have emerged as the most promising way to reduce carbon emissions. This article presents the role of renewable energy (RE) in minimizing the environmental impacts of mobile data communications for achieving a greener environment. In this article, an analysis of some selected mobile data network operators’ energy consumption (EC) has been presented. Based on the current statistics of different mobile network operators, the future energy values are estimated. These estimations of carbon emissions are based on the predicted data traffic in the coming years and the percentage consumption of energy from renewable sources by the network operators. The analysis presented in this article would be helpful to develop and implement energy policies that accelerate the process of increasing the renewable shares in total energy requirements. Incrementing the share of renewable energy in total energy requirements can be a way forward to reach Goal 7 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Investigative analysis of channel selection algorithms in cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

The proliferation of wireless mobile devices has led to a number of challenges in mobile data communication. The world is experiencinganincreasingusage of finite spectrum bands for social media and other data communication services. It is due to this high usage that the Federal Communications Commission(FCC) sought to open up some spectrum bands to be used opportunistically by secondary users (SUs). However, the coexistence of Primary Users (PUs) and SUs may cause interference which leads to wastage of spectrum resources. This study investigates the impact of interferences between PUs and SUs. To ensure higher detection of PU signal, a cooperative rule was used to decide which SU to share and makea final decision about the availability of the spectrum band. To maximize the throughput of SU, a maximum likelihood function was designed to reduce delays in searching for the next available channel for data transmission. To discover more transmission opportunities and ensuring that a good number of free channels are detected, a parallel sensing technique was employed. Matlabwas used to simulate and generate the results in a distributed cognitive radio environment. The proposed extended generalizedpredictive channel selection algorithm (EXGPCSA) outperformed otherschemes in literature in terms of throughput, service timeandprobability of detection.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Digital Diaries as a Means to Study Patient Pathways: Experiences With a Study of Hypertension in the Philippines

The rise of digital mobile communications has made possible novel research methods that can provide a better understanding of patients’ experience of non-communicable diseases. This study explores the opportunities and challenges in employing “digital diaries” via mobile phones to track the lived experiences of people with hypertension in the Philippines. Following in-depth interviews, 40 hypertensive adults were invited to submit digital diaries over 12 months. Mobile phones were found to be an efficient way of reaching participants, although it was difficult to collect in-depth narratives about their experiences using the medium beyond nominal responses about symptoms and treatment. Possible explanations include the asymptomatic nature of hypertension, which limited the participants’ experiences of the illness, as well as the platform itself, which our mostly-elderly, low-income participants may not be comfortable with. Despite these challenges, “digital diaries” hold potential for the study of other chronic conditions, provided that researchers engage in extensive co-production with participants to understand their preferences. Researchers also need more training in the use of these methods appropriately as part of a suite of methods for capturing the experience of people living with chronic illness.

Wireless Sensor Network‐Based Mathematical Modeling for Communication Intelligent Monitoring System

Knowing the behavioral patterns of city residents is of great value in formulating and adjusting urban planning strategies, such as urban road planning, urban commercial development, and urban pedestrian flow control. Based on the high penetration rate of cell phones, it is possible to indirectly understand the behavior of city residents based on the call records of users. However, the behavioral patterns of large‐scale users over a long period of time can present characteristics such as large dispersion, difficult to discover patterns, and difficult to explain behavioral patterns. In this paper, we design and implement a human behavior pattern analysis system based on massive mobile communication data based on serial data modeling method and visual analysis technology. For the problem that it is difficult to capture the behavioral patterns of residents in cities in call records, this paper constructs base station trajectories based on users’ cell phone call records and uses users’ long‐time base station trajectories to mine users’ potential behavioral patterns. Since users with similar activity characteristics will exhibit similar base station trajectories, this paper focuses on the similarity between text sequences and base station trajectory sequences and combines the word embedding method in natural language processing to build a Cell2vec model to identify the semantics of base stations in cities. In order to obtain the group behavior patterns of users from the base station trajectories of group users, a user clustering method based on users’ regional mobile preferences is proposed, and the results are projected using the Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t‐SNE) algorithm to expose the clustering features of large‐scale cell phone users in the low‐dimensional space. To address the problem that user behavior patterns are difficult to interpret, a visual analysis model with group as well as regional semantics is designed for the spatial and temporal characteristics of user behavior. Among them, the clustering model uses the distance between scatter points to map the similarity between users, which helps analysts to explore the behavioral characteristics of group users.

Captain America protecting digital rights: “old school” national law vs. emerging internet complexities in Azerbaijan

It is indicated in the article that emerging information technologies influences human rights norms in any democratic society. Especially, the Internet has changed the traditional approach to methods of ensuring human rights, while adding new challenges at the same time, such as regulating cybersecurity, digital data protection, digital freedom of information, privacy, discrimination in the Internet, etc. The traditional flow of information through newspapers, radio and television is currently combined with new means of exchanging digital information, mobile and satellite communications, the Internet and other technological advances. Of course, these innovations make governments to review traditional human rights legislation to stay fit and updated. Yet, some fundamental norms of national human rights legislation should remain unchangeable. Simply put, it looks like Captain America from the movie “Avengers” – a very old guy who develops his abilities to defeat dangers, but also preserves “old school” strength and leadership skills. In the light of these issues, the present article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual foundations of national legislation in Azerbaijan on the protection of digital rights in the Internet. The article emphasizes that digital rights themselves are one of the factors demonstrating the strong impact of communication technologies on human rights, especially information rights and freedom of expression.

As tecnologias móveis digitais da informação e comunicação presentes na formação inicial docente em ciências biológicas

Resumo: O artigo teve como objetivo central compreender a percepção dos acadêmicos do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, nas modalidades presencial e à distância, da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), sobre a utilização das Tecnologias Móveis Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TMDIC) enquanto conhecimentos tecnológicos e pedagógicos desenvolvidos em seu processo de formação inicial. Para alcançar esse objetivo, buscou-se também conhecer o perfil relacionado à cultura digital dos licenciandos e investigar como esse público se sente em relação ao letramento digital docente. Corresponde a uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e com viés exploratório, da qual participaram três pesquisadores no processo de validação de um questionário, e foi realizado um estudo de caso com 33 (trinta e três) acadêmicos, distribuídos em 11 (onze) na modalidade presencial e 22 (vinte e dois) na Educação a Distância (EaD), sendo a maioria do último período da graduação. Foi constatado que todos os participantes concordaram que as TMDIC contribuem para a aprendizagem dos educandos, desde que sejam utilizadas adequadamente dentro e fora da sala de aula. A maioria dos participantes afirmou possuir níveis satisfatório e avançado de conhecimentos e habilidades sobre a utilização dessas tecnologias em seu cotidiano, apontando, assim, uma interconexão desse público com o ciberespaço. No entanto, 27,3% dos participantes relataram ausência de abordagens tecnológicas durante sua formação devido a uma série de fatores, dentre eles a falta de interesse dos professores e tutores da universidade, bem como a desmotivação da turma e a carência de recursos didáticos e tecnológicos. Palavras-chave: Cultura digital. Formação docente. Letramento digital.

Inferring Ties in Social IoT Using Location-Based Networks and Identification of Hidden Suspicious Ties

Stochastic Internet of Things (IoT)-based communication behavior of the progressing world is tremendously impacting social networks. The growth of social networks helps to quantify the effect on the Social Internet of Things (SIoT). Multiple existences of two persons at several geographical locations in different time frames hint to predict the social connection. We investigate the extent to which social ties between people can be inferred by critically reviewing the social networks. Our study used Chinese telecommunication-based anonymized caller data records (CDRs) and two openly available location-based social network data sets, Brightkite and Gowalla. Our research identified social ties based on mobile communication data and further exploits communication reasons based on geographical location. This paper presents an inference framework that predicts the missing ties as suspicious social connections using pipe and filter architecture-based inference framework. It highlights the secret relationship of users, which does not exist in real data. The proposed framework consists of two major parts. Firstly, users’ cooccurrence based on the mutual location in a specific time frame is computed and inferred as social ties. Results are investigated based upon the cooccurrence count, the gap time threshold values, and mutual friend count values. Secondly, the detail about direct connections is collected and cross-related to the inferred results using Precision and Recall evaluation measures. In the later part of the research, we examine the false-positive results methodically by studying the human cooccurrence patterns to identify hidden relationships using a social activity. The outcomes indicate that the proposed approach achieves comprehensive results that further support the theory of suspicious ties.