Cellular Mobile Telephone Research Articles

Wireless control process technical exploitation facility

Abstract In the article presents issues related to the control for which wireless is utilized in object technology. During the tests performed the technical parameters were determined the quality of control the object of the mobile cellular telephone system. It also analyzes the impact of the delay time of signal transmission control on the technical parameters of the object.

Secure and quality-of-service-supported service-oriented architecture for mobile cloud handoff process

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) combines the features of mobile computing, cloud computing, and wireless networks to create the healthy computational resources to mobile cloud users. The aim of MCC is to execute the highly attractive mobile applications on a plethora of mobile cellular telephones, with highly rich user experience. From the perspective of mobile computing, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning depends on the efficiency of the handoff process. Thus, it is highly important to introduce an energy efficient and secure handoff process to improve the performance. In this paper, we propose a Secure Seamless Fast Handoff (SSFH) scheme to improve the energy efficiency and the QoS in the MCC. The proposed scheme consists of four layers: application layer, service layer, infrastructure layer, and media layer. These four layers collectively handle the security, energy-efficiency, and the QoS. Existing service-oriented architectures designed for the MCC are based on the symmetric encryption protocols to support the application layer. However, it is much easier for an adversary to expose the symmetric key and gain access to the confidential data. The application layer is secured using a combination of both attribute-based encryption and an asymmetric encryption cryptography. To extend the mobile lifetime, energy detection (ED) model is deployed at the infrastructure layer to detect the energy level of the mobile devices prior to the pre-registration process. Furthermore, a dual authentication process is performed on the service and at the application layer to minimize the possibility of identity-high jacked or impersonation attack. The media layer supports the secure handoff process using policy enforcement module that allows only legitimate users to complete the re-registration process after initiating the handoff. Thus, a significant amount of the bandwidth and energy could be preserved. Finally, the secure service-oriented architecture is programmed using C++ platform and the results are compared with other well-known existing service-oriented architectures. The experimental results confirm the validity and the effectiveness of our proposed architecture.

Cellular Mobile Telephony in Nepal

This paper examines the adoption of cellular mobile telephony at the district level and the mobile subscription growth rate at the national level in Nepal. The findings suggest that districts that are characterized by higher per capita income, population density, and usage of electricity have higher adoption levels of mobile telephony. Positive spatial autocorrelation as well as positive feedback and spillover effects are observable with reference to mobile service adoption. At the national level, the mobile subscription growth rate is positive and mobile telephony subscription should grow in the short-run.

Tracking domestic ducks: A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission

Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System (GPS) locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) cellular telephone system. For the first time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide direct, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our findings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for future telemetry studies in poultry network analyses.

INFORMATION SECURITY IN IP TELEPHONY

The development of the information society is inextricably linked with the process of globalization, so the resulting security problems must be closely linked with the global changes. There is a growing role of information security of the individual. Increasing importance of security of the state and society. The purpose of this article is to consider the possible threat of an IP-telephony to the information security community. The article draws upon the scientific and journalistic publications, analysis of materials for the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation, the analysis of potential threats to information due to the development and distribution of IP-telephony, given way to prevent phishing attacks. The conclusion of the article is the assumption that protection involves not only the development of measures for the security of IP-telephony, and outputs to external communication channels, such as mobile cellular communications and public telephone networks. As part of the state of information security strategy must be to switch to the production of new software and technology, the formation of a new and innovative work culture, employment and social culture of each individual.

Nobel Approach of Power Feeding for Cellular Mobile Telephony Base Station Site: Hybrid Energy System

The problem of providing energy to remotely located systems is a serious concern for the telecom industry, specially powering the mobile telephony towers in rural areas, which lacks quality grid power supply. The feasible solution looks to be in the form of omnipresent and technically viable alternative renewable energy based stand alone hybrid system. In order to meet sustained load demands during varying natural conditions, different energy sources and converters need to be integrated with each other. This paper presents and explores the possibility of putting hybrid energy system for powering cellular mobile base station sites. Looking at Indian weather conditions, the most feasible configuration is the stand alone PV/Wind Hybrid Energy System with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site. This system will be more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator based systems in near future.

The Use of New Communications Technologies to Evaluate and Intervene in Substance Use Disorders.

The widespread availability of high speed, mobile cellular telephones and other advances in communication technology have the potential to change the way that interventions for substance use disorders (SUD) are delivered and how progress is monitored. This article reviews recent research on the use of new technology to monitor progress and deliver interventions for SUD. Several studies of telephone-based interventions show positive effects, but sometimes only in certain subgroups. However, other studies produced negative results. Studies support the use of interactive voice response (IVR) and personal digital assistants (PDAs) to conduct assessments, but there is little data on whether IVR- or PDA-based interventions improve outcomes. Text messaging has received comparatively little research, but appears promising as a means to conduct assessments and deliver automated interventions. Finally, smartphone technology provides the widest range of features and interventions and the greatest flexibility, but few intervention studies that use them have been conducted.

Total Factor Productivity, Demographic Traits and ICT: Empirical Analysis for Asia

This paper advances a model to explain the total factor productivity in Asian countries, most of which are labor surplus and are endowed with substantial human capital. Such promising demographic potentials are considered as complementary factors to use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Population with such favorable demographic traits and access to ICT results in higher Total factor productivity (TFP). We call this as Demo-Tech-TFP Model and is tested by using data for 2000-2010 of 24 Asian countries. Econometric concerns like presence of endogenous and/or predetermined covariates and small time-series and cross-sectional dimensions of panel dataset are tackled by using System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM). Results show considerable support for the Demo-Tech-TFP hypothesis. Need is to design such models that suit the local demography and patterns of technological diffusion currently taking place in developing countries.Keywords: Information and communication technology (ICT), Total Factor Productivity (TFP), Demographic features, Generalized Method of MomentsIntroductionFrom pre-historic times man has under- taken to store, recollect, and process infor- mation as a source of value. Starting from image carving in stone walls to today's digi- tal technology, the information is handled in a number of ways [24]. The ICT revolution is crucial insofar as it involves technologies geared to the production and dissemination of knowledge and information. These new technologies, that first emerged in the 1950s and then really took off with the advent of the Internet, have breath-taking potential [15]. ICT has affected agriculture, industry and services sectors of economies world over like no other technology in past [2]. Terms like information economy, digital economy, e-economy, weightless economy, paperless economy have been floated over the last 3 decades to term this readily evolving kind of economy. For instance, one of the pioneering works in this regard was a report by [35]. Later, during mid-90s term 'New Economy' was introduced to represent the marvelous growth in software industry in US.In his famous treatise, 'Major Economic Cy- cles', [30] has pointed out the existence of tides of surging economic activity. These economic cycles are called as 'Kondratiev Waves'. There is growing consensus that the rise of 'New economy' during 1990s and the burst of the 'dotcom' bubble in 2001 can be the 5th Kondratiev Wave and the stimulus behind it is ICT [30].2 ICT in Asian RegionAsia as one of the densely populated regions of the world has shown high demand for ICT products after the falling prices of ICT equipment during the last quarter of 20th cen- tury. Policy reforms of deregulation and pri- vatization in Asian countries like India, Paki- stan, China and Indonesia and has enabled the spread of ICT [39].A dataset of 24 countries is included in em- pirical analysis for the time span 2000-2010 depending on the availability of data. The chosen indicators are fixed broadband inter- net subscribers (FBBS), fixed internet sub- scribers per 100 inhabitants (FIS), internet users per 100 inhabitants (INTU), fixed tele- phone lines per 100 inhabitants (FTL), in- formation & communication technology maturation index (ICTMI), internet users per 100 inhabitants (INTU) and mobile cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (MBLC). ICTMI (Information and Commu- nication Technology Maturation Index) is in- spired from Information and Communication Development Index (IDI) in [42] 'Measuring Information Society' published by Interna- tional Telecommunication Union (ITU).3 Literature SurveyStudies at macroeconomics level showing the impact of demographic factors and ICT on TFP are, to our knowledge, scarce. [20] ex- plore the ICT-productivity relationship in Spanish firms. Their innovation was to intro- duce a set of organizational variables (work- ers' qualifications, management attitude and process innovation) which would support the ICT to have its impact on organizational productivity. …

The Impact of Information and Communication Technology Availability on Economic Growth

This study studies the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) availability on economic growth in different countries and regions of the world. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between growth rate of real GDP per capita and ICT access index (as measured by the fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, mobile cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, international internet bandwidth per Internet user, proportion of households with a computer and proportion of households with Internet access at home) for 142 countries over the world. This study also finds that ICT access in the high income group has a higher effect on economic growth than other groups. This implies that if these countries seek to enhance their economic growth, they need to implement specific policies that facilitate ICT access.

Fuzzy-Based Assessment of Health Hazards of a Reference Antenna

This paper discusses briefly a fuzzy-based assessment of health hazard due to electromagnetic radiation. The RF electromagnetic fields, out of the measurement points, were calculated by the developed software based on fuzzy logic. The electric and magnetic field components of RF radiation value at any point can be compared with national/international standards and limits easily using this software. There is currently a general consensus in the scientific and standards community that the most significant parameter, in terms of biologically relevant effects of human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, specific absorption rate is the specific energy absorption rate in tissue, a quantity properly averaged in time and space and expressed in watts per kilogram. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers recognizes that there is public concern regarding the safety of exposure to the radio frequency and microwave fields from hand-held, portable, and mobile cellular telephones. International organizations have established guidelines for human exposure to radio frequency energy. While these guidelines differ in some respects, their limits in the frequency range used by wireless communications devices are broadly similar. The consensus of the scientific community, as reflected in these exposure guidelines, is that exposure to RF energy within the recommended limits stated in these guidelines is safe. However, there is a scientific discontinuity in view of health hazards. In this study, a fuzzification/defuzzification method of the discontinuity problem makes the “soft” boundaries between hazardous regions and non-hazardous regions. In future studies, more sophisticated fuzzy methods should be tested for more realistic solutions.

Improvement of Memory Effects and ACPR of Power Amplifiers in CDMA Cellular Mobile and OFDM WLAN Transmitters

In this article, improvement of the memory effects and adjacent channel interference introduced by the nonlinearity of the power amplifier in the both Code division multiple access (CDMA) and Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based (OFDM) transmitters is evaluated through Feedforward linearization method. For CDMA system, more than 17.27 dB increasing in OIP3 is and at least 25 dB improvement in adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is obtained. For OFDM system, achieved improvement through Feedforward linearization method is at least 39.03 dB in third output intercept point (OIP3 ), more than 26.6 dB in ACPR and 5.44 dB in peak-to- average ratio. It is observed that the designed Feedforward circuit can efficiently improve the nonlinearity caused by memory effects and saturation of the power amplifiers of CDMA cellular mobile telephony and OFDM wireless local area network (WLAN) transmitters.

Changes in antioxidant capacity of blood due to mutual action of electromagnetic field (1800 MHz) and opioid drug (tramadol) in animal model of persistent inflammatory state

BackgroundThe biological effects and health implications of electromagnetic field (EMF) associated with cellular mobile telephones and related wireless systems and devices have become a focus of international scientific interest and world-wide public concern. It has also been proved that EMF influences the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues. MethodsExperiments were performed in healthy rats and in rats with persistent inflammatory state induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) injection, which was given 24h before EMF exposure and drug application. Rats were injected with CFA or the same volume of paraffin oil into the plantar surface of the left hind paw. Animals were exposed to the far-field range of an antenna at 1800MHz with the additional modulation which was identical to that generated by mobile phone GSM 1800. Rats were given 15min exposure, or were sham-exposed with no voltage applied to the field generator in control groups. Immediately before EMF exposure, rats were injected intraperitoneally with tramadol in the 20mg/kg dose or vehicle in the 1ml/kg volume. ResultsOur study revealed that single EMF exposure in 1800MHz frequency significantly reduced antioxidant capacity both in healthy animals and those with paw inflammation. A certain synergic mode of action between applied electromagnetic fields and administered tramadol in rats treated with CFA was observed. ConclusionsThe aim of the study was to examine the possible, parallel/combined effects of electromagnetic radiation, artificially induced inflammation and a centrally-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug, tramadol, (used in the treatment of severe pain) on the antioxidant capacity of blood of rats. The antioxidant capacity of blood of healthy rats was higher than that of rats which received only tramadol and were exposed to electromagnetic fields.

A Study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Due to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Wireless/Telecommunication in Bangladesh

In the work exposure to the non-ionizing electro-magnetic radiation from some mobile cellular telephone operators and radio, TV and radar antennas of Bangladesh has been investigated. The mobile telephone operators considered were City cell, Grameenphone, Aktel and BanglaLink. The radio operators studied were 17 in number and all of them were sub stations of Bangladesh Radio. The TV antennas were all of BTV. Together with it 4 radar stations were also studied. The frequency range covered in the investigation is 800 MHz to 2800 MHz. Calculations were done for specific absorption rate (SAR) and consequent rise of temperature in human tissues. Maximum power density value (for far field) observed is that for the BanglaLink operator (= 1.27x10-6 W/m2). SAR values and the corresponding temperature rise were calculated for the eye, brain and nerve tissues exposed to RF fields, for the general public and occupational workers of Bangladesh for each of the mobile operators. Among the tissues, eye showed the highest and nerves the lowest SAR values. Of all the 4 operators Grameenphone possesses the highest SAR values (approximately 1.6 W/kg), still remaining within the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and other safety limits (= 1.6 W/kg). Upto 960 MHz of frequency the mobile operators of Bangladesh show higher SAR values compared to those of the literature. The RF radiation studied does not pose any health hazard for the general public. Temperature rise in 6 minutes time as a consequence of absorption of RF radiation from mobile operators is of the range 0.022 K to 0.763 K

Are Radio Frequency or Cell Phone Fields Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans? [Health Effects

The public domain and scientific community'sresponse to the recent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announcement that, while incomplete and limited, the evidence is sufficiently strong to support a classification of possibly carcinogenic to humans for RF electromagnetic fields was mixed, to say the least. Although IARCs conclusion was not entirely unanimous, it acknowledged published scientific papers reporting an increased risks for gliomas (a type of malignant brain cancer) and acoustic neuromas (a nonmalignant tumor of the auditory nerve on the side of the brain) among heavy or long-term users of cellular mobile telephones [1]-[3].

Mobile cellular telephones and children

The Journal is the primary organ of Continuing Paediatric Medical Education in Sri Lanka. The journal also has a website. Free full text access is available for all readers.The Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is now indexed in SciVerse Scopus (Source Record ID 19900193609), Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region (IMSEAR), CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Global Health Database), DOAJ and is available in Google, as well as Google Scholar.The policies of the journal are modelled on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines on Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is recognised by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) as a publication following the ICMJE Recommendations.

Are Cell Phones or Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans? [Telecommunications Health and Safety

Notwithstanding the recent classification of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields, including those employed by cellular mobile telephones, as possibly carcinogenic to humans, the question of whether there could be some cancer risk associated with use of cell phones remain confused and ever more controversial.

The Curious Case of the IARC Working Group on Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Cell Phones [Health Effects

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced on 31 May 2011 that it has classified radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs), including those employed by cellular mobile telephones, as possibly carcinogenic to humans [1]. This implies that there could be some cancer risk associated with the use of cell phones.

The peculiar circumstances of the iarc working group on radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and cellular telephones [telecommunications health & safety

An International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group reviewed hundreds of scientific articles, and then reached the conclusion that current evidence is sufficiently strong to support a classification of possibly carcinogenic to humans for radio-frequency electromagnetic fields including those employed by cellular mobile telephones. It is curious to note that just days before the working group was scheduled to convene for a week, an invited participant was removed from the panel of experts for "possible perception of conflict of interest," but another (a sole proprietor of a consulting firm) was allowed to stay.

Computer Application Of Object Oriented Database Management Systems

Object Oriented Systems (OOS) have been widely adopted in software engineering because of their superiority with respect to data extensibility. The present trend in the software engineering process (SEP) towards concurrent computing raises novel concerns for the facilities and technology available in database management systems for data representation suitable in a distributed computing environment that will maximize the productivity of software designs r elative to costs. This paper highlights the need for object - oriented database management systems and mechanism of OOS applicable in the SEP. The mobile cellular telephone has been used as a simple example to illustrate the method.Key Words: Object -Oriented, Database , Management , Systems, Computer , Application. Software and Engineering.

An Empirical Assessment of Service Quality of Cellular Mobile Telephone Operators in Pakistan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensions of users’ perceived service quality of cellular mobile telephone operators in Pakistan.Research design / methodology: A structured questionnaire, covering SERVQUAL dimensions of tangible, reliability, assurance, empathy, responsiveness, and additional dimensions of network quality and convenience, was used to measure mobile phone users’ perception about service quality. Convenience sample of 800 mobile phone users was used to collect the data. Confirmatory factor and multiple regression analysis were conducted.Finding: The adapted SERVQUAL with additional dimensions was found to be a valid instrument to measure service quality in mobile phone services. The dimensions of tangible, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, convenience, and network quality found to have positive and statistically significant relationship with mobile phone users’ perceived service quality. Convenience and network quality dimensions found to be relatively most important dimensions affecting users’ perception. The dimension of reliability did not reflect significant effect on customers’ perception of quality.Research limitations/implications: Convenience sample was used to measure mobile phone users’ perception of service quality. Practical implications: SERVQUAL is a valid instrument to measure service quality in cellular mobile telephone operators in Pakistan. Inclusion of additional dimensions and items make it more comprehensive for application in telecommunication services. The dimensions of network quality, convenience, and reliability are important aspects that need managerial attention to attract and retain customers. The regulators in telecommunication industry should take appropriate measure to include these dimensions in undertaking objective assessment of quality of service of cellular mobile telephone operators in Pakistan in safeguarding customers’ interest.Originality/value: Few studies on cellular mobile phone users’ perception of service quality using SERVQUAL, and additional dimensions of convenience and network quality has been carried out in Pakistan. The current study has improved the understanding of mobile phone users’ perception of quality for mobile phone operators, and regulators, beside its practical implications for telecommunication industry in Pakistan. Key Words: Customer service quality, SERVQUAL, Mobile communication service, Pakistan