MO Group Research Articles

72 EFFECT OF RICE CEREAL FORTIFIED WITH ELECTROLYTIC IRON ON INFANT IRON STATUS

To determine whether cereal fortified with electrolytic iron contributes to infant iron nutrition, 3 groups of 100 spontaneously weaned infants (SW) were randomly assigned at 4 mo to 1) formula w/o Fe but cereal w/Fe (45 mg/100g). 2) formula and cereal w/o Fe (negative control) and 3) formula w/Fe (12 mg/lt of FeSO4) and cereal w/o Fe (positive control). Additionally, 200 breast fed (BF) infants were randomized to 4) cereal w/Fe or 5) cereal w/o Fe. The targeted cereal consumption of 24-30 g/day was reached at 5-7 mo. At 8 and 12 mo groups 1 & 3 showed significantly better iron status than the negative control (group 2), with no difference between 1 and 3. The fortified BF group (4) reached significant advantage at 12 mo (Hgb 12.2±0.8 g/dl vs 11.7±0.9 g/dl, p<.05). Rice cereal fortified with electrolytic iron consumed at 24 to 30 g daily from 4 mo of age provides sufficient bioavui1ablc iron to prevent iron deficiency anemia during the first year of life.

Polymer-supported Mo and V cyclohexene epoxidation catalysts: Activation, activity, and stability

The immobilisation of MoO 2acac 2 and VOacac 2 on a polystyrene support carrying a hydroxypropylated aminomethylpyridine ligand occurs via a ligand exchange reaction involving displacement of the acetylacetonate (acac) groups. In the case of the molybdenum species, the resulting blue polymer complex contains both MoO and MoOMo groups and immobilised ligand-metal bonds. Activation of the resulting complexes to form bright yellow species by pretreatment with excess t-butyl hydroperoxide is required before the supported complexes can become active catalysts for the epoxidation of cyclohexene by t-butyl hydroperoxide. In situ activation does not occur. It is believed that in the case of molybdenum activation involves oxidation of Mo(V) to new supported Mo(VI) species and that this is inhibited in the presence of alkene. Both polymer-immobilised Mo and V systems are catalysts of the epoxidation reaction, but the Mo-based system is considerably more active. Epoxidation reactions are characterised by an induction period followed by a relatively long linear conversion/time relationship. The induction period is probably associated with formation of the reactive intermediate which constitutes the true catalytic species, and this probably involves the reaction of the immobilised Mo(VI) complex with cyclohexene or traces of its epoxide. Polymer complexes subjected to more severe activation conditions display shorter induction periods and faster rates of epoxidation as a result of formation of more Mo(VI) centres. Additional Mo(VI) centres do not appear to be generated during epoxidation reactions. Mo and V are leached from their supports during activation. More severe activation conditions cause more metal leaching but the amounts lost are small (always < 1.6%). The supported Mo complex remains an active catalyst when recycled up to nine times. Apart from an initial small drop, the activity remains essentially constant on reuse. Mo is also leached during epoxidations but the leached species make no significant contribution as catalyst-immobilised complexes are the active catalysts. The amounts of Mo leached are small (<0.4% per cycle) and fall progressively to essentially zero after nine cycles. The immobilised Mo complex offers the prospect of a technologically useful alkene epoxidation catalyst for continuous liquid phase oxidations using t-butyl hydroperoxide.

Age-related Properties of Medial Collateral Ligament and Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Morphologic and Collagen Maturation Study in the Rabbit

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from New Zealand white rabbits ages 2, 12, and 36 mos were resected and utilized for analysis by light microscopy and electron microscopy, as well as for determinations of water content, collagen concentration, collagen crosslink (i.e., reducible, nonreducible) analysis, and collagen synthesis rates in vitro. Both modes of microscopy revealed substantial differences between the various age groups. Water content, as well as collagen concentration, decreased significantly from the 2-mo to the 12- or 36- mo groups. The concentration of the reducible crosslinks, associated with less mature tissue, was significantly greater in the younger tissues relative to the aged tissues. The nonreducible crosslink increased with maturation of the collagen in the 36-mo rabbits. Collagen synthesis rates fell from a highest value in the 2-mo group to the lowest in the 36-mo group.

Age-dependent changes in thiamin concentrations in whole blood and cerebrospinal fluid in infants and children

We determined pediatric age-specific normative ranges for total, phosphorylated, and nonphosphorylated thiamin in whole blood (n = 323) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; n = 208). Whole-blood total thiamin decreased from 258 +/- 63 (mean +/- SD; age 0-3 mo group) to 214 +/- 44 nmol/L (age 3-12 mo group) in the first year of life and was stable at 187 +/- 39 nmol/L after 12 mo of age. The overall decline in whole-blood total thiamin was mainly due to a drop in phosphorylated thiamin, the biologically active form. Mean CSF total thiamin decreased from 135 +/- 42 (age 0-9-mo group) to 107 +/- 34 nmol/L (age 9-18-mo group) in the first 1.5 y of life and was stable at 84 +/- 51 nmol/L thereafter. This overall decline was due initially to a drop in nonphosphorylated thiamin and later to a drop in phosphorylated thiamin. The changes in whole blood and CSF occurred independently and probably represent metabolic and neurological maturation of the infant. Whole-blood total and phosphorylated thiamin concentrations were lower in blacks only after pubarche. Age-specific norms should be used for determining the thiamin status in infancy because thiamin concentrations are significantly higher in the first few months of life.

A comparison of the solid-state structures of four crystallographically independent molecules of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dioxodimolybdenum(VI) oxide, [Cp*MoO 2] 2O

Two previously undisclosed polymorphs of [Cp*MoO 2] 2O have been crystallographically characterized: 1: monoclinic, P2 1/ n, a 8.145(4), b 9.193(3), c 15.263(5) Å, β 93.61 (3)°, V 1140.9(8) Å 3, Z = 2, R( F) = 4.78%; II, monoclinic, P2 1/ n, a 9.434(3), b 16.872(5), c 14.157(4) Å, β 97.19 (2)°, V 2235.7 (12) Å 3, Z = 4, R( F = 4.39%. A third polymorph ( III, Z = 6) has recently been reported in two independent accounts [J.W. Faller and Y. Ma, J. Organomet. Chem., 340 (1980) 59; P. Leoni, M. Pasquali, L. Salsini, C. di Burgno. D. Braga and P. Sabatino, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., (1989) 155]. The existence of three polymorphs with four independent molecules containing six crystallographically independent, but chemically identical, Cp*Mo groups creates an unusual opportunity to examine the ranges of intramolecular bond parameters. Such knowledge is essential to a discussion of the extent to which intermolecular (crystal packing) factors affect these parameters. The MgOMo angle is found to vary from strict linearity (in 1 and II) to 172.7(3)° (in II). The range of terminal MoO distances exceeds the entire ranges seen in all previously known Mo(VI) structures containing MoO bonds.

Infrared spectroscopic study of O ? 2 on the surface of Cr2O3: the effect of surface pretreatment

Adsorption of oxygen (at 298–673 K) on the Cr2O3 surface was studied by IR spectroscopy. It was shown that the nature of the adsorbed species depends on the oxide pretreatment conditions. Adsorption of oxygen at 298 K on the oxide, pretreated in vacuo at a high temperature (773 K) is accompanied by formation of the molecular form of the adsorbed oxygen type σ-O–2. On the surface of oxide reduced in CO at 673 K for 4 h, adsorption of oxygen leads to formation of various MO groups (M is metal).

Prostate Tumour Markers as an Aid in the Staging of Prostatic Cancer

Serum acid phosphatase activity (ACP), prostate specific phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were measured in 100 patients with prostatic cancer. The patients were divided into 4 groups: T1-2 MO, T3-4 MO and M1 patients with less than or equal to 10 or greater than 10 metastatic foci in bone scintigraphy. The mean serum ACP levels were almost identical in the T1-2 MO and T3-4 MO groups and there was no significant difference between the mean PAP values. Significantly higher PSA levels were observed in the MO patients in the extracapsular category compared with those in the intracapsular category. The mean serum levels of all 3 tumour markers were significantly higher in the M1 than in the MO category. PSA seems to be the marker of choice as a diagnostic aid for differentiating between patients with intracapsular and those with extracapsular tumour growth. In prostatic cancer patients with bone metastases these markers were of similar value for staging the disease.

The Immunogenicity of Hemophilus influenzae Type B Polysaccharide--Neisseria meningitidis Group B Outer Membrane Protein Complex Vaccine in Infants and Young Children

Hemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis group B outer membrane protein complex vaccine was administered in a single dose to 38 children ages 24-53 mo (group 1) and to 78 children ages 12-23 mo (group 2) and in two doses to 84 children ages 2-11 mo (group 3). The geometric mean concentration of the capsular antibody before and after the vaccine regimen, respectively, were 0.35 microgram/ml and 12.59 micrograms/ml in group 1, 0.18 microgram/ml and 4.79 microgram/ml in group 2, and 0.15 microgram/ml and 3.80 micrograms/ml in group 3. After completing the vaccine regimen, concentrations of capsular antibody were greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml in 199 (99.5%) of the 200 children and greater than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml in 168 (84%) of the children. There were no serious and few minor adverse reactions to the vaccine. This vaccine is immunogenic in infants and young children.

Nitridokomplexe von Molybdän(V); Synthesen, IR- und EPR-Spektren. Die Kristallstruktur von [Na(15-Krone-5)Na(THF)]2[MoNCl3 ·THF]4·2THF / Nitrido Complexes of Molybdenum(V); Syntheses, IR, and EPR Spectra. Crystal Structure of [Na(15-Crown-5)Na(THF)]2[MoNCl3·THF]4·2THF

The molybdenum nitrido complexes [Na(15-crown-5)][MoNCl3] (1), [Na(15-crown-5)]2[MoNCl4] (2), and [Na(15-crown-5)Na(THF)]2[MoNCl3·THF]4·2THF (3) have been prepared by reactions of MoNCl3 with sodium naphthalide in tetrahydrofurane (THF) in the presence of 15-crown-5. According to the EPR spectra and in agreement with the IR spectra, 1 forms dimeric ions [MoNCl3]2 2~ via chloro bridges, whereas tetrameric units [MoNCl4]4 8~ and [MoNCl3 · THF]4 4~ are present in 2 and 3, respectively. 3 was characterized by an X-ray structure determination: space group P21/c, Z = 2, 1964 observed unique reflexions, R = 0.12. Lattice dimensions at —90 °C: a = 1173(1); b = 2083(3); c = 1750(2) pm; β = 112.3(7)°. The structure consists of an ensemble of associated ions around the central [MoNCl3 ·THF]4 4~ unit. In the latter, the four Mo atoms form a square and are bridged via linear, asymmetric Mo=N—Mo groups. The (MoN)4 square is enclosed in a cube of eight Cl atoms, the Mo atoms occupying four of the cube edges. Two Na+ ions are situated in the centres of two opposing cube faces, each of the other two Na+ ions is coordinated with two Cl atoms outside of the cube; these Na+ ions are also coordinated with one THF molecule and with one 15-crown-5 molecule, respectively. The crystal also contains non-coordinated THF molecules, which exhibit strong thermal motion and/or disorder.

Hemorrhagic shock complicated by chronic ethanolism.

To evaluate the effects of chronic ethanolism on responses to hemorrhagic shock (HS), 24 dogs were fed a diet mixed with 3 g/kg ethanol (ETOH) for 3 mo (group 1, n = 12) and 9 mo (group 2, n = 12); 12 dogs were fed a regular diet with no alcohol. Blood alcohol level 2-3 h after food consumption was 116 +/- 10 mg/100 ml. On the experimental day, both ETOH-treated and ETOH-free dogs were divided into two subgroups, one for HS [mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 30 mmHg for 2 h] and one for observation during anesthesia. Chronic ethanolism altered cardiocirculatory function (increased MAP, arterial lactate, and hematocrit and decreased cardiac output, stroke work, and pancreatic blood flow) regardless of the length of time ETOH was consumed. HS impaired cardiovascular performance regardless of ETOH consumption. However, coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen delivery, extraction, and consumption were significantly higher in the ETOH-treated compared with ETOH-free dogs after 2 h of shock. Cardiocirculatory dysfunction after fluid resuscitation from shock in the ETOH group was not related to inadequate coronary perfusion, metabolic acidosis, or cardiac hypertrophy. An increased total myocardial tissue calcium content in the ETOH group suggests that ETOH-mediated changes in calcium homeostasis contribute to cardiac contractile dysfunction in the trauma subject who chronically consumes alcohol.

Novel physical and chemical properties of acyclic, conjugated dienes coordinated to Cp'Mo(NO) groups [Cp' = .eta.5-C5H5 (Cp) or .eta.5-C5Me5 (Cp*)

Novel physical and chemical properties of acyclic, conjugated dienes coordinated to Cp'Mo(NO) groups [Cp' = .eta.5-C5H5 (Cp) or .eta.5-C5Me5 (Cp*)

Infrared study of the thermal decomposition of heteropolyacids of the series H3+xPMo12–xVxO40

F.t.i.r. spectroscopy has been used for the study of dehydration of heteropolyacids (HPA) of the series H3+xPMo12–xVxO40 carried out in vacuo at 298–673 K and also for the study of ammonia sorption on the same samples. Pumping at room temperature results in the departure of water of crystallization; the protons, which form H5O+2 ions in the hydrated samples, are involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the HPA anions (Keggin units) characterized by a band at 3250 cm–1. The intensity of this band progressively decreases with increasing temperature of outgassing, indicating the departure of the ‘water of constitution’. No bands were present for OH groups that were not involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds. Within the range 400–1100 cm–1 the bands characteristic of Keggin unit vibrations were observed. The substitution of Mo by V atoms results in the shift of most of these to lower frequencies. The formation of hydrogen bonds influences most strongly the vibrations of MoO groups, hence these terminal oxygen atoms are involved in the formation of such bonds. Ammonia is sorbed in the form of NH+4 ions, thus confirming the presence of Brønsted-acid sites. No coordinatively bound ammonia was observed. Formation of NH+4 ions influences most strongly the vibrations of MoO and Mo—Ob—Mo groups, but the Mo—Oc—Mo groups (Ob is an oxygen atom at the common apex of two [MoO6] octahedra, Oc is an oxygen atom at the common edge of two [MoO6] octahedra) indicating the position of NH+4 ion in the immediate vicinity of three terminal and three Ob atoms.

Synthese und Kristallstruktur von (PPh4)2[Mo2(O2C—Ph)4Cl4] · 2 CH2Cl2, einem Komplex mit Mo≡Mo-Bindung / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (PPh4)2[Mo2(O2C —Ph)4Cl4] ·2 CH2Cl2, a Complex with Mo≡Mo Bonding

The title compound has been prepared from (PPh4)2[Mo2(O2C-Ph)4Cl2] and CCl4 in CH2Cl2 solution as moisture sensitive crystals, which are black in reflexion and yellow in transmission. (PPh4)2[Mo2(O2C-Ph)4Cl4] · 2 CH2Cl2 was characterized by a X-ray crystal structure determination (7873 observed independent reflexions. R = 0.048). It crystallizes in the space group P1̄ with one formula unit in the unit cell; the lattice constants are a = 1186.4; b = 1404.0; c = 1451.0 pm; α = 61.98°; β = 78.91°; γ = 78.26°. The structure consists of PPh4 ⊕ ions. CH2Cl2 molecules and centrosymmetric anions [Mo2(O2C-Ph)4Cl4]2⊝ containinga molybdenum d3 d3 unit with a relatively long Mo=Mo bond of 249.6 pm. The Mo≡Mo group is spanned in a chelate manner by four O atoms of two benzoate groups and by two further single O atoms of two further benzoate groups. Two terminal Cl atoms on each Mo atom complete the pentagonal bipyramidal coordination spheres about the Mo atoms.

Tumour Markers in Prostatic Carcinoma. A Comparison of Prostate‐specific Antigen with Acid Phosphatase

A study was performed on 130 men to compare the level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in controls, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and patients with prostatic carcinoma. The results showed that all 30 normal controls below 40 years of age had values less than 10 ng/ml. Of the 40 patients with BPH, all aged over 40 years, 13 (32.5%) had raised levels above 10 ng/ml. In the 60 patients with prostatic carcinoma, all over 40 years, 24 had localised disease (MO) and 36 had metastatic spread (M1), as judged by isotope bone scan. In patients with MO disease, 16 (66.6%) had raised PSA levels compared with 34 (94.5%) of those with M1 disease. The corresponding figures for raised prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) values were 4% in the MO group and 52.7% in the M1 group. PSA levels reflected neither the histological grade nor the local stage of the tumour and were of no value in estimating tumour burden. PSA was found to be a valuable index in the management of prostatic cancer because of this sensitivity. Stable disease not requiring hormonal manipulation was reflected by unchanging levels of PSA, whereas progressive disease requiring hormonal therapy was reflected by an alteration in the PSA levels corresponding to the patients' response. The same group of progressive disease patients showed only a 50% rise in serum PAP levels, confirming the greater sensitivity of PSA as a measure of prostate cancer. PSA measurements should be included in any further trials on prostatic carcinoma and should be regarded as a standard marker for evaluating response to therapy.

Comparison of Terumo Hollow Fiber Membrane and Harvey 1500 Bubble Oxygenators Using Red Cell Microrheology Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 79(2) p. 209–215, Summer 1987, 47 refs.) Seventy-three patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were prospectively randomized into two groups to compare the effect of membrane (Terumo hollow-fiber [MO]); versus bubble (Harvey 1500 [BO]) oxygenation on red blood cell (RBC) deformability. Comparison of blood trauma was done by measuring the red cell filtration rate (RFR) which reflects changes in RBC deformability. In patients with a high (&gt; 30 ul/sec) RFR before CPB, the M0-1 subgroup showed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower reductions of RFR during CPB compared to the B0-1 subgroup. In patients with a low (&lt; 30ul/sec) RFR before CPB, the M0-2 subgroup showed a significantly (p &lt; 0.01) lower loss of RFR compared to the B0-2 subgroup. The use of blood gas-estimations also revealed that hyperoxia was more frequent in the BO group. The frequency of normal pO2 levels (75-97 mmHg) at 30 min., 60 min. and 90 min. of CPB in the MO group was 65%, 43% and 77% compared to 22%, 11% and 11% (p &lt; 0.01) respectively in the BO group. The earliest significant RFR differences between the MO and BO groups could be detected at 30 minutes of CPB; differences in plasma hemoglobin reached significance after one hour of CPB. This study demonstrates a greater deleterious effect on red blood cells when a BO is used for CPB.

EFFECT OF OLIGOSACCHARIDE (OS) CHAIN LENGTH, TERMINAL GROUP, AND HAPTEN LOADING ON THE SERUM ANTIBODY (Ab) RESPONSE OF 1-YR-OLD INFANTS TO H. INFLUENZAE B CAPSULAR ANTIGEN (PRP) CONJUGATED TO THE DIPHTHERIA PROTEIN CRM197

Vaccines consisting of OS derived from PRP and conjugated by reductive amination to the nontoxic diphtheria mutant toxin CRM 197 (C) were previously shown to elicit memory-type serum anti-PRP responses in human infants. Here we seek to define structural variables that control the infant's response. In the coupled OS, the nonreducing (and hence exposed) terminal group can be ribitol (r), ribose (R), or phosphate (p). A series of r-terminal OS of mean length 4, 6, or 12 repeat units were coupled to C at ca. 10 ribose/protein, and OS of 12 repeat units terminating in R or p were coupled at ca. 30 ribose/protein. A 2-injection sequence was given to healthy infants aged 9-15 mo (groups of 8-10). Anti-PRP Ab was assayed by radioantigen binding; at 1 mo after the 2° the geometric means (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were:Series C4r, C6r, C12r (all at low hapten loading) induced similar titers regardless of OS chain length. C12R and C12p (both with high loadings) induced similar titers that were >10-fold the r series.

POLYRIBOSYLPHOSPHATE (PRP) REVACCINATION TO PREVENT INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE B (HIB) IN CHILDREN FIRST IMMUNIZED AT 18–20 MOS OF AGE

PRP vaccination (vax) of 18 mo old children at high risk for contracting invasive Hib disease is recommended by the ACIP. The timing of revax of such children has not been studied. Thus far, 30 children have been stratified according to their postvax anti-PRP antibody (Ab) level (determined by radioantigen binding assay) following PRP vax at 18-20 mo then sequentially assigned to 3 groups with comparable distribution of Ab levels to receive revax at 24, 30 or 36 mo of age; each group had children who had failed to respond to primary vax with PRP (<30% rise in Ab titer). The geometric mean titer +/- the standard deviation, the % responding to revax (>30% rise in Ab titer), and the % with presumed protective postvax Ab level (defined as >1.0 μg/ml)for each vaccine group were as follows:GMT's rose in both the 24-27 mo and the 30-33 mo groups; proportional rises were, as expected, more frequent in the latter. Adequate responses to revax were seen in some children who initially appeared to be “intrinsically” unresponsive to PRP vax.

Chemistry of polynuclear metal complexes with bridging carbene or carbyne ligands. Part 53. Alkylidyne(carbaborane)dimetal complexes with tungsten–molybdenum and –tungsten bonds; crystal structures of the compounds [MW(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)3(η5-C9H7)(η5-C2B9-H9Me2)][M = Mo (two isomers) or W

The salts [N(PPh3)2][W(CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2(η5-7,8-C2B9H9R2)](R = Me or H) and [M (CO)2(NCMe)2(η5-C9H7)][BF4](M = Mo or W, C9H7= indenyl) react in CH2Cl2 at ambient temperatures to give the dimetal compounds [MW(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)3(η5-C9H7)(η5-7,8-C2B9H9R2)](2a, M = Mo, R = Me; 2b, M = W, R = Me; 2c, M = Mo, R = H). X-Ray diffraction studies on (2a) and (2b) showed they were isostructural, with the metal–metal bonds bridged by the p-tolylmethylidyne group and by a three-centre two-electron B–H⇀M bond involving the carbaborane group ligating the tungsten atom. The tungsten atom carries two terminally bound CO groups while the other metal centre (2a, Mo; 2b, W) is bonded by one CO ligand and the indenyl group. Structural parameters for (2a) and (2b) are essentially identical; for (2a), Mo–W 2.657(2), µ-C–Mo 1.95(2), µ-C–W 2.03(l), B–µ-H 1.02, and µ-H–Mo 1.719 A. In toluene at 80 °C, compounds (2a) and (2b) isomerise. The isomerisation involves a polytopal rearrangement of the carbaborane ligand, thereby affording the species [MW(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)3(η5-C9H7)(η5-7,9-C2B9H9Me2)](3a, M = Mo; 3b,M = W). Compound (3a) was identified and structurally characterised by an X-ray diffraction study. Apart from migration of the carbon atoms within the carbaborane cage, (3a) retains the structural features of (2a) with the Mo–W bond [2.669(1)A] bridged by CC6H4Me-4 [µ-C–Mo 1.963(4), µ-C–W 2.056(4)A] and B–H⇀Mo [µ-H–Mo 1.93(3)A] groups. Treatment of (2a) with K[BH-(CHMeEt)3] followed by [N(PPh3)2]Cl gives the salt [N(PPh3)2][MoW{µ-CH(C6H4Me-4)}(CO)3(η5-C9H7)(η5-7,8-C2B9H9Me2)](4), with p-tolylmethylidene and B–H⇀Mo groups bridging the Mo–W bond. Reactions of the compounds (2) with PMe3 affords the complexes [MW(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)n(PMe3)(η5-C9H7)(η5-7,8-C2B9H9R2)](5a, M = Mo, R = Me, n= 3; 5b, M = W, R = Me, n= 3; 6, M = Mo, R = H, n= 2). Whereas in (5a) and (5b) the groups M(PMe3)(η5-C9H7) are present and exo-polyhedral B–H⇀M bonds are absent, in contrast, in (6) the PMe3 ligand is attached to the tungsten atom and a three-centre two-electron B–H⇀Mo linkage is present. The latter bridge system is also found in [W2(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2( PMe3)(η5-C9H7(η5-7,8-C2B9H9Me2)] which contains a W( PMe3)(η5-C9H7) group, and was prepared by displacing the ligand N2C(C6H4Me-4)2 from [W2(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2{(N2C(C6H4Me-4)2}(η5-C9H7)(η5-7,8-C2B9H9Me2)]. Treatment of (2a) with dmpm (Me2PCH2PMe2) gives the compound [MoW(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(µ-CO)(µ-dmpm)(CO)(η5-C9H7(η5-7,8-C2B9H9Me2)]. The n.m.r. data (1H, 13C-{1H}, 11B-{1H}, and 31P-{1H}) for the new complexes are reported, and discussed in relation to structures proposed or established by X-ray diffraction.

Glomerular injury in uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. A consequence of glomerular capillary hypertension.

Micropuncture and/or morphologic studies were performed in intact Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (group 0), intact spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (groups 1 and 5), uninephrectomized (UNX) WKY (groups 2 and 6), and UNX SHR (groups 3 and 4, 7 and 8). UNX was performed when rats were 5 wk of age. Groups 0-4 were observed for 34 wk after which whole kidney clearance and morphologic studies were performed. Groups 5-8 underwent micropuncture study at 10 wk of age. Groups 4 and 8 were fed a diet containing 6% protein. All other rats ingested standard laboratory diet. 5 wk after UNX, normotensive group 6 had higher single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and initial glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) than intact, hypertensive group 5. Glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (delta P) was similar in these two groups. Hypertensive group 7 exhibited less elevation in SNGFR and QA than group 6, but delta P was significantly increased. The presence of glomerular capillary hypertension in UNX SHR at 10 wk was associated with the development of significant proteinuria and an increased incidence of mesangial expansion and glomerular sclerosis at 7 mo (group 3) as compared with groups 0, 1, and 2. Protein restriction prevented the development of increased delta P in UNX SHR (group 8) and also conferred long-term protection from increased urinary protein excretion and glomerular injury (group 4). These studies suggest that glomerular capillary hypertension predisposes to glomerular injury in this model of hypertension with reduced renal mass.

Lipid composition and prostaglandin synthesis in mouse lung microsomes: alterations following the ingestion of menhaden oil.

Three groups of male mice were fed a normal diet or a semisynthetic diet containing either 10% hydrogenated coconut oil (CO group) or 10% menhaden oil (MO group) for two wk. The synthetic diet altered the fatty acid composition of lung microsomal lipids. Mice ingesting menhaden oil contained greater amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acids (22:6 n-3) and decreased amounts of n-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic and adrenic. Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha from exogenous arachidonic acid was significantly depressed in n-3 fatty acid-enriched lung microsomes. These studies indicated that dietary fish oil not only alters the fatty acid composition of lung microsomes but also lowers the capacity of lungs to synthesize prostaglandins from arachidonic acid.