MMP-2 In Dose-dependent Manner Research Articles

Retracted] Rosiglitazone Suppresses the Growth and Invasiveness of SGC‐7901 Gastric Cancer Cells and Angiogenesis In Vitro via PPARγ Dependent and Independent Mechanisms

Although thiazolidinediones (TZDs) were found to be ligands for peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorγ (PPARγ), the mechanism by which TZDs exert their anticancer effect remains unclear. Furthermore, the effect of TZDs on metastatic and angiogenesis potential of cancer cells is unknown. Our results in this paper show that rosiglitazone inhibited SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells growth, caused G1 cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of rosiglitazone on SGC-7901 cancer cells were completely reversed by treatment with PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Rosiglitazone inhibited SGC-7901 cell migration, invasiveness, and the expression of MMP-2 in dose-dependent manner via PPARγ-independent manner. Rosiglitazone reduced the VEGF induced angiogenesis of HUVEC in dose-dependent manner through PPARγ-dependent pathway. Moreover, rosiglitazone did not affect the expression of VEGF by SGC-7901 cells. Our results demonstrated that by PPARγ ligand, rosiglitazone inhibited growth and invasiveness of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells and angiogenesis in vitro via PPARγ-dependent or -independent pathway.

Quercetin downregulates matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 proteins expression in prostate cancer cells (PC-3)

Cancer metastasis, involving multiple processes and various cytophysiological changes, is a primary cause of cancer death and may complicate the clinical management, even lead to death. Quercetin is a flavonoid and widely used as an antioxidant and recent studies have revealed its pleiotropic anticancer and antiproliferative capabilities. Gelatinases A and B (matrixmetalloproteinases 2 and 9) are enzymes known to involve in tumor invasion and metastases. In this study, we observed the precise involvement of quercetin role on these proteinases expression and activity. PC-3 cells were treated with quercetin at various concentrations (50 and 100 microM), for 24 h period and then subjected to western blot analysis to investigate the impact of quercetin on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) expressions. Conditioned medium and cell lysate of quercetin-treated PC-3 cells were subjected to western blot analysis for proteins expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Gelatin zymography was also performed in quercetin treated PC-3 cells. The results showed that quercetin treatment decreased the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in dose-dependent manner. The level of pro-MMP-9 was found to be high in the 100 microM quercetin-treated cell lysate of PC-3 cells, suggesting inhibitory role of quercetin on pro-MMP-9 activation. Gelatin zymography study also showed the decreased activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in quercetin treated cells. Hence, we speculated that inhibition of metastasis-specific MMPs in cancer cells may be one of the targets for anticancer function of quercetin, and thus provides the molecular basis for the development of quercetin as a novel chemopreventive agent for metastatic prostate cancer.