μM Trolox Research Articles

Antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of leaf extracts of Costus igneus

Background: Costus igneus leaves are traditionally used to treat diabetes and this plant is commonly known as insulin plant. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of different leaf extracts of C. igneus. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant potential of various leaf extracts of C. igneus was established by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, metal-chelating activity, phosphomolybdenum assay, superoxide radical scavenging activity, 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, reducing power assay, and cytotoxic activity by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF-7). Results: In FRAP assay, acetone extract showed higher activity of 276.31 mmol Fe (II) E/mg extract. In ABTS assay, hexane extract showed the highest scavenging activity of 12878.893 μM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g extract. Hot water extract registered higher metal ion-chelating ability with 2.94 mg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid equivalent/g extract. Hexane extract has recorded the highest total antioxidant capacity of 65.00 mg AAE/mg in phosphomolybdenum assay. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was found maximum in acetone extract with 41.11%. In DPPH assay, acetone extract recorded total free radical scavenging capacity with IC50 value of 40.70 μg/ml. Hexane extract has recorded significant highest reducing power at concentration 100 μg/μl with maximum optical density of 0.177. Acetone extract of C. igneus leaf extract at concentration of 150 μg/ml showed the highest cytotoxic activity on cancer cell line with cell viability of 65.51%. Conclusion: The present study explored that C. igneus shows efficient antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxic activity and could act as safe and cost-effective with potential biological applications.

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of gelatin-based films containing oily tomato extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of oily tomato extract (OTE) at concentrations of 0, 1, 3 and 5% on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of gelatin-based films. Characterization of the extract showed lycopene and β-carotene concentrations of 159.15 and 20.38 μg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the addition of OTE was associated with a decrease in moisture content, a lower solubility, a lower water vapor permeability, and a lower Young’s modulus, while the elongation percentage showed a significant increase. The addition of OTE improved the barrier properties of the films against UV and visible light. The higher the OTE concentration was, the greater the amounts of lycopene and β-carotene within the films, and therefore, the higher the antioxidant activity was (2.49 μM Trolox equivalents per g of film). The results suggest that the addition of OTE to gelatin-based films can improve their mechanical properties and increase their antioxidant capacity.

Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Some Functional Properties of Dried Fig

Fig as one of the major export products of Turkey, deteriorates very quickly due to its perishable nature. For this reason it is utilized as dried fruit. In traditional drying method of figs, it was observed that there are some problems caused by climate, especially due to rainfall during drying season,thus, quality losses occur. With this project fresh figs were dried at two different humidity levels in both the sun and the cabinet type dryer using different immersion solutions at 2015 to 2017. Additionally, ¼ cut fruits was dried in both methods without using solutions. According to the sensory analysis results, ¼ cut fruits take the highest score while the second was dried figs without using immersion solutions. The immersion solutions were effective in reducing the drying time of the figs but due to the adverse taste effect of alkali ethyl oleate solution, it was not preferred. In the ¼-cut fruits the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity identified as 343.30 (mgGA / 100 g DM) and 259.32 (μM trolox / 100 g DM), respectively, and this application gives better results compared to others. In this study where fresh figs are dried, aflatoxin analysis was performed on all products and it was not detected in any of the samples.

Investigation of antioxidant capacity of peptide fractions from the Tra catfish by-product-derived proteolysate using Flavourzyme® 500 mg

In this study, the antioxidant potential of peptide fractions isolated from the Tra catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) by-product-derived hydrolysate using ultrafiltration centrifugal devices with 3 distinct molecular-weight cutoffs (MWCOs) of 5KDa, 10KDa, and 30KDa was investigated. Firstly, the chemical composition of the Tra catfish byproducts was analyzed. The result showed that the Tra catfish by-products contained 58.5% moisture, 33.9% crude protein, 50.1% crude lipid and 15.8% ash (on dry weight basis). Secondly, the effects of enzyme content, hydrolysis time on the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate were studied using DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method (DPPH• SM), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant potential) method. Flavourzyme® 500 MG was used for hydrolysis. The result revealed that the antioxidant activity of the proteolysate reached the peak when the hydrolysis time was 3h, enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio was 25 U/g protein, hydrolysis temperature was 500C, pH was 7, and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the hydrolysate reached 37.4%. Next, the proteolysate was further fractionated using MWCOs of 5KDa, 10KDa, and 30KDa and the peptide fractions were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The result showed that the <5KDa fraction showed strongest antioxidant activity with the 50% DPPH• inhibition concentration (IC50) of 3079.34±75.29 μg/mL and FRAP value of 611.28±4.5 μM Trolox equivalent. The second strongest fraction was 5-10KDa with the IC50 and FRAPS value of 4709.3 ± 222.22 μg/mL and 323.62±2.54 μM Trolox equivalent, respectively. The 10-30KDa fraction showed weakest antioxidant capacity with the IC50 of 5847.73 ± 128.68 μg/mL and FRAP value of 291.4±2.65 μM Trolox equivalent. The antioxidant peptides derived from Tra catfish by-products proteolysate have the potential to be used as natural antioxidant ingredients in pharmaceutical and food industry.

Characterization and Comparison of Unfermented and Fermented Seed-Watermelon Juice

Fermented juice was prepared with byproducts (pulp and rind) of seed watermelon (Citrullus lanatus sp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus) for the first time, and its radical scavenging capacity and aroma were compared with those of the corresponding unfermented juice. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of the fermented juice were significantly stronger than those of the unfermented juice. The oxygen radical scavenging capacity of the fermented juice was 60 µM trolox equivalent/mL, which was 7.14% higher than that of the unfermented juice. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis showed a total of 26 and 29 volatiles in unfermented juice and fermented juice, respectively. The content of typical watermelon aroma, including 1-nonanol, 3,6-nonadien-1-ol, nonanal, trans-2-nonenal, and trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal, was reduced from 92.08 mg/L in the unfermented juice to 26.41 mg/L in the fermented juice. Furthermore, isoamylol, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl laurate contributed a typical grape-wine bouquet to the fermented juice. Sensory evaluation further confirmed the attractive appearance and watermelon aroma of the fermented juice. Therefore, the fermented seed-watermelon juice showed a strong radical scavenging capacity and presented the typical watermelon aroma with a grape-wine bouquet.

Location-dependent effects of trauma on oxidative stress in humans.

Though circulating antioxidant capacity in plasma is homeostatically regulated, it is not known whether acute stressors (i.e. trauma) affecting different anatomical locations could have quantitatively different impacts. For this reason, we evaluated the relationship between the anatomical location of trauma and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a prospective study, where the anatomical locations of trauma in polytraumatic patients (n = 66) were categorized as primary affecting the brain -traumatic brain injury (TBI)-, thorax, abdomen and pelvis or extremities. We measured the following: plasma TAC by 2 independent methods, the contribution of selected antioxidant molecules (uric acid, bilirubin and albumin) to these values and changes after 1 week of progression. Surprisingly, TBI lowered TAC (919 ± 335 μM Trolox equivalents (TE)) in comparison with other groups (thoracic trauma 1187 ± 270 μM TE; extremities 1025 ± 276 μM TE; p = 0.004). The latter 2 presented higher hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 272 ± 87 mmHg) and hemodynamic instability (inotrope use required in 54.5%) as well. Temporal changes in TAC are also dependent on anatomical location, as thoracic and extremity trauma patients’ TAC values decreased (1187 ± 270 to 1045 ± 263 μM TE; 1025 ± 276 to 918 ± 331 μM TE) after 1 week (p < 0.01), while in TBI these values increased (919 ± 335 to 961 ± 465 μM TE). Our results show that the response of plasma antioxidant capacity in trauma patients is strongly dependent on time after trauma and location, with TBI failing to induce such a response.

Synthesis and in vitro antioxidant activity of new pyrimidin/benzothiazol-substituted piperazinyl flavones.

Synthesis of novel 2(2-hydroxyphenyl) pyrimidine/benzothiazole piperazinyl-substituted flavones end evaluate their antioxidant activity. Six novel 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) pyrimidine/benzothiazole-substituted flavones were synthesized, their structures were confirmed by elementary and spectral analyses. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant potency by employing various antioxidant assays. All tested compounds acted as scavengers of free radicals like hydroxyl (15-45%),2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl• (17-48%) at 1.25 and 0.5mM concentrations respectively. The total antioxidant status activity values of the compounds ranged from 234.1 to 464.1μm trolox equivalent/g, the total antioxidant capacity - from 24.9 to 52.7μm trolox equivalent per gram. Compounds incorporating the benzothiazole group on the piperazine ring were more effective antioxidants than those with the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) pyrimidine group.

Enhancing Bioactive Antioxidants' Extraction from "Horchata de Chufa" By-Products.

During the production of a traditional drink produced from the tubers of Cyperus esculentus L. also known as “horchata de chufa,” a high quantity of by-products are generated. These by-products are rich with valuable biological compounds, hence, there is a need to report their extraction conditions for further use in food production as raw materials. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and improve the conventional extraction process, applied for recovery of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity from the by-products. Independent variables for extraction were: (i) Solvent type (mixtures of ethanol-water (v/v) at 0%, 25% and 50%); (ii) temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C), and (iii) extraction time (1, 2 and 3 h). The obtained results showed that solvent type, temperature, and time significantly influenced (p < 0.05) all investigated parameters. The highest content of total polyphenols (16.02 mg GAE/100 g of dry matter; d.m.), and total flavonoids (30.09 mg CE/100 g d.m.) was achieved by ethanol at 25% (v/v), after 3 h of extraction with temperatures of 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The highest value of antioxidant capacity (1759.81 µM Trolox equivalents/g d.m.) was observed with 50% aqueous ethanol (v/v), at 60 °C, and 3 h of extraction. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the by-products of “Horchata de Chufa” are an important source of antioxidant bioactive compounds.

Physicochemical characterization of an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers' spent grain and its application as a release matrix for caffeine

The brewers' spent grain is a by-product generated during brewery process and is a potential source for arabinoxylans (AX) extraction. In the present work, the extraction and characterization of an arabinoxylan-rich fraction from brewers' spent grain (BSG-AX) were performed, and BSG-AX was evaluated as release matrix for caffeine. The BSG-AX showed an AX content of 72% (w/w), a ferulic acid content of 3.52 μg/mg BSG-AX, an Ara/Xyl ratio of 0.89, an intrinsic viscosity of 41.18 mL g−1, and a molecular weight of 43.80 kDa. The studied BSG-AX showed a good antioxidant capacity compared with other polysaccharide gums and was estimated by DPPH (114.41 μM Trolox equivalent/g BSG-AX) and FRAP (49.01 μmol Fe2+/g BSG-AX) assays. The partial specific volume (0.63 cm3 g−1), loss on drying (10.68%), swelling (10.87%), solubility (80.93%) and electrostatic interactions (by zeta potential, −3.44 to −9.17 mV) were determined and used to evaluate the application of the BSG-AX as release matrix. A film containing the BSG-AX, glycerol (as plasticizer) and caffeine (target drug) was prepared as release matrix. Glycerol promoted an increase in the extensibility and the surface smoothness of the BSG-AX-caffeine film. The drug was released (≈98%) in about 7 h. These results are promising to concern the design and use of BSG-AX based biofilms for the controlled release of bioactive compounds.

Comparing Human Sperm Quality Preserved at Two Different Temperatures; Effect of Trolox, Coenzyme Q10 and Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate.

Cooling method was proposed to maintain the sperm quality for several days. Nevertheless, during this procedure, sperm is encountered to "cold shock", and its quality decreases time-dependently. This study was designed to improve the in vitro sperm preservation methods. Thirty normal semen samples were examined in Shiraz, Iran, 2017. Fifteen samples were incubated at 22-27 °C and 15 samples were cooled moderately to 4 °C. Each sample was divided into five subgroups; control, solvent, 200 μM Trolox, 40 μM Coenzyme Q10, and 10 mM ATP. ATP was added only 15 minutes before the analysis. Assessments of motility parameters and sperm viability were done every 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software. The differences between two main groups and subgroups were compared by t test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. The effect of time was analyzed by repeated measurement test. Sperm motility and viability were the same in both groups until 24 hours, except the straight line velocity was greater in the cold group. Even after 48 hours, progressive motility and sperm velocity, but not viability, were still the same. The greatest reduction in progressive motility occurred on the second day; and after 72 hours, sperm quality was better preserved in 22-27 °C. Treatment with Trolox, coenzyme-Q10, and extracellular ATP did not have effect on sperm quality. Cold temperature is recommended for in-vitro sperm preservation up to 24 hours, and 22-27 °C is preferred for longer time storage. The sperm does not need antioxidant therapy for quality maintenance, but the extender media must be supplied with nutrients and antibiotics.

Purification and antioxidant activities of peptides from sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) protein hydrolysates using pepsin hydrolysis

Sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) are widely used as a food material in Korea. Sea squirt protein (SSP) were isolated by alkaline solubilization followed by acidic precipitation. SSP were further hydrolyzed using pepsin hydrolysis at pH 2 for 2 h to release antioxidant peptides. SSP hydrolysates (SSPH) showed DPPH radical scavenging activity of 31 ± 1% at 1 mg/mL, ORAC of 576 ± 1 μM trolox equivalent (TE)/mg SSPH, and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity of 38 ± 1 μM TE/mg SSPH. Three antioxidant peptides LEW, MTTL, and YYPYQL were purified and identified from SSPH using chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The antioxidant activities of LEW, MTTL, and YYPYQL were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating activity, ORAC, and reducing power. Among the three peptides, LEW showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of 75% at 5 mM. The ORAC value of LEW (77.1 μM TE/50 μM LEW) and YYPYQL (84.6 μM TE/50 μM YYPYQL) are higher than glutathione (18.5 μM TE/50 μM GSH), as a positive control. The three antioxidant peptides showed higher Fe2+ chelating activity than GSH, but ABTS+ radical scavenging activity and reducing power of LEW, MTTL, and YYPYQL were lower than GSH. Taken together, these results suggest that SSPH and/or the purified antioxidant peptides may be useful as a functional food additive.

DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY EVALUATION OF VAGINAL SUPPOSITORY CONTAINING GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L. FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANDIDA ALBICANS INFECTION

Objective: The present study assessed the antioxidant activity, phytochemical content, and anti-Candida albicans property of ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice). In addition, suppository formula (SF) was developed with licorice extract (LE), and the stability of SF was evaluated.Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric methods. 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide (SO) radical scavenging assays were performed to evaluate antioxidant property. Antimicrobial activity was determined by plating method. The active principle was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography method.Results: The licorice sample was extracted with 95% ethanol, and 26.91±1.35% of yield was observed. The LE contains phenolic acids (167.70±3.18 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), flavonoids (162.53±9.95 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract), and glabridin (3.90±0.05 mg/g extract). LE exhibited the scavenging activity in terms of 810.53±25.37 μM of Trolox equivalent/mg of extract, 165.04±5.10 μM of FeSO4 equivalent/mg of extract, and 3750.35±1.25, 68.25±0.07, and 511±0.80 μM of Trolox equivalent/mg of extract in ABTS, FRAP, LPO, NO, and SO assays, respectively. About ≥62.50, ≥125, and ≥250 μg/mL of LE was recorded as minimal inhibitory concentration against C. albicans, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, respectively. The SF was formulated and the stability was evaluated. The activity and color of SFs did not differ on storage. Moreover, no spot formation was observed.Conclusion: The SF with LE could be the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of candida infection in vaginal region.

Purification and characterization of antioxidant peptides from enzymatically hydrolyzed ark shell ( Scapharca subcrenata )

Abstract Information of bioactive peptides derived from ark shell is seldom reported. In this study, ark shell was hydrolyzed by pepsin with enzyme to substrate (E/S) ratios of 1:100 and 1:500 for 1–4 h. Ark shell hydrolysates (ASHs) were subjected to evaluate their antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Antioxidant peptides (P) were purified and identified as MCLDSCLL (P1) and HPLDSLCL (P2). P1 and P2 showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50 value of 19.47 ± 0.35 and 74.36 ± 0.54 μM, and glutathione (GSH), as positive control, showed 19.31 ± 0.36 μM against DPPH radical. P1 and P2 exhibited 678.36 ± 5.33 μM trolox equivalent (TE)/mM P1 and 778.86 ± 9.64 μM TE/mM P2 against ABTS+ radical scavenging, and ORAC values of 333.91 ± 26.05 μM TE/mM P1 and 209.81 ± 21.74 μM TE/mM P2. P1 and P2 also showed strong reducing power. In addition, P2 strongly inhibited copper-catalyzed human LDL oxidation.

In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Phenols and Oleanolic Acid from Mango Peel and Their Cytotoxic Effect on A549 Cell Line.

Mango peel, the main by-product of juice processing, possesses appreciable quantities of bioactive phenolic compounds and is worthy of further utilization. The present work reports for the first time the HPLC analysis and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of mango peel phenols (MPPs) and their cytotoxic effect on the A549 lung cancer cell line. These results indicated that mango peel has the total phenolic content of 723.2 ± 0.93 mg·kg−1 dry mango peel (DMP), which consisted mainly of vanillic aldehyde, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, procyanidin B2 and oleanolic acid. Antioxidant assays showed that MPPs had strong antioxidant activities, with 92 ± 4.2% of DPPH radical scavenging rate, 79 ± 2.5% of ABTS radical inhibition rate and 4.7 ± 0.5 μM Trolox equivalents per kg−1 DMP of ferric reducing power. Gallic acid possess a stronger antioxidant capacity than other phenols. In vitro cytotoxic tests suggested that mango peel extract (MPE) had an IC50 value of 15 mg·mL−1 and MPPs had a stronger inhibitory effect on the A549 cell line. Oleanolic acid exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 4.7 μM, which was similar with that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil.

Modulatory Effect of the Intracellular Content of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 Against the Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats.

It has been recognized that lactic acid bacteria exhibit antioxidant properties, which have been mainly endorsed to the intact viable bacteria. However, recent studies have shown that intracellular content (IC) may also be good sources of antioxidative metabolites, which may potentially contribute to oxidative homeostasis in vivo. Hence, the modulatory effect of the intracellular content of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 (IC431) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced oxidative stress in rats was evaluated on the basis of its influence on hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant status-antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; and on the oxidative stress index (OSi). Results demonstrated that CAT and GPx activities, and TAC, determined in plasma samples, were significantly (P <0.05) higher in rats treated with AFB1 plus IC431 (3.98μM/min/mg protein, 1.88μM/min/mg protein, and 238.7μM Trolox equivalent, respectively) than AFB1-treated rats (3.47μM/min/mg protein, 1.46μM/min/mg protein, and 179.7μM Trolox equivalent, respectively). Furthermore, plasma and liver tissue samples from rats treated with AFB1 plus IC431 showed significantly (P <0.05) lower LPO values (52 and 51%, respectively) and OSi (59 and 51%, respectively) than AFB1-treated rats. Hence, our results proved that the intracellular content of Lact. casei CRL 431 contains metabolites that are capable to modulate the antioxidant defense systems in living organism, which may help to ameliorate the damage associated to AFB1-induced oxidative stress.

Characterization of phenolic extracts from Brava extra virgin olive oils and their cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the phenolic profile of the ‘Brava’ extra virgin olive oil and assess its potential as a “natural adjuvant” in combination with chemotherapy treatment. The total phenol content of the phenolic extracts was 764 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg and the total antioxidant capacity was 2309, 1881 and 2088 μM trolox equivalents/kg determined by Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical method, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity assay, respectively. Secoiridoids comprised 83% of the total phenolic compounds. The main secoiridoid from oleuropein was the main isomer of oleuropein aglycone (74 mg/kg). The main secoiridoid from ligstroside was the main isomer of ligstroside aglycone (214 mg/kg). These phenolic extracts showed a significant decrease in cell viability on MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a dose and time dependent manner. 48 h-treatments with different concentrations of the extracts induced intracellular ROS generation and cell death.

Buchanania obovata: Functionality and Phytochemical Profiling of the Australian Native Green Plum.

The green plum is the fruit of Buchanania obovata Engl. and is an Australian Indigenous bush food. Very little study has been done on the green plum, so this is an initial screening study of the functional properties and phytochemical profile found in the flesh and seed. The flesh was shown to have antimicrobial properties effective against gram negative (Escherichia coli 9001—NCTC) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus 6571—NCTC) bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the antimicrobial activity causes cell wall disintegration and cytoplasmic leakage in both bacteria. Antioxidant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) testing shows the flesh has high radical scavenging activity (106.3 ± 28.6 μM Trolox equivalant/g Dry Weight in methanol). The flesh and seed contain a range of polyphenols including gallic acid, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, quercetin and trans-ferulic acid that may be responsible for this activity. The seed is eaten as a bush food and contains a delphinidin-based anthocyanin. The green plum has potential as a functional ingredient in food products for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, and further investigation into its bioactivity, chemical composition and potential applications in different food products is warranted.

UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS identification, quantification of polyphenols from Passiflora subpeltata fruit pulp and determination of nutritional, antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase key enzymes inhibition properties

The diabetic key enzymes inhibition, nutritional, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds identification of Passiflora subpeltata fruit pulp were investigated. Fifteen polyphenolic compounds including protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, eriodictyol and quercetin-3-glucoside were identified in the pulp of this species by using UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis. The total carbohydrates and crude protein contents in fruit pulp were 2.62 mg glucose equivalent/g sample fruit pulp and 8.80 mg BSA equivalent/g sample fruit pulp, respectively. The fresh fruit pulp of P. subpeltata contained high total phenolic (724.76 mg GAE/g sample) content and it revealed very high DPPH• (IC50 of 5.667 μg/mL) and ABTS+• (6794.96 μM trolox equivalent/g sample) scavenging activities. In the key enzymes assays useful for diabetic inhibition the fresh fruit pulp characterized maximum inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase IC50 of 18.69 and 32.63 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, these results lead to conclude that this fruit specie could be very useful source in nutraceutical products preparations for Type 2 diabetic suffering humans.

Antioxidant activity of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) and acerola (Malpighia emarginata) fruit pulp and residues

Antioxidants are compounds which protect the biological system against the damaging effects of processes or reactions that can cause excessive oxidation. Fruits contain various antioxidants whose activities have been well proven in reduction of degenerative diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the total antioxidant activity by free radical capture method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl), TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) and ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) and compare the levels of total phenolic compounds in ethanol, methanolic and aqueous extracts of pulp and residue of mangaba and acerola fruits. The flour was obtained by the residue of the peel and seeds of the fruits after pulping, the extracts were obtained by ethanol, methanol and water using ultrasound. The DPPH and TEAC tests were performed with a spectrophotometer at 517 and 750 nm, respectively, while ORAC was carried out with the aid of fluorimeter, using 520 nm emission and 485 nm excitation filters. The results showed better antioxidant activity with the aqueous extracts in all methods, but the TEAC method had the highest antioxidant activity for acerola pulp and residue (429 µM Trolox g-1 and 90.89 µM Trolox g-1, respectively), followed by mangaba pulp and residue (201 µM Trolox g-1 and 61.87 µM Trolox g-1, respectively). In addition, the highest content of phenolic compounds was found in the residue of acerola (31 mg gallic acid 100 g-1), followed by the mangaba pulp (21 mg gallic acid 100 g-1).

Punica Granatum Rind Extract Promotes Mouse Liver Mitochondrial Function and Attenuates Paraquat Toxicity in a Caenorhabditis Elegans Model

Punica granatum (pomegranate) has drawn the interest of the scientific community due to its rich array of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. Evidence supports the fruit's role in preventing free radical damage in humans. Although various studies have concluded the beneficial effects of pomegranate juice, limited studies have characterized the antioxidant effects of its rind (outer covering/peel; PRE). The goal of our study was to characterize the effects of PRE on oxidative stress. We utilized mouse liver mitochondria and paraquat (PQ) toxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model to determine the beneficial effects of PRE. Mitochondria were isolated from C57 male mice liver tissue (6 weeks of age). Phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes (Lp) were used to induce oxidative stress. Samples were then incubated at 37□ for 2 hours with or without the addition of PRE at two levels (PRE1 and PRE2 represent 60 and 120 μM Trolox equivalent/mL, respectively). Oxygen consumption rate (OCR; nmol O2 consumed/min per mg mitochondria) was used to express the activity of NADH‐CoQ oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase (complex I, II, and IV of electron transport chain, respectively). Antioxidant level in PRE was determined by DPPH‐, ABTS‐ and Folin‐Ciocalteu assays. The experiment was repeated four times. Pre‐incubation of mitochondria with Lp decreased (p &lt; 0.05) OCR by 50% compared with control mitochondria without Lp. However, incubation of Lp with PRE2 increased (p &lt; 0.05) OCR for complex II and IV. No significant changes (p &gt; 0.05) in OCR were observed for complex I with incubation of Lp and PRE 1 or PRE2. Using C. elegans, an oxidative stress resistance assay was performed to explore PREs effects on paraquat toxicity. Wild‐type adult/L4 hermaphrodites were placed in 96‐well plates. PQ was dissolved to a final concentration of 50 μM and half concentration of PRE1 was added for experimental groups. Resistance to oxidative stress was measured through percentage survival at hour time intervals. After 5 hours, mean survival for PQ alone was 61.91±6.56%; PQ groups supplemented with PRE had a mean survival of 88.29±6.18%. The current study suggests that PRE may play a role in preserving mitochondrial function during oxidative stress and attenuates PQ toxicity.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.