Mn EDTA Research Articles

Understanding the chemistry of manganese fertilizers and glyphosate mixtures by using synchrotron X-ray spectrometry

The spraying of tank mixtures with manganese (Mn) and glyphosate is a practical alternative to alleviate nutritional deficiency while controlling weeds. Thereby, this study investigates the chemical interactions between glyphosate and commercial sources of Mn, such as MnSO4, Mn–phosphite, Mn–EDTA, Mn–glycine, and MnCO3. Nearly 30% of the Mn supplied as MnSO4 and Mn–glycine precipitated with glyphosate, yielding a Mn:glyphosate solid complex with molar ratio of nearly 2:1, both presenting similar chemical environment. XANES analysis of the supernatants indicate no formation of Mn–glyphosate soluble complexes. The use of Mn–EDTA as well as the maintenance of the mixture pH below 2.5 prevented precipitation, while pH above 7 caused the formation of MnO(OH). In conclusion, the Mn source and the pH of the mixtures matter. The absence of Mn–glyphosate soluble complexes suggests that dissolved Mn and glyphosate are still able to accomplish their functions, however, the precipitation significantly decreases their active availability.

Effect of Foliar Feeding of Gluconate and EDTA Chelated Plant Nutrients on Yield, Chlorophyll Content and Nitrate Reductase Enzyme of Bt Cotton under Rainfed Ecosystem of Marathawada

An experiment was conducted to find out the “Effect of foliar feeding of Gluconate and EDTA chelated plant nutrients on yield, Chlorophyll content and Nitrate reductase enzyme activity of Bt-cotton under rainfed ecosystem of Marathawada” at Department of Soil Science and Agril Chemistry, VNMKV, Parbhani. The experiment includes sixteen treatments viz,T1-control,T2-ZnGluconate, T3-Zn EDTA, T4-Mn gluconate, T5- Mn EDTA, T6- Cu Gluconate, T7- Cu EDTA, T8- FeGluconate ,T9- Fe EDTA, T10- CaGluconate, T11- Ca EDTA, T12-MgGluconate, T13-MgEDTA, T14- Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg Gluconate, T15-Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg EDTA and T16- Govt. grade II and replicated twice. The treatments were fertilized with 120:60:60 N,P2O5 and K2O Kg ha-1 .Micronutrient sprays of gluconate and EDTA chelated plant nutrients were applied to the crop at the time of flowering i.e. at 55 DAS and second spray was applied at the time of boll development stage i.e.at 75 DAS. The treatment T2 showed more number of bolls per plant followed by treatment T3. The maximum boll weight was observed with treatment Zn gluconate. Spraying of Zn gluconate, Zn EDTA and Fe and Mg gluconate nutrients have produced more seed cotton yield. Quantitative analysis of chlorophyll was done by using DMSO as an extractant. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in leaves also influenced significantly due to different foliar feeding. The highest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll was registered with the treatment Fe gluconate spray followed by Fe EDTA. Nitrate reductage and acid phosphate activity were improved by the application of T2 and was found to be significantly superior over control. This study was conducted under rainfed ecosystem.

Seed Yield and Quality of Transgenic High‐Oleic and Conventional Soybean as Influenced by Foliar Manganese Application

Manganese deficiency in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] reduces seed yield and alters the oil profile. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar Mn fertilizer on seed yield, protein and oil concentration, and the oil profile of transgenic high‐oleic soybean (‘Plenish’) and soybean with a normal oil profile (referred to here as “conventional”). Research trials were established in 2014 and 2015 at two locations in Ohio. Treatments included soybean cultivar (four to six Plenish cultivars and two conventional cultivars) and foliar Mn fertilizer application at the R3 soybean growth stage (none, Mn–SO4, and Mn–EDTA). In 2014, the Mn–SO4 application increased soybean seed yield by 140 kg ha‐1 at the Wood County location where soybean plants were deficient in Mn. Although Mn‐SO4 also supplies S, no S deficiencies were detected. At the other three site‐years, soybean seed yield was not affected by Mn application. Manganese application did not influence the oil or protein content of the soybean seed or alter the oil profile. The high‐oleic cultivars produced similar yield to the conventional cultivars at the Wood County location both years. In 2014 and 2015 at the Clark County location, the high‐oleic cultivars yielded 410 and 270 kg ha‐1 less than cultivars with a conventional oil profile, respectively. Plenish soybean cultivars did not need to be managed differently from the conventional soybean cultivars tested in terms of Mn foliar application.

Copper, cobalt and manganese: Modified hydrotalcite materials as catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia. The influence of manganese concentration

Hydrotalcites containing Cu, Co and Mn with varying manganese contents were prepared by co-precipitation. Manganese was also introduced into the catalysts via adsorption of an Mn–EDTA complex from an aqueous solution. The obtained samples were characterized by room- and high-temperature XRD, low-temperature nitrogen sorption, and FT–IR. Calcination of the catalysts at 500 °C resulted in the formation of mixed oxides with specific surface areas of 166–187 m2/g. The calcined samples were tested as catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia. It was found that the Mn content strongly influences the product selectivity in SCR–NH3. Mn–EDTA modified samples exhibited higher selectivity towards N2 than Mn hydrotalcites obtained by the co-precipitation method. A hydrotalcite sample containing 5.4 wt% of manganese showed the highest catalytic activity and the lowest selectivity to N2 at the same time. Les hydrotalcites contenant Cu, Co et Mn selon des teneurs variables en manganèse ont été préparés par la méthode de coprécipitation. Le manganèse a été également introduit dans les catalyseurs par adsorption du complexe Mn–EDTA à partir d’une solution aqueuse. Les échantillons obtenus ont été caractérisés par DRX à température ambiante et à haute température, ainsi que par sorption d’azote à basse température et FT–IR. La calcination des catalyseurs à 500 °C a entraîné la formation d’oxydes mixtes, avec des surfaces spécifiques de 166 à 187 m2/g. Les échantillons calcinés ont été testés en tant que catalyseurs pour la réduction sélective catalytique des NOx par l’ammoniac. Il a été constaté que la teneur en Mn influence fortement la sélectivité du produit dans la réaction SCR–NH3. Les échantillons de Mn–EDTA modifiés présentaient une sélectivité plus grande envers N2 que les hydrotalcites à base de Mn obtenus par la méthode de coprécipitation. L’échantillon d’hydrotalcite qui contenait 5,4 % en masse de manganèse a présenté en même temps l’activité catalytique la plus élevée et la sélectivité au N2 la plus basse.

Comparative studies on manganese-based SOD mimetics, including the phosphate effect, by using global spectral analysis

Stopped-flow measurements have been successfully combined with time-resolved UV/vis spectroscopy and global spectral analysis of superoxide decay for the comparative study of catalytic activity of putative manganese SOD (superoxide dismutase) mimetics known in the literature. The SOD activity of the studied complexes decreases in the following order: a) M40403>Mn(III)TM-4-PyP5+>Mn(II)pyane >>EUK-113 at pH 7.4 (M40403=([manganese(II)dichlorido{(4R,9R,14R,19R)-3,10,13,20,26-pentaazatetracyclo[20.3.1.0.4,9014,19]hexacosa-1(26),-22(23),24-triene}], Mn(III)TM-4-PyP5+=Mn(III)meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin, Mn(II)Pyane=Mn(II)trans-2,13-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,18-pentaazabicyclo[12.3.1]-octadeca-1(18),14,16-triene, EUK-113=[manganese(III)acetato(6,6′-((1E,1′E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenolate)]) in Hepes buffer (Hepes=4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid), b) Mn(III)TM-4-PyP5+>M40403≅Mn(II)pyane >>EUK-113 at pH 8.1 in Hepes buffer and c) Mn(III)TM-4-PyP5+≅Mn(II)pyane>MnCl2>M40403≅EUK-113 at pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer. MnCl2 in Hepes, Mn(III)TSPP3−, Mn(III)TBAP3−, Mn(III)acetate, Mn(II)lactate and Mn(II)EDTA do not exhibit SOD activity (Mn(III)TSPP3−=Mn(III)mesotetrakis(benzoic acid)porphyrin, Mn(III)TBAP3−=Mn(III)mesotetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin). MnCl2 possess SOD activity that is comparable with those of other mimetics in the presence of phosphate. Our results demonstrate that phosphate anions, independent of ionic strength effect, influence the activity of manganese SOD mimetics, which is crucial for understanding and comparing their biological activity.

Conversion of Lesquerolic Acid to 14-Oxo-11(Z)-Eicosenoic Acid by Genetically Variable Sphingobacterium multivorum Strains

We investigated new microbial systems for their ability to convert lesquerolic acid (LQA; 14-hydroxy-11(Z)-eicosenoic acid) to value-added products. A strain of Sphingobacterium multivorum (NRRL B-23212) was found previously to convert LQA to 14-oxo-11(Z)-eicosenoic acid (14-OEA) as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Conversion of LQA was subsequently extended to examine S. multivorum and closely related species of Pedobacter, Spirosoma, Chryseobacterium, and Flavobacterium. Among 25 of such environmental isolates, a group of bacteria, whose identity was further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as S. multivorum, was the only species found to conduct LQA conversion to produce 14-OEA. Among these strains, however, NRRL B-14797 was a variant strain devoid of the specific biologic activity. A new culture medium at pH 7.0 was defined to include Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) mineral ions, glycerol, and EDTA.2Na to improve the production of 14-OEA from the initial yields of 2% to 13% to approximately > or =75% for the reactive S. multivorum strains. These S. multivorum strains represent the first group of bacteria reported to carry out the functional modification of LQA.

Hydrazinium metal(II) and metal(III) ethylenediamine tetraacetate hydrates

Hydrazinium metal ethylenediaminetetraacetate complexes of molecular formula (N2H5)2[Mg(edta)·H2O], (N2H5)3[Mn(edta)··H2O](NO3)·H2O, N2H5[Fe(edta)·H2O], N2H5[Cu(Hedta)·H2O] and N2H5[Cd(Hedta)·H2O]·H2O have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and chemical analysis, conductivity and magnetic measurements and spectroscopic techniques. The thermal behaviour of these complexes has been studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The data set provided by the simultaneous TG-DTA curves of the complexes shows the occurrence of three or four consecutive steps such as dehydration, ligand pyrolysis and formation of metal oxides. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of copper and cadmium complexes show that they are not isomorphous. These studies suggest seven coordination for Mg,Mn, Fe complexes and six coordination for Cu and Cd derivatives.

Measured Rates of Fluoride/Metal Association Correlate with Rates of Superoxide/Metal Reactions for FeIIIEDTA(H2O)- and Related Complexes

The effects of 10 paramagnetic metal complexes (Fe(III)EDTA(H2O)-, Fe(III)EDTA(OH)2-, Fe(III)PDTA-, Fe(III)DTPA2-, Fe(III)2O(TTHA)2-, Fe(III)(CN)6(3-), Mn(II)EDTA(H2O)2-, Mn(II)PDTA2-, Mn(II)beta-EDDADP2-, and Mn(II)PO4(-)) on F- ion 19F NMR transverse relaxation rates (R2 = 1/T2) were studied in aqueous solutions as a function of temperature. Consistent with efficient relaxation requiring formation of a metal/F- bond, only the substitution inert complexes Fe(III)(CN)6(3-) and Fe(III)EDTA(OH)2- had no measured effect on T2 relaxation of the F- 19F resonance. For the remaining eight complexes, kinetic parameters (apparent second-order rate constants and activation enthalpies) for metal/F- association were determined from the dependence of the observed relaxation enhancements on complex concentration and temperature. Apparent metal/F- association rate constants for these complexes (k(app,F-)) spanned 5 orders of magnitude. In addition, we measured the rates at which O2*- reacts with Fe(III)PDTA-, Mn(II)EDTA(H2O)2-, Mn(II)PDTA2-, and Mn(II)beta-EDDADP2- by pulse radiolysis. Although no intermediate is observed during the reduction of Fe(III)PDTA- by O2*-, each of the Mn(II) complexes reacts with formation of a transient intermediate presumed to form via ligand exchange. These reactivity patterns are consistent with literature precedents for similar complexes. With these data, both k(app,O2-) and k(app,F-) are available for each of the eight reactive complexes. A plot of log(k(app,O2-)) versus log(k(app,F-)) for these eight showed a linear correlation with a slope approximately 1. This correlation suggests that rapid metal/O2*- reactions of these complexes occur via an inner-sphere mechanism whereas formation of an intermediate coordination complex limits the overall rate. This hypothesis is also supported by the very low rates at which the substitution inert complexes (Fe(III)(CN)6(3-) and Fe(III)EDTA(OH)2-) are reduced by O2*-. These results suggest that F- 19F NMR relaxation can be used to predict the reactivities of other Fe(III) complexes toward reduction by O2*-, a key step in the biological production of reactive oxygen species.

Filtration-Assisted Magnetic Micropatterning of Bacterial Cellulose

Micropatterning of particles has attracted considerable attention in various areas of science and technology. A number of techniques, including photo or electron-beam/ion-beam lithography and microcontact printing techniques, 1–5 have been used to provide two-dimensional patterning. In a previous paper, 6 we reported a patterning of diamagnetic particles using a modulated magnetic field. A field modulator consisting of alternating sheets of aluminum and iron of 300 mm thick was inserted into a homogeneous magnetic field to modulate the magnetic field over the modulator surface. Diamagnetic particles including polymer spheres 6 and cells 7 suspended in a medium were attracted to the location where the field strength is weak, resulting in a pattern following the pattern of the field modulation. Since the field modulation persists only in a distance of the order of the modulator width from the modulator surface, particles that are floating beyond this persistent distance cannot be patterned. A solution to this problem is to evaporate the medium. With decrease in the level of the liquid medium, the particles reach within the persistent distance to be trapped. However, the evaporation causes the change in composition of the medium, leading to coagulation of particles, damages to cells, etc. in some cases. In this note bacterial cellulose (BC) was chosen for the demonstration purpose. Because BC produced stays floated in a medium, the conventional magnetic patterning technique is not applied successfully. We combined the magnetic technique with filtration to enable micropatterning of BC. Acetobacter xylinum, JCM 10150 (Japan Collection of Microorganisms) was used to produce BC. A BC particle obtained by static culture was immersed in the phosphate buffer to obtain a suspension of acetobacterium. The suspension and an aqueous solution of Mn(II)EDTA (0.1 M) were mixed at 2:3 by volume to make the medium paramagnetic. 2 mL of the prepared suspension was poured into the plastic dish and subjected to cultivation at 30 � C for 3.5 h with or without magnetic field. During this cultivation time, BC is formed.

Micropatterning of Cells Using Modulated Magnetic Fields

A new technique of cell micropatterning was presented. Mouse osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded on a substrate whose surface was exposed to a periodically modulated magnetic field (a line pattern with a 200- or 600-microm pitch) produced by a field modulator inserted into a homogeneous magnetic field of 1 T generated by an electromagnet. The cells were trapped consistent with the line profile of the modulated field. The trapping efficiency was enhanced by adding Mn(II)EDTA (paramagnetic) to the cultivation medium. The cells were subsequently incubated in the magnetic field. The same technique was applied to whole blood to pattern red blood cells.

Investigating mechanisms of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid toxicity to the cladoceran, Daphnia carinata

A study was carried out to determine if the well-documented diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-induced reproductive impairment in the cladoceran, Daphnia carinata, could be attributed to chelation, and subsequent limitation of one or any of the four important trace metals, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn). Daphnids were exposed to a range of DTPA concentrations at one, two and four times normal Fe, Zn and Mn concentrations, and one, two and three times the normal Cu concentration, in a series of four, three-brood reproductive experiments. Increasing the Fe concentration to 1280 μg/l had no effect on the reproductive impairment after three broods of offspring. However, fourth brood was also monitored in the experiment, and some recovery in reproduction was observed at both 5 and 10 mg/l DTPA and 1280 μg/l Fe. Speciation modelling indicated this was possibly due to an increase in the amount of available Fe, as Fe(OH) 2.7Cl 0.3. Increasing the Cu concentration to 75 μg/l (nominal) had no effect on the DTPA-induced reproductive impairment. Speciation modelling indicated that even at 75 μg/l Cu, all Cu was bound to DTPA. Increasing the Zn concentration to 100 μg/l (nominal) resulted in a 50–60% recovery in daphnid reproduction at 10 mg/l DTPA. However, speciation modelling indicated that, at 100 μg/l Zn, all Zn was still bound to DTPA. Increasing the Mn concentration to 847 μg/l resulted in a 60–70% recovery in daphnid reproduction at 10 mg/l DTPA, with speciation modelling indicating that the partial reproductive recovery was associated with an increase in available Mn, in the form of Mn–EDTA. The results of this study suggest that the DTPA-induced reproductive impairment observed in D. carinata is due to a large extent to the chelation of Mn and possibly Zn, while the chelation of Fe may also be of importance. The lowest-observed-effect concentration and no-observed-effect concentration of DTPA were 5 and 1 mg/l, respectively, based on reproduction.

Simultaneous capillary electrophoretic separation of small anions and cations after complexation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

A new approach for simultaneous separation of small inorganic and organic anions and metal cations by capillary electrophoresis is demonstrated. Metal cations in the sample are transformed into their chelates with EDTA and are separated together with the anions using an anionic separation mode. Simultaneous separation of 19 common anions and cations was achieved in about 6 min with the electrolyte containing 5 m M K 2CrO 4, 3 m M boric acid, 35 μ M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 12 μ M EDTA at pH 8. Limits of detection ( s/ n=3) were in the range from 4 ppb for Cl − up to 1250 ppb for Cu–EDTA and RSDs of peak areas ranged from 1.4% for Cl − up to 8.5% for Mn–EDTA chelate. The practical applicability of the method was demonstrated on the analysis of anions and cations in various water samples.

Structure of Mn–EDTA2–complex in aqueous solution by relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance

A comprehensive analysis is given for water proton relaxation rates, T–11. and T–12, measured in solutions of Mn–EDTA2–. Protons of water molecules hydrogen-bonded to co-ordinating carboxylate oxygen atoms of EDTA make a significant contribution to overall relaxation rates. After allowing for these secondary solvation-shell contributions, it is demonstrated that one water molecule is directly co-ordinated to the metal ion. The rotational correlation time of Mn2+ ions is increased from 4.2 × 10–11 to 6.3 × 10–11 s upon complexation and the electron spin relaxation time decreases from 1.5 × 10–8 to 1.67 × 10–9 s at 60 MHz.

The Thermal Decomposition Products of Mn(lll)EDTA and Mn(lll)CyDTA Complexes

By the thermal dec, mposition reactinof ethylenedinitri1otetraacetatomamaganate(III) complex (Mn(III)EDTA)and trans-1, 2-cyc1, hexyleedinitri1 tetraacetatomanganate(III) (Mn complex (III)CyDTA), manganese(III) ions in these complexes are reduced t, manganese(III) ions This PaPerM deals' with the chemical formula of the species which are Jformed by.. the thermal ae60rnposition reaction of these complexes. The experimental methods are 4s follews;Afteorr the thermal decomposition reaction was completed, the reaction preducts were changed to Co(III) complexes, which were separated by the ion-exchange chr, matographic techpique t an anioriic, a hon-charged and a cationic part. Frem the anionic and the non-charged part, crystals were obtained and identified by elemental analyses, IR and visible absorption spectraReaction prodqcts in the cationic part were not identified because of a small amount of this part, These results are give in Tables 2 and 3 and Figs.3and 4 By this procedure, Co(III)EDTA, Co(III)CyDTA, ethylenedinitrilotriacetatocobalt(III)(Co(III)EDTRA)and trans-1, 2-cyclo hexylenedinitrilbtriacetatocobalt(III)(Cd(III)CyDTRA)60mplexesnwere confir ned. Gaseous products were identified by polarographic and gas chromatographic methods.From these results, it was found that therma1 decomposition products of Mn(III)EDTA and Mn(III)CyDTA complexes in solid state contained EDTRA, CyDTRA, CO2, CO and HCHO. In addition to these, it was found that unchanged ligands (EDTA and CyDTA) still remained even after the complete red uction of Mn(III)in Mn(III)complexes to Mn(III). The am, ount of each part was determined and visible absorption spectra of Co(III)EDTRA and Co(III)CyDTRA complexes are given in Tables 4, 5 and Fig.5.From this work, it is concluded that, (1) The thermal decomposition reaction in solid state involves the intermolecular electron transfer reaction, and(2)By the thermal decomposition reaction of aminopolycarboxylatemanganese(III)complex, new type of ligands such as EDTRA and CyDTRA may be produced.

Effect of Manganese Soil and Seed Treatments on Growth and Yield of Peas1

Abstract A broadcast MnSO4 treatment of 38 Kg Mn/ha resulted in 2½-fold increase in both plant growth and shelled pea yields of ‘Darkskin Perfection’ peas. Pods per plant and peas per pod, 2 components of the yield equation, were reduced by Mn deficiency. Seed treatments of Mn EDTA were not effective in correcting the deficiency.

The Decomposition Reaction Products of Mn(III)EDTA Complex in Aqueous Solutions

In aqueous solutions, manganese (III) ion in ethylenediaminetetraacetatomanganate (III) complex (Mn(I)CEDTA) is reduced to manganese(III) ion, so that at least a part of the ligand EDTA is expected to be converted into some fragmental species. This paper deals with the chemical formula of the species which are formed by this decomposition. This decomposition reaction involves the decarboxylation from EDTA ligand, and therefore, the charge of fragmental species must be changed. This difference in charge is very useful for the separation of the fragmental species. The methods of separation are as follows:After the completion of the decomposition reaction, cobalt(II) acetate and hydrogen peroxide were added to the solution, and air was passed through the solution to form substitution-inert Co(III) complexes which coordinate with the fragmental species of the decomposition. products. The cobalt(EI) complexes thus obtained were separated by ion-exchange chromatographic technique to an anionic, a cationic and a non-charged part. From the anionic and the cationic part crystals were obtained and identified by elemental analysis and IR spectra. Products in the noncharged part were identified by visible spectrum and ion-exchange chromatographic behavior. These results are listed in Fig.1, Fig.3, Table 1 and Fig.4 respectively. By this procedure, the formations of ethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(M) (CoOVEDTA), ethylenediaMinetriace- tatocobaltOn (CoMEDTRA) and ethylenediaminediacetatocobalt(1g) (Co(Iii)EDDA) complexes were confirmed.From these results, it was concluded that decomposition products of Mn(III)EDTA complex in aqueous solutions contained EDTRA and EDDA. In addition to these, it was found that unchanged EDTA still remained even after the completion of the reduction of manganese(ll) to manganese(I1) in Mn0(11)EDTA complex. The amount of unchanged EDTA was determined as a function of pH, as given in Table 2.

The Oxidation-Reduction Potential of the System of Mn(II)EDTA-Mn(III)EDTA Complexes and the Stability Constant of Mn(III)EDTA Complex

Abstract The standard oxidation-reduction potential of the system of Mn(II)EDTA-Mn(III)EDTA complexes has been determined to be E°MnY=0.579V. vs. SCE from the potentiometric measurement with the rotated platinum electrode. From this value the logarithmic stability constant of the Mn(III)EDTA complex (logKMn(III)Y) has been calculated to be 24.9 at 25.0°C and μ=0.2.

MANGANESE (III) COMPLEXES WITH ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID

Manganese(III) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex has been prepared by various methods. The solid having a composition of KMnY.2.5H2O is obtained as deep red crystals when the manganese dioxide suspension reacts with free ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (H4Y). The manganese was shown to be trivalent from its redox equivalent in its reaction with acidified iodide solution, and its magnetic moment, which was 4.89 Bohr magnetons, corresponding to four unpaired electron spins. The complex ion has an absorption maximum at 500 mμ (log ε = 2.67) in a slightly acidic medium. The variation of the visible spectra with pH has been studied by the spectrophotometric method, the value [Formula: see text] being obtained between the red and the yellow species. Observations have been made on the type of bond between the metal and carboxylate groups by the infrared spectral method. From its ion-exchange and pH titration behavior a formula, K[Mn(OH2)EDTA].1.5H2O, was suggested.

The Effectiveness of Various Manganese Materials in Supplying Manganese to Crops

AbstractField tests on Houghton muck and greenhouse studies on alkaline organic and mineral soils were conducted to determine the comparative effectiveness of several manganese carriers as measured by yield response and manganese content of crops. Spray, broadcast, and banding methods of application were studied in field tests and mixing vs. banding of carriers was studied in the greenhouse. Carriers used in the field studies were manganese sulfate, NuM, Mangasoil, NuManese, and FN 239 B frit. In addition to the above five carriers, FN 502 frit and disodium manganous EDTA were used in the greenhouse. The indicator crops were onions in the field, and corn, beans and wheat in the greenhouse.In field studies, the methods of application in order of effectiveness in increasing the yield of onions were banding, broadcasting, and spraying. In 1957, where the manganese carriers were mixed with the basic fertilizer and banded 2 inches below the seed, a significant yield response to manganese was obtained regardless of the carrier used. No difference was observed between carriers or rates applied (10 and 20 pounds of manganese per acre).Greenhouse results indicated a high residual value on Houghton muck for Mn EDTA followed by FN 239 B, NuManese and manganese sulfate. The difference between the latter two was nonsignificant. On the mineral soil, mixing the carriers throughout the soil gave a significant yield response only with the wheat crop when compared to band applications.