Mm In Diameter Research Articles

Prediction of immediate bleeding after cold snare polypectomy: A prospective observational study.

The risk factors for immediate post-polypectomy bleeding (IPPB) after cold snare polypectomy (CSP) are not well-known. We sought to define such risk factors and develop a predictive risk-scoring model. This prospective observational study included 161 polyps (4-9 mm in diameter) that were removed via CSP from 118 patients during the period from June to September 2019 in 2 tertiary hospitals. IPPB was defined as post-polypectomy bleeding within 24 hours or grade 3 or 4 intraprocedural bleeding requiring endoscopic hemostasis. IPPB incidences according to grade were 13.0% (21/161) (grade 3) and 0% (grade 4). Univariate analysis showed that the polyp size and morphology, as well as iatrogenic ulcer size and shape, were significantly associated with IPPB. Multivariate analysis showed that polyp size [6-9 mm vs 4-5 mm, odds ratio (OR) 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-10.79], polyp morphology (polypoid vs non-polypoid, OR: 3.93, 95% CI: 1.22-12.64), and iatrogenic ulcer size (≥10 vs ≤ 9 mm, OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.04-9.38) were significantly associated with IPPB. We created a four-marker risk-scoring model to predict IPPB after CSP; we summed the points assigned for the 4 factors. At a cutoff of 2, the sensitivity was 85.7% and the specificity was 65.0%; at a cutoff of 3, the sensitivity was 65% and the specificity was 90.0%. Polyp size and morphology, as well as iatrogenic ulcer size and shape, were associated with IPPB after CSP. The four-marker risk-scoring model appears to effectively predict IPPB after CSP (Clinical Research Information Service: KCT0004375).

Microwave Plasma Pencil for Surface Treatment: Numerical Study of Electromagnetic Radiation and Experimental Verification.

An atmospheric pressure plasma source of the microwave plasma pencil type utilizing a coaxial line is presented. The generated plasma takes the form of a cylinder up to about 30 mm long and up to 5 mm in diameter. It is suitable for surface sterilization, surface treatment, and material processing. This study numerically analyzes the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the plasma pencil, which compromises performance and poses safety risks. Electric field distributions, radiation patterns, the ratio of the power entering the discharge to the incident wave power, and the ratio of radiated power to entering power were numerically investigated for different plasma parameters and pencil lengths. Results indicate that increasing electron density, gas temperature, plasma length, and pencil length increases the radiated power by up to more than 60% of the entering power, and the radiation patterns can be highly non-uniform with strong backward lobe. The numerical finding were qualitatively confirmed experimentally. It was also found that it is possible to reduce radiation from the device by using appropriately designed cones, the presence of which does not impede its performance.

Diagnosis and Surgical Removal of a Corneal Dermoid in a Red-eyed Tree Frog, Agalychnis callidryas (Anura, Hylidae), From the Tenorio Volcano, Costa Rica

Abstract A male, red-eyed frog (Agalychnis callidryas) was collected from the Tenorio Volcano region in Costa Rica due to the presence of a unilateral ocular abnormality affecting its left eye. Approximately 70% of the cornea was replaced by a well demarcated, 5.0 mm in diameter, opaque, bright green and roughened tissue compatible with skin. The affected eye was enucleated under established ophthalmic surgical procedures. A dermoid was confirmed by histopathology based on the finding of amphibian cutaneous (epidermal and dermal) tissue replacing the cornea and characterized by the presence of keratinized epidermis, spongy dermis, and integumentary glands. After a successful post-operative recovery period the frog was released back to the wild, demonstrating the viability of medical intervention and surgery in wild amphibians. Dermoids are congenital lesions that result from a failure in the differentiation of the superficial ectoderm to generate normal corneal epithelium and the subsequent development of epidermis and dermal tissues in the area. Corneal dermoids have been reported in horses, cattle, sheep, wildebeest, pigs, rats, dogs, cats, birds, and humans, this being the first case reported in amphibians. In the locality where the frog was found, several other ophthalmic abnormalities have been documented in other amphibians. Active monitoring of wild amphibians is ongoing, and possible causes of ophthalmic abnormalities in the area are being investigated.

Effect of Perforated Aluminum on Calotropis Gigantea Fiber Material’s Ability to Absorption Sound

Plants fibers such as Calotropis gigantea (CG) are very suitable as noise reduction material. Therefore, this research aims to determine the sound absorption coefficient of CG in the 20 mm test sample and the effect of the perforated aluminum layer on its ability. It was carried out using a test sample made with a thickness of 20 mm and 100 mm in diameter. The thickness of aluminum was 0.3 mm with hole diameters of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.5 mm. During the experiment, every sample was heated and pressed in a mold for 10 minutes at 200oC. The test equipment used is a Bruel Kjaer Type 4206 impedance tube with 100 mm in diameter. The sample was tested using the transfer function method ISO 10534-2:1998 at a frequency of 1/1 octave. The results indicated that the uncoated sample absorbed noise α = 0.01-0.07 (1-7)% higher than the sample coated with perforated aluminum. This showed that the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) without aluminum coating can reduce noise by 29%, and the measured sample is categorized in class D.

Dynamics of Snowflakes Impacting Superhydrophobic Surfaces.

Snow and ice accumulation on surfaces presents significant safety and efficiency challenges across various industries, necessitating the development of effective mitigation strategies. In this study, the dynamics and energy dissipation of natural snowflakes impacting superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) were explored using high-speed imaging and a novel image processing method. The size, velocity (impact and bounce), and contact time of natural wet snowflakes were quantitatively analyzed, identifying two primary impact outcomes: bouncing and fragmentation. The analysis focused on bouncing to study the coefficient of restitution (COR) of snowflakes. It was found that small snowflakes (<1.40 mm in diameter) with low impact velocities (<2.90 m/s) tend to be bounced, whereas larger, faster snowflakes are more likely to be fragmented. For the first time, the contact time of natural snowflakes on SHS was also reported, introducing a dimensionless contact time (DCT) for quantifying energy dissipation during the impact. The results indicate that energy dissipation has a cubic relationship with snowflake size and a quadratic relationship with its impact velocity, demonstrating that larger and faster snowflakes dissipate more energy. It is observed that a reduction in DCT leads to an exponential increase in COR and a decrease in normalized energy dissipation, supporting the theoretical prediction that the COR approaches one and the normalized energy dissipation approaches zero as the DCT approaches zero. These results are significant for enhancing the design and efficiency of anti-icing surfaces, contributing to the development of models that simulate snow accumulation behaviors and inform better design of both active and passive snow mitigation strategies.

MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF MECHANICAL STOMACH SUTURE FAILURE IN PATIENTS AFTER LONGITUDINAL RESECTION FOR OBESITY (A CLINICAL CASE)

Sleeve gastrectomy has now become one of the most popular operations in the treatment of morbid obesity. We present a clinical case of minimally invasive treatment of early suture failure after sleeve gastrectomy, from the archive of the authors’ clinical observations. Suture failure occurred on the day 4 after surgery. Endogastroscopy revealed a defect of 12 mm in diameter with infiltration at the edges. The technique of endoscopic sanitation of the abscess cavity and transcutaneous drainage of the abdominal cavity was used. After 14 days, the drainage in the abdominal cavity stopped functioning. Fistulography showed that it was not in the abscess cavity; according to endoscopic fistulography, hermetic sealing was achieved. After 2 months the fistula was completely closed. The patient was discharged with complete recovery. After 6 months, EGD revealed cicatrical changes; body weight loss: 55 kg. This clinical case demonstrated the possibility of combined minimally invasive treatment of a postoperative complication – gastric suture failure after sleeve gastrectomy.

The healing effect of nano emulsified Plantago major L extract on oral wounds in a wistar rat model

IntroductionOral lesions are a common clinical symptom arising from various etiologies and disrupt the patient’s quality of life. However, no definite treatment is not yet possible, due to the constantly changing environment of the mouth. In recent years, herbal treatments have gained popularity among patients and physicians due to their availability, safety, affordability, and antimicrobial properties. This research aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of a nano-emulsion of Plantago major standardized extract (PMSE) on oral ulcers in a Wistar rat model using histomorphometry and stereological parameters.Materials and MethodsThe study involved 72 Wistar rats divided randomly into 24 groups of 3 each: groups A1 to A4 received one dose to 4 doses of 5% PMSE nano emulsion, groups B1 to B4 received one dose to 4 doses of 10% PMSE nano emulsion, and groups C1 to C4 received one dose to 4 doses of 20% PMSE nano emulsion, groups D1 to D4 received one dose to 4 doses of nano-emulsion without PMSE, groups E1 to E4 received one dose to 4 doses of PMSE, and group F served as the control group. An incision measuring 2 mm in diameter was made in the animals’ hard palate using a biopsy punch. A swab containing the necessary material was used to administer the medication orally to the wound. Histological samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 and sent to the pathology laboratory for examination. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and setting statistical significance at p < 0.05.ResultsGroup A showed a high rate of complete and normal re-epithelialization of the wound at 66.7%, compared to the other groups. Group D had a re-epithelialization rate of 50%, while groups C, E, and F had rates of 7.41% and group B had 7.16%. In terms of inflammation reduction, 23.88% of group A had no inflammation, a higher percentage compared to the other groups. Group B and D had no inflammation in 3.33% of cases, lower than the other groups. The study evaluated frequency of re-epithelialization and inflammation levels in different groups on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 after four doses of the drug with no significant differences found among the groups.ConclusionNone of the nano emulsions or PMSE enhanced the healing rate of oral ulcers. However, a 5% PMSE nano emulsion displayed an increase in lesion re-epithelialization.

Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy evaluation using a high-resolution wavefront sensor

This study aims to evaluate the applicability of the high-resolution WaveFront Phase Imaging Sensor (WFPI) in eyes with Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) through qualitative and quantitative analysis using a custom-designed Automatic Guttae Detection Method (AGDM). The ocular phase was measured using the t·\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\cdot$$\\end{document}eyede aberrometer and then was processed to obtain its High-Pass Filter Map (HPFM). The subjects were pathological and healthy patients from the Fundación Jiménez-Díaz Hospital (Madrid, Spain). The AGDM was developed and applied in pupils with 3 and 5 mm of diameter. A set of metrics were extracted and evaluated like the Root-Mean-Square error (RMS), Number of guttae, Guttae Area, and Area of Delaunay Triangulation (DT). Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was trained to classify between pathological and healthy eyes. Quantitatively, the HPFM reveals a dark spots pattern according to the ophthalmologist’s description of the slit-lamp examination of guttae distribution. There were significant statistical differences in all the metrics when FECD and Healthy groups were compared using the same pupil size; but comparing both pupil sizes for the same group there were significant differences in most of the variables. This sensor is a value tool to objectively diagnose and monitor this pathology through wavefront phase changes.

Recruitment of the Basket Star Astrospartus mediterraneus (Risso, 1826) (Ophiuroidea, Gorgonocephalidae)

The occurrence and abundance of Astrospartus mediterraneus (Risso, 1826) have significantly increased in the last three decades in several areas of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Tavolara–Punta Coda Cavallo Marine Protected Area (NE Sardinia, Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea), 60 specimens were observed mainly on the granitic shoals of the Tavolara Channel, an area characterized by very intense currents and high sedimentation. The basket stars were mainly found living as epibionts of gorgonians (Eunicella verrucosa, Paramuricea clavata and Leptogorgia sarmentosa) and massive sponges (Spongia officinalis, S. lamella, Sarcotragus foetidus). We also documented 21 small specimens (3–20 mm in diameter of the oral disc) observed in June 2024 between 27 and 52 m depth on E. verrucosa and P. clavata colonies. The bimodal size-frequency distribution of these specimens suggested that, probably, specimens belong to two different reproductive events occurring in spring 2023 and 2024.

Volumetric changes of the enteric nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions measured using x-ray phase-contrast tomography.

Full-thickness biopsies of the intestinal wall may be used to study and assess damage to the neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS), that is, enteric neuropathy. The ENS is difficult to examine due to its localization deep in the intestinal wall and its organization with several connections in diverging directions. Histological sections used in clinical practice only visualize the sample in a two-dimensional way. X-ray phase-contrast micro-computed tomography (PC-μCT) has shown potential to assess the cross-sectional thickness and volume of the ENS in three dimensions (3D). The aim of this study was to explore the potential of PC-μCT to evaluate its use to determine the size of the ENS. Full-thickness biopsies of ileum obtained during surgery from five controls and six patients clinically diagnosed with enteric neuropathy and dysmotility were included. Punch biopsies of 1 mm in diameter and 1 cm in length, from an area containing myenteric plexus, were extracted from paraffin blocks, and scanned with synchrotron-based PC-μCT without any staining. The microscopic volumetric structure of the neural tissue (consisting of both ganglia and fascicles) could be determined in all samples. The ratio of neural tissue volume/total tissue volume was higher in controls than in patients with enteric neuropathy (P = 0.013). The patient with the longest disease duration had the lowest ratio. The assessment of neural tissue can be performed in an objective, standardized way, to ensure reproducibility and comparison under physiological and pathological conditions. Further evaluation is needed to examine the role of this method in the diagnosis of enteric neuropathy.

Visual Dose Monitoring for Whole Breast Radiation Therapy Treatments via Combined Cherenkov Imaging and Scintillation Dosimetry

PurposeThis study investigates scintillation dosimetry coupled with Cherenkov imaging for in vivo dose monitoring during whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT). Given recent observations of excess dose to the contralateral breast (CB), in vivo dosimetry (IVD) could help ensure accurate dose delivery and decrease risks of secondary cancer. This work presents a rapid, streamlined alternative to traditional IVD, providing direct visualization of measurement location relative to the treatment field on the patient. Methods and Materials10 WBRT patients consented under an IRB-approved protocol were monitored with scintillation dosimetry and always-on Cherenkov imaging, on both their treated and CB for one to three fractions. Scintillator dosimeters, small plastic discs 1mm thick and 15mm in diameter, were calibrated against optically-stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) to generate an integral output-to-dose conversion, where integral output is measured in post-processing through a custom fitting algorithm. The discs have been extensively characterized in a previous study for various treatment conditions including beam energy and treatment geometry. ResultsN=44 dosimetry measurements were evaluated, including 22 treated breast and 22 CB measurements. Following integral output-to-dose calibration, in vivo scintillator dosimeters exhibited high linearity (R2=0.99) with paired OSLD readings across all patients. The difference between scintillation and OSLD dose measurements averaged 2.8% of the prescribed dose, or an absolute dose difference of approximately 7 cGy. ConclusionsIntegration of scintillation dosimetry with Cherenkov imaging offers an accurate, rapid alternative for in vivo dose verification in WBRT, circumventing the limitations of conventional point dosimeters. The additional benefit of visualizing measurement locations relative to the treatment field provides users an enhanced understanding of results and allows for detection of high dose gradients. Future work will explore the applicability of this technique across a broader range of radiotherapy treatments, aiming to streamline IVD practices.

Ultraviolet laser-induced fragmentation of hydrocarbon fuel droplets

The present study aims to understand droplet fragmentation due to instabilities from the radiative heating process. We focus on the plasma-induced breakup mechanism of iso-octane and n-hexane droplets from the nucleation of holes through sheets and instabilities. The plasma generation inside the droplets leads to an intense explosion followed by fragmentation of the droplets. A droplet is suspended in the air using an acoustic levitator and exposed to ultraviolet nanosecond laser pulses. The droplet sizes used are in the range of 0.5–2 mm in diameter, and laser energies are 10–20 mJ per pulse. Initially, plasma formation followed by shock wave emission is observed during the impact of the laser pulse. Afterward, the droplet opens at one side and is stretched vertically to form a liquid sheet. The hole formation and its rapid growth result in the breaking of the thin liquid sheet. Small droplets and ligaments emerge from the circular edge of the sheet, which follows the well-known ligament distribution. This study reveals the detailed analysis of expansion dynamics, evolution of single and multiple holes, and instabilities associated with the liquid sheet. The results observed are categorized into four different mechanisms: (1) plasma formation followed by shock wave propagation, (2) droplet deformation, (3) sheet breakup through nucleation of holes followed by rapid growth, and (4) complete atomization.

Bio‐Extract Mediated Synthesis of Y/Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Using Adenanthera pavonina L. and Their Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities

AbstractThe present study uses Adenanthera pavonina L. plant extract to synthesize Y/Fe2O3 nanoparticles in a sustainable and efficient manner. Several physicochemical investigations were performed on the synthesized Y/Fe2O3 to evaluate its structure and morphological characteristics. The high crystallinity of Fe2O3 and decreased crystal size of Y/Fe2O3 were revealed by the XRD study. The formulated Y/Fe2O3 was spherical in shape. Y/Fe2O3 has shown potential photocatalytic activity in the degradation of congo red and brilliant green dyes in the presence of visible light. Degradation efficiency is higher than 90% for both dyes. In addition, the antibacterial activity of Y/Fe2O3 was measured against pathogenic strains of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas putida, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Y/Fe2O3 showed promising antibacterial activity against all microorganisms. Micrococcus luteus showed a higher zone of inhibition (equal to 35 mm in diameter) than other microorganisms using Y/Fe2O3. Thus, it is established that the green synthesized Y/Fe2O3 nanoparticles are active catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous dyes and have antibacterial properties against different bacterial stains.

Critical-sized marginal defects around implants in the rabbit mandible.

The mandible of the rabbit is considered a reliable model to be used to study bone regeneration in defects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the formation of new bone around implants installed in defects of either 5 or 10mm in the mandible of rabbits. In 12 rabbits, 3mm deep circumferential defect, either 5 or 10mm in diameter, were prepared bilaterally and an implant was placed in the center. A collagen membrane was placed to close the entrance. After 10 weeks, biopsies were taken, histological slides were prepared, and different regions of the defects were analyzed. Similar amounts of new bone were found in both defects. However, most of the 5mm defects were filled with new bone. New bone was observed closing the entrance of the defect and laid onto the implant surface. Only in a few cases the healing was incomplete. Despite a similar percentage of new bone found within the 10mm defects, the healing was incomplete in most of the cases, presenting a low rate of bone formation onto the implant surface within the defect. Only one case presented the closure of the entrance. The dimensions of the defect strongly influenced the healing so that a circumferential marginal defect of 10mm around an implant in the mandible body should be considered a critical-sized defect. The presence of the implant and of residues of teeth might have strongly influenced the healing.

Isolation and Identification of Postharvest Rot Pathogens in Citrus × tangelo and Their Potential Inhibition with Acidic Electrolyzed Water.

This study focused on the identification of rot-causing fungi in Citrus × tangelo (tangelo) with a particular emphasis on investigating the inhibitory effects of acidic electrolyzed water on the identified pathogens. The dominant strains responsible for postharvest decay were isolated from infected tangelo fruits and characterized through morphological observation, molecular identification, and pathogenicity detection. Two strains were isolated from postharvest diseased tangelo fruits, cultured and morphologically characterized, and had their gene fragments amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4. The results revealed the rDNA-ITS sequence of two dominant pathogens were 100% homologous with those of Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus sydowii. These isolated fungi were confirmed to induce tangelo disease, and subsequent re-isolation validated their consistency with the inoculum. Antifungal tests demonstrated that acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on P. citrinum and A. sydowii, with EC50 values of 85.4μg/mL and 60.12μg/mL, respectively. The inhibition zones of 150μg/mL AEW to 2 kinds of pathogenic fungi were over 75mm in diameter. Furthermore, treatment with AEW resulted in morphological changes such as bending and shrinking of the fungal hyphae surface. In addition, extracellular pH, conductivity, and absorbance at 260nm of the fungi hypha significantly increased post-treatment with AEW. Pathogenic morphology and IST sequencing analysis confirmed P. citrinum and A. sydowii as the primary pathogenic fungi, with their growth effectively inhibited by AEW.

Repair Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dental Ceramic Using Various Surface Treatments: An In Vitro Study

Abstract Aim: This research aims to evaluate and compare the effect of various surface treatments and adhesive types on the bond strength between composite resin and two types of ceramic materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 98 disk-shaped of 10 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness were fabricated for each of the zirconia (H. C. Starck) and lithium disilicate (IPS E-Max computer-aided design), which were implanted individually in the acrylic resin mold leaving one surface exposed. The disks in each group were sub-divided according to the surface treatments into seven groups (n = 14): [hydrofluoric acid (HF, 9.5%), air abrasion, bur, laser, HF + bur, HF + air abrasion, HF + laser]. Each sub-group was further divided into two groups (n = 7) according to the type of adhesive used for the repairing procedure [G-Premio Bond universal adhesive group and intraoral repair kit (BISCO) group]. Each adhesive was applied depending on manufacturer instructions and, then, the composite cylinder (4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height) was built on the pre-determined treated ceramic surface area by the addition of rubber mold. Then the samples were stored in distal water for 24 h. After that, all groups were submitted to a shear bond test using an Instron testing machine (TSTM 02500; Elista Ltd., Istanbul, Turkey) at 0.5 mm/min a crosshead speed. The data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The HF + air abrasion groups registered the higher bond strength but with no statistically significant difference from groups of HF + bur. While the laser groups showed the lowest mean bond strength. Generally, E-Max registered significantly higher bond strength in comparison to zirconia. Finally, the BISCO repair system registered a significantly higher bond strength value in comparison to G-Premio. Conclusion: Combined surface treatment of HF + air abrasion with an intraoral repair kit can provide a promising method for repairing cracked ceramic restorations. However, repairing lithium disilicate is more predictable and successful than zirconia.

Effect Of Adhesive Application Protocols On Bond Strength Of Ceramic Veneer Thickness

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate Shear Bond Strength of lithium disilicate ceramic veneers usingthree adhesive application protocols (pre-curing, co-curing and no adhesive application) using two resin cements (light cure total etch and dual cure self-etch). Material and Methods: By using CAD/CAM milling machine, 42 ceramic disc samples of dimensions 4X 4 mm in diameter and 0.5mm in thickness from Lithium disilicate ceramic material (Up-cad blocks). Buccal surface of 42 premolar teeth were flattened and etched then divided into 3 groups first group(P) received bonding agent then curing, second group (C) received bonding agent with no curing, third group(N)did not receive any bonding agent. Then each group is further subdivided into two subgroups according type of cement: light-cured luting cement total etch and a dual-cured self-adhesive resin cement.. All specimen underwent thermocycling aging and then shear bond strength test was carried out. A stereo microscope wasused to measure mode of failure of each specimen. Results: Regardless of type of cement co-curing application protocol had highest bond strength, followed by Noadhesive application protocol, while pre-curing application protocol had the lowest bond strength. Regardless of adhesive application protocol Self-etch dual-cured cement had a higher bond strength than the total-etch light-cured cement. While for mode of failure statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in adhesive application protocol and cement types. Conclusions: To Increase adhesive protocol the Co-curing is better than other methods. With regards toCement types, self-etch dual cure cement gave a more reliable bond than the total etch light cure cement

Effective utilization of polypectomy in endoscopic salvage treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective cohort study.

Current guidelines recommend endoscopic resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNETs) under 10 mm. Incomplete resections necessitate salvage procedures, highlighting the need for complete R0 resection. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of wide hot snare polypectomy (WHSP) compared to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for the salvage treatment of small RNETs. This retrospective study was conducted at Korea University Guro Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. It compared the outcomes of salvage resections for RNETs ≤10 mm using 2 approaches: ESD and EMR vs. WHSP. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical outcomes were compared. Efficacy was evaluated by the histological complete resection rate and procedure time, while safety was assessed by the incidence of complications. Out of 135 patients undergoing salvage resection for RNET, 14 who underwent transanal excision were excluded. Of the remaining 121, 99 underwent EMR or ESD, and 22 underwent WHSP. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. The WHSP group demonstrated a significantly higher R0 resection rate (72.7% vs. 49.5%, P = 0.010) and a shorter median procedure time (3.5 minutes vs. 8.3 minutes). No complications were reported in the WHSP group. WHSP is a rapid, straightforward, safe, and effective approach for the salvage treatment of RNETs less than 10 mm in diameter, particularly in patients without additional risk factors.

Impact of Solvent Properties of Cold-Pressed and Steam-Distilled Orange Oils on GuttaFlow2 and Gutta-Percha.

Root canal retreatment often employs organic solvents like chloroform, eucalyptol, and orange oil. However, studies comparing their effectiveness yield inconsistent results. The quantity of d-limonene, a crucial component in orange oil, varies depending on the oil production method. Cold-pressed orange oil has been observed to contain the highest d-limonene levels. This study investigates the comparative solvent effects of cold-pressed and steam-hydrodistilled orange oils on gutta-percha and GuttaFlow2, typically used components in root canal fillings. Thirty-two discs (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were prepared using GuttaFlow and gutta-percha cones. The samples were weighed and then randomly divided into four groups (n=8) based on the type of solvent used. Each group was immersed in its respective solvent for 10 minutes. After exposure to the solvent, the samples were reweighed to determine the amount of material removed. The weight loss in the group treated with cold-pressed orange oil on gutta-percha was significantly higher than in other groups (GuttaFlow2 + cold-pressed orange oil, gutta-percha + steam hydrodistilled orange oil, GuttaFlow2 + steam hydrodistilled orange oil) (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001). According to the study findings, cold-pressed orange oil demonstrated a higher solvent effect on both GuttaFlow2 and traditional gutta-percha compared to steam-hydrodistilled orange oil. This indicates the significant impact of the production method of orange oil on its efficacy as a solvent in root canal therapy retreatment.

Local application of melatonin associated or not to xenogeneic material, in critical defects of rat calvaria.

Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone that can stimulate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption, among other functions. Aim: To evaluate the effect on new bone formation of MLT applied locally to critical defects created in the calvaria of rats, compared to the effect of Bio-Oss® xenogeneic bone substitute (BO), by analyzing histomorphometry, microtomography and gene expression. Materials and Method: Two critical defects (5.0 mm in diameter) were created in the calvaria of 36 adults male Wistar rats. The rats were divided randomly into two groups: a test group, in which one of the defects was filled with MLT, and the other with MLT with Bio-Oss® (MLTBO), and a control group, in which one of the defects was filled only with the clot (C), and the other with BO. The rats were euthanized 30 days after surgery. Samples of the calvaria containing the critical defects were collected for analysis by histomorphometry, microtomography, and the expression of the genes for type I collagen (COL-I), osteopontin (OPN) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Results: A qualitative improvement was observed in bone healing when MLT was used, though there was no statistical difference in the quantification of newly formed bone (p>0.05). Micro-CT showed that bone volume was significantly smaller in absence of BO (p=0.006). Bone trabeculae thickness (p=0.590) and number (p=0.150) were not significantly affected by MLT. Regarding the expression of the genes COL-I, OPN and BMP-2, no significant differences were observed between the MLT, BO and MLTBO groups. Conclusion: Topical application of MLT resulted in a qualitative improvement in bone healing, although it did not affect bone formation quantitatively. In the absence of BO, less bone volume and less bone trabecular thickness were observed.