Mn-doped TiO2 Research Articles

Electrochemical performance of rice grains like high Mn-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles as lithium-ion batteries electrode material

Rice grain-shaped high Mn-doped anatase TiO2(TMO) nanocrystals have been fabricated through redox method at room temperature using several simple chemical reagents. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM & HRTEM). It indicates that the manganese element was successfully incorporated into the anatase TiO2 nanostructure, and the atomic Mn-to-Ti could reach up to 18.2%. We also analyzed the merits and weaknesses of the nanostructured TMO in electrochemistry by dint of some relevant measures. And the cause of influence on the TMO electrochemical properties was briefly discussed.

A new photocatalyst based on layer-ordered anatase nanoparticles doped with manganese

A novel photocatalyst based on Mn-doped carbon-containing TiO2 layered metastructure has been successfully prepared. For the first time, the exact distance between layers in highly oriented anatase arrays produced with the assistance of PEG 400 was determined. The synthesis of a series of single-phase Ti1−xMnxO2 samples with a layer-ordered anatase structure and a doping degree from 0.0 to 2.0% was first carried out by annealing crystalline NH4TiOF3 together with a Mn- containing precursor in an air atmosphere at 450 °C for 2 h.

Visible-Light-Driven Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Pathogenic Escherichia coli by Mn-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles

A sol–gel method was used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles doped with varying amounts of Mn. The physico-chemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD results indicated that the anatase phase was the major phase of TiO2, while a minor rutile phase was observed in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% samples. The TEM analysis showed that the Mn atoms existed in different oxidation states, including Mn[Formula: see text], Mn[Formula: see text], Mn[Formula: see text] and Mn[Formula: see text], and that the nanoparticles had a spherical-like morphology with a size ranging from 10[Formula: see text]nm. The narrowest band gap of 2.80[Formula: see text]eV was observed in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation and Escherichia coli (E. coli) photokilling under visible light irradiation. The MB degradation efficiency was found to be the highest in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample, with a removal efficiency of 96% and a degradation rate constant of 0.08 1/min. The degradation efficiency decreased in the following order: Mn-doped TiO2 0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and undoped TiO2. Similarly, complete E. coli photokilling was achieved only in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample, while some residual E. coli was observed in the other doping nanoparticles and undoped TiO2. In summary, the results suggest that Mn doping significantly improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles, and the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample exhibited the highest efficiency in both MB photodegradation and E. coli photokilling under visible light irradiation.

Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of the Pharmaceutical Agent Salbutamol Using the Mn-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Under Visible Light Irradiation.

In the present work, the photocatalytic degradation of salbutamol [2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(4-hydroxyl-3-hydroxymethylphenyl)ethanol] under visible irradiation using Mn-doped TiO2 is investigated. The Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method with ratios of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%. Significant characteristics, including the rutile/anatase phases ratio, specific surface area, and band gap energy, were due to the amount of Mn doping; the narrowest band gap energy of 2.80 eV was observed in 0.2% Mn-doped TiO2 with specific surface areas of 89.36 m2/g and 10.87/89.13 of rutile/anatase phases. The investigation involved salbutamol photocatalytic degradation, a kinetic study, and the identification of intermediate compounds. The results indicated that 0.2% Mn-doped TiO2 obtained the best salbutamol removal of 95% under an irradiation time of 180 min. Salbutamol slowly degraded to the intermediate compounds in the first 60 min (k = 0.0088 1/min), and these intermediate compounds were dramatically mineralized to small hydrocarbon fragments and carbon dioxide in the later irradiation times (k = 0.0179 1/min). According to the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) results, possible degradation pathways of salbutamol were proposed: 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone, 2-(tert-butylamino)-ethanol, and 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(4-hydroxyl-3-hydroxymethylphenyl)ethanone were initially formed and then transformed to 2-(methylamino)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone, 2-(tert-butylamino)-acetic acid, hydroquinone, and 1-(4-hydroxylphenyl)ethanol, respectively. The mineralization of all intermediate compounds was verified by 90% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, and the effluent contained a relatively low COD concentration of 7.8 mg/L.

Influence of Mn doping on electrical properties of TiO2/Si heterojunction diode

AbstractIn this special work, two types of material, which are undoped and Mn doped TiO2thin films, have been produced by spin coating technique, and then their structural, morphological and optical properties have been measured at different Mn doping rates. Four different doping ratios, undoped, 1, 3 and 5% Mn doped TiO2have been both experimentally and theoretically investigated and some significant enhancements have been reported. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) such as dislocation density, strain, and crystallite size have indicated that undoped, 1, 3 and 5% Mn doped TiO2thin films had the phase of anatase at 450 °C. It has been observed that the peak intensity of 3% Mn doped TiO2films has decreased compared to undoped and 1% Mn doped TiO2while the peak intensity has increased for 5% Mn doped TiO2. The refractive indices and dielectric coefficients of the undoped and Mn doped TiO2thin films have also been calculated. The undoped and Mn doped TiO2/p-Si heterojunction diodes has exhibited photosensitive behaviour in the illuminated environment. 1% Mn doped TiO2/p-Si heterojunction diode indicated the highest photocurrent. The electrical parameters of all diodes have been calculated and compared to the conventionalJ–Vand Norde methods. Additionally, 1% Mn doped TiO2/p-Si heterojunction diode has been modelled by using the SCAPS-1D program, andJphvalues have also been calculated based on the shallow donor density (ND). The experimental and theoreticalJphvalues of this diode were found to be compatible with each other.

Integrating surface functional modification and energy-level adapted coupling of photocatalyst with ultrafast carrier separation for uranium extraction

Photo-assisted uranium extraction is recognized as a promising U-extraction method by turning soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) into insoluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)). However, efficient charge separation and abundant uranium confinement sites are two key factors for efficient uranium extraction. Herein, a facile and universal parallel strategy is reported to fabricate confinement-site-rich photocatalysts with ultrafast carrier separation by energy band-tailored coupled surface functional modification for photo-assisted extraction of uranium. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, Mn-doped mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with phosphoric acid modification (Mn-TiO2@PO4) are successfully synthesized, which enables accelerated carrier separation efficiency and enhances the U(VI) selectivity. By virtue of the theoretical simulation, in conjunction with other spectral analyses, we demonstrate that Mn doping efficiently modifies the band structure with improved electron-hole separation, and surface phosphoric acid modification can enhance the affinity for uranyl ions. Accordingly, the removal rate of Mn-TiO2@PO4 for U(VI) is up to 94%, which was 6.6 times as powerful as the pristine TiO2 microspheres. This study offers a valuable paradigm for the rational design of advanced photocatalysts with band-tailored coupled and surface functional modification for photo-assisted extraction of uranium.

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anticancer analysis of PEG-capped Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles against hepatocellular carcinoma cells

A schematic diagram depicting the cancer theranostics applications of luminescent nanoparticles.

Green synthesis of Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and investigating the influence of dopant concentration on the photocatalytic activity

• An environmentally friendly method for preparing photocatalysts to treat organic dyes. • A green synthesis approach is adopted to prepare Mn-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles. • Methylene blue is degraded most efficiently using a 0.05% Mn-TiO 2 catalyst. • 0.1 g L -1 of catalyst is found to remove 86% of Methylene blue after 35 minutes. • The regeneration of the Mn 4+ /Mn 2+ cycle is crucial for photocatalytic activity. A tea plant extract is used in the presence of titanium and manganese sources to synthesize three different concentrations of Mn x Ti 1-x O 2 (x=0.03, 0.05, and 0.1). By substituting Ti atoms for Mn, the lattice of TiO 2 is successfully incorporated with Mn. The degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence of visible light is used to test the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized samples. Among the Mn-doped TiO 2 samples, the highest degradation ratio is observed for samples with a dopant concentration of 0.05 at%. A dose of 0.1 g L -1 and 5 mM of Mn-TiO 2 is found to remove 86% of MB after 35 minutes of reaction. Mn x Ti 1-x O 2 is critically important for speeding up the MB degradation because of electron transfer between Mn and TiO 2 , and for the regeneration of the Mn 4+ /Mn 2+ cycle on its surface. Optical irradiation of the photocatalytic system under visible light led to higher visible photocatalytic activity than pure TiO 2 . We propose a novel and environmentally friendly method for preparing photocatalysts to treat organic dyes.

On-Site Application of Solar-Activated Membrane (Cr-Mn-Doped TiO2@Graphene Oxide) for the Rapid Degradation of Toxic Textile Effluents.

Solar-activated water treatment has become an emerging research field due to its eco-friendly nature and the economic feasibility of green photocatalysis. Herein, we synthesized promising, cost-effective, and ultralong-semiconductor TiO2 nanowires (NW), with the aim to degrade toxic azo dyes. The band gap of TiO2 NW was tuned through transition metals, i.e., chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn), and narrowed by conjugation with high surface area graphene oxide (GO) sheets. Cr-Mn-doped TiO2 NWs were chemically grafted onto GO nanosheets and polymerized with sodium alginate to form a mesh network with an excellent band gap (2.6 eV), making it most suitable to act as a solar photocatalytic membrane. Cr-Mn-doped TiO2 NW @GO aerogels possess high purity and crystallinity confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern. A Cr-Mn-doped TiO2 NW @GO aerogels membrane was tested for the photodegradation of Acid Black 1 (AB 1) dye. The synthesized photocatalytic membrane in the solar photocatalytic reactor at conditions optimized by response surface methodology (statistical model) and upon exposure to solar radiation (within 180 min) degraded 100% (1.44 kg/m3/day) AB 1dye into simpler hydrocarbons, confirmed by the disappearance of dye color and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An 80% reduction in water quality parameters defines Cr-Mn-doped TiO2 NW @GO aerogels as a potential photocatalytic membrane to degrade highly toxic pollutants.

Ortho-atomic projector assisted DFT+U study of room temperature Ferro- and antiferromagnetic Mn-doped TiO2 diluted magnetic semiconductor

Using ortho-atomic Hubbard-corrected density functional theory, we present magnetic properties, ferromagnetic transition temperature T c , Neel temperature T N , electronic structure, structural formation energy, and crystal structure of anatase (Ti16−x Mn x O32 for x = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6). According to the calculated formation energy, an oxygen-rich condition is more structurally stable than a Ti-rich situation. The geometric and lattice parameter optimization result indicates that Mn2+ exists in the system. In addition, when Mn is substituted in the system, some of the bonds that connect oxygen with the Mn ion are broken, and the bond lengths show variation; this results in defects, which cause the formation of oxygen vacancies that enhance both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties of the system. According to the structure of electronic bands and PDOS analysis, 2p and 3d hybridization lead to a decrease in the edge of the CB and an increase in the edge of the VB, narrowing the bandgap from 3.23 eV to 2.21 eV(for 4.17% of Mn), 2.13 eV (for 8.33% of Mn) and 1.69 eV (for 12.5% of Mn). Results also showed that both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties are energetically favored. Furthermore, the material exhibits antiferromagnetic with predicted T N to be 804.13 K for a small concentration of Mn dopant (for 4.17% of Mn), which is higher than room temperature. In contrast, the calculated ferromagnetic temperature (T c ) was increased from 255.42 K (for 8.33% of Mn) to 385.63 K (for 12.5% of Mn), most likely as a cause of bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) production. Result also reveals oxygen vacancy for the relaxed pristine (Ti16O31) a non-zero magnetic moment and a total magnetization of 2.00 μ B which is observed as a result of an ortho-atomic projector. The present findings suggest that TiO2 could be tailored through doping and oxygen vacancy for versatile spintronic applications, inconsistent with previous experimental results.

Catalytic biofuel production over 3D macro-structured cheese-like Mn-promoted TiO2 isotype: Mn-catalyzed microwave-combustion design

The efficient 3D cheese like Mn-doped TiO2 catalyst was synthesized via Mn-catalyzed microwave-induced combustion for biodiesel production. The characterizations of Mn (0, 2, 4, and 6 at.%)-doped TiO2 were performed by XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, BET-BJH, and TPD-NH3 analyses. To compare the Mn (0 and 4 at.%)-doped TiO2 was also synthesized using muffle combustion. FESEM images and 3D surface analyses exhibited the cheese-like architecture assembled with nanosheets as well as by large uniform pores. Moreover, it showed that Mn played three significant roles. First, Mn promoted the rutile phase. Second, according to TPD-NH3 results, Mn dopant boosted acid sites, and acid density of catalyst as the number of acid sites was 35.534, and 42.777 µmol/g and acid density were 0.331, and 0.641 µmol/m2 for undoped TiO2 and 4at. % Mn-doped TiO2, respectively. Third, Mn acted as a catalyzer in combustion reaction because Mn made the synthesis duration shorter, and consequently, the flow rate of exhaust gases increased (154.2 mol gas/min). Experimental results showed that biodiesel conversion was respectively about 42.8%, 62.6%, 72.8%, and 78.4% for Mn(0)Ti(MF), Mn(0)Ti(MW), Mn(0)Ti(MF), Mn(4)Ti(MW) during 2.5 h, indicating catalyst property promotion by Mn and its catalyzing role in combustion process. The selected Mn(4)Ti(MW) showed 89.1% conversion during 4 h, and conversion reduced only 1% after 6 successive runs.

Greatly Facilitated Two-Electron Electroreduction of Oxygen into Hydrogen Peroxide over TiO2 by Mn Doping.

Ambient electrochemical oxygen reduction into valuable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a selective two-electron (2e-) pathway is regarded as a sustainable alternative to the industrial anthraquinone process, but it requires advanced electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity. In this study, we report that Mn-doped TiO2 behaves as an efficient electrocatalyst toward highly selective H2O2 synthesis. This catalyst exhibits markedly enhanced 2e- oxygen reduction reaction performance with a low onset potential of 0.78 V and a high H2O2 selectivity of 92.7%, much superior to the pristine TiO2 (0.64 V, 62.2%). Additionally, it demonstrates a much improved H2O2 yield of up to 205 ppm h-1 with good stability during bulk electrolysis in an H-cell device. The significantly boosted catalytic performance is ascribed to the lattice distortion of Mn-doped TiO2 with a large amount of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Mn dopant improves the electrical conductivity and reduces ΔG*OOH of pristine TiO2, thus giving rise to a highly efficient H2O2 production process.

Investigation of structural and optical properties of spin coated TiO2:Mn thin films

In the current work, we have deposited and studied various properties of spin coated undoped and Mn doped TiO 2 films annealed at 400 °C on glass substrate. The influence of Mn dopant concentrations on the properties of TiO 2 thin film is detailed. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried out to determine the structural parameters, surface morphology/topography and optical properties of TiO 2 films. The XRD pattern of both undoped and TiO 2 :Mn thin films have exhibited (101) plane as a preferential orientation confirming the presence of anatase phase and same reflected in the Raman study. AFM image analysis reveals an improvement in surface roughness with an increase in Mn concentration indicating the coalescence of smaller crystallites. FESEM image analysis also confirmed the effect of Mn on surface morphology. UV–Vis spectroscopic measurements indicated a red shift of absorption edge upon doping. Refractive index calculation confirmed the densification of the films with increase in Mn concentration. From the PL study, luminescence property of TiO 2 was found to improve upon Mn doping. • Mn doped TiO 2 thin films were successfully deposited by spin coating method. • XRD and Raman measurements demonstrate the presence of the pure anatase phase. • Mn doping induced defects such as vacancies and interstitials are reported. • TiO 2 :Mn thin films can be used for enhanced UV photodegradation of organic dyes.

Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor Based on Manganese Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Myoglobin Detection: Biomarker for Acute Myocardial Infarction.

A label free electrochemical sensor based on pure titanium oxide and manganese (Mn)-doped titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are fabricated and characterized for the sensitive detection of myoglobin (Mb) levels to analyze the cardiovascular infarction. Pristine and Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method and characterized in order to understand their structure, morphologies, composition and optical properties. The structural properties revealed that the pure- and doped-TiO2 nanoparticles possess different TiO2 planes. FTIR studies confirm the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles by exhibiting a well-defined peak in the range of 600–650 cm−1. The values of the optical band gap, estimated from UV-Vis spectroscopy, are decreased for the Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra in the presence of myoglobin (Mb) indicated interaction between the TiO2 nanoparticles and myoglobin. The SPE electrodes were then fabricated by printing powder film over the working electrode and tested for label-free electrochemical detection of myoglobin (Mb) in the concentration range of 0–15 nM Mb. The fabricated electrochemical sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 100.40 μA-cm−2/nM with a lowest detection limit of 0.013 nM (0.22 ng/mL) and a response time of ≤10 ms for sample S3. An interference study with cyt-c and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) of the sensors show the selective response towards Mb in 1:1 mixture.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Mn-Doped Tio2 Content for Wettability, Printability and Intermetallic Layer of Sac305 Pb-Free Solder Paste on a Cu Substrate

Effects of Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles on the wettability, printability and thickness of intermetallic layer of SAC30 on a Cu substrate were studied in this paper. Concentration of Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles was varied from 0.05 wt.% to 1[Formula: see text]wt.%. The wettability was evaluated in terms of contact angle of solder on the copper substrate and the printability was measured from the volume ratio of printed solder on the copper substrate to volume of stencil opening. The experimental results showed that 0.10[Formula: see text]wt.% Mn-doped TiO2 led to the lowest contact angle while the printability was decreased with the increase of the added nanoparticles and the thinnest intermetallic layer was found at 0.50[Formula: see text]wt.% Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Mn-doped TiO2 concentration was then optimized using a desirability function to find optimal values for the three responses. It was found that 0.07[Formula: see text]wt.% was the optimal concentration for the three metrics — wettability, printability and thickness of the intermetallic layer.

Phase evolution and optical properties of nanometric Mn-doped TiO2 pigments

This paper aims to evaluate the effects of calcination temperature and manganese doping on optical properties and phase evolution of Mn-doped TiO2 pigments. The powders were prepared by the polymeric precursor method at Mn contents of 0, 1, 2 and 3 % and calcined at 600, 700 and 800 °C. The results demonstrated that crystalline powders were produced in all conditions evaluated. It was further noted that the samples calcined at 600 °C were composed of rutile and anatase TiO2 polymorphs. However, the anatase phase was completely converted into rutile at temperatures above 700 °C. The particle size increased with increasing temperature. The same behavior was observed for the measured crystallite sizes. The Mn3+ ion charge was determined as the main valence for manganese ions in the TiO2 host. Oxygen vacancies are the probable crystal defects formed for charge balancing in the Mn-doped rutile structure. The results obtained for the powder with 3 % Mn and calcined at 800 °C demonstrated dopant cation segregation to form Mn2O3. It is important to emphasize that the absorbance values of the powders increase in the visible range when adding manganese compared to the absorbance values of pure TiO2. The band gap of the powders was reduced in accordance with the content of doping: from 3.04 eV (0 % Mn) to 2.05–2.20 eV (3 % Mn), with small differences depending on the calcination temperature. The increase in visible light absorbance led to a brown color in Mn-doped materials. Thus, the color intensity varied with the Mn content, ranging from light brown to dark brown powders. In conclusion, the temperature of 700 °C was established in this paper as the best condition to produce Mn-doped TiO2 pigments, based on the absence of anatase polymorph, small contents of residual carbon, and undetectable amounts of Mn2O3 due to segregation.

High efficiency photocatalytic degradation of Ambroxol over Mn doped TiO2: Experimental designs, identification of transformation products, mineralization and mechanism

Ambroxol (AMB) is a drug commonly used for chronic bronchitis prevention. Once released in surface water, this recalcitrant chemical becomes a hazardous pollutant. Here, we investigated the ability of 1% Mn-doped TiO2 (Mn-TiO2) to mineralize AMB by photocatalysis. We studied the morphology, and the physical and electrochemical properties of Mn-TiO2 using X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, BET method, UV–visible, and electrochemical study and optimized the AMB degrading experimental conditions through response surface methodology (RSM). Mn-TiO2 at the dose of 0.625 g·L−1 allowed the complete photodegradation of AMB (30 ppm) at pH 7 under UVA light irradiation for 30 min while total mineralization in CO2 (>96%) was achieved after 24 h of irradiation. Mn-TiO2 was 1.6-time more efficient than TiO2 Degussa P25. Product studies were also carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry. Twenty-one photodegradation products were detected and identified. In addition, ionic chromatography analyses revealed the release of Br−, NH4+, and NO3− at respectively 97, 63 and 35% of the total Br, and N initially present in AMB. Finally, the reusability of the photocatalyst was also tested. After four cycles, the almost complete photodegradation of AMB was achieved showing that Mn-TiO2 was highly stable. This work brings new physical characteristics on Mn-TiO2 photocatalyst. Moreover, it is the first study investigating the photocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant AMB drug.

Electrochemical Properties and Thin-Film Morphology of Mn-doped TiO2 Thin Layer Prepared by Electrodeposition Technique and Its application as photocatalyst for Rhodamine B degradation

Electrochemical Properties and Thin-Film Morphology of Mn-doped TiO2 Thin Layer Prepared by Electrodeposition Technique and Its application as photocatalyst for Rhodamine B degradation

Modulating Oxygen Vacancies of TiO2 Nanospheres by Mn-Doping to Boost Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction

Electrochemical N₂ reduction reaction (NRR) is an environmentally benign and sustainable approach for NH₃ synthesis under ambient conditions, which needs efficient electrocatalyst to meet the enormous challenge of activating the inert N₂ molecule. Recently, TiO₂ emerges as an active NRR electrocatalyst with advantages of abundance, nontoxicity, and high thermal stability. Heteroatom doping is an effective oxygen vacancy introduction strategy to manufacture unique electron and structure properties of metal oxides, which will greatly influence the catalysts’ activity. In this work, we developed Mn-doped TiO₂ nanospheres (Mn-TiO₂) for electrochemical NRR. In 0.1 M Na₂SO₄, Mn-TiO₂ shows a large NH₃ yield rate of 20.05 μg h–¹ mgcₐₜ.–¹ and a high Faradaic efficiency of 11.93%, which are much higher than undoped TiO₂. The mechanism of performance improvement is uncovered by density functional theory calculations.

Manganese doped titanium dioxide with a tunable flat-band potential as photoanode in quantum dot sensitized solar cells for higher open circuit voltage

Manganese doped titanium dioxide was synthesized using hydrothermal technique and applied to photo-anode films for quantum dot sensitized solar cells after combined with commercially available titania. The products and cells were characterized with XRD, TEM, and electrochemical methods. At the optimum Mn-doped TiO2 content, an open circuit voltage of 0.61 V is received on CdS sensitized quantum dot solar cells with an overall efficiency of 2.9%. Mott-Schottky traces suggest that a more negative flat-band potential accounts for the higher voltage.