Ml Of Treatment Research Articles

Antimicrobial Activities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Some Plant Seeds

The present investigation is about the measurement of antimicrobial activity (AMA) of polysaccharides isolated from the seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), purslane (Portulaca oleracea), safflower (Carthamu stinctorius),coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Escherichia coli (E.coli), Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) and (MRSA) at different concentrations using agar diffusion method In vitro. Polysaccharides (PSs) were extracted, isolated and purified from different seeds separately. Paper chromatographic analysis of the purified PSs, revealed the presence of different percentages of monosaccharides constituents per each seed PS. In vitro study was performed to evaluate the obtained PSs activities against 4 microbial strains (S. aureus, E. coli, B subtilis and MRSA) using agar diffusion method. PSs showed AMA against S. aureus and E. coli more than that of B subtilis and MRSA at 10% concentration and inhibition zones were estimated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of PSs against S. aureus, E. coli, B subtilis and MRS were found in the range of 1-5 mg/ml. The result demonstrates the killing effect of PSs against S. aureus, E. coli, B subtilis and MRSA at 10% PS within 24 hours. Inhibition zone diameters exhibited different levels of decreases with the PSs concentrations decreases against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and MRSA. Inhibition effects of PSs against different microbial strains were found to be depending on PSs concentration. However, the lowest concentration of PSs produced lower inhibitory activity against S. aureus B. subtilis E. coli and MRSA. The results obtained with all PSs showed best AMA against S. aureus and E. coli than the other two microbial strains used in the present study. Results indicated these PSs have AMA against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium at 10% concentration. The common PSs consider important sources of antimicrobial agents with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 100-500µg/ml for treatment some infectious diseases.

Inefficacy of Dilute Epinephrine in Preventing Feline Scrotal Hematomas: Results From a Randomized Control Trial

Introduction: The authors previously investigated the use of epinephrine at 1:400,000 dilution to prevent scrotal hematoma but found no significant reduction in hematomas. We hypothesized that higher concentrations of epinephrine would reduce the incidence of hematomas. Methods: Male cats trapped for Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine’s Trap-Neuter-Return program were assigned to one of three treatment groups in this randomized control trial: LRS control (A), 1:40,000 epinephrine (B), or 1:120,000 epinephrine (C). Each patient received 0.2 mL of treatment as a topical wash within the scrotum. Veterinarians blinded to the treatment group assessed for the presence and severity of hematoma at three stages. Results: 398 cats were enrolled into groups A (n = 136), B (n = 133), and C (n = 129). Number of hematomas occurring in each group were 15 (11%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6–18%), 12 (9%, 95% CI: 5–15%), and 8 (6%, 95% CI: 3–12%), respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of scrotal hematoma (P = 0.397) or scrotal hematoma requiring treatment (P = 1.0). Weight was the only variable associated with the risk of hematoma (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.3; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Despite its vasoconstrictive effects, dilute epinephrine as a topical wash was not effective in preventing feline scrotal hematomas.

Nematicidal Activity of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) Seem. Leaf Extract Against Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub.) Chitwood on Eggplant (Solanum spp.) in Jalingo, Nigeria

Solutions to problems of pests ravaging man’s crops abound in nature and are known to be quite soft on the environment. Extracts of leaves of Newbouldia laevis were assayed for activity against the rootknot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. The treatments which included the crude extract, 5 ml and 10 ml dilutions and Control as distilled water were used both in the laboratory and field experiments. Twelve petridishes containing 1000 nematode eggs and another 12 petridishes containing 1000 juveniles were each treated with the extracts and arranged in complete randomized design. Results showed the crude extract was the most effective in reducing the hatching of M. javanica eggs (90.33%) and caused greater mortality of juveniles (93.10%) than all other treatments. In the field experiment, twelve 2 m x 2 m-sized prepared plots were transplanted with nine three week old seedlings of ‘Eggplant cv Yar Bello’ into holes drenched with 10 ml of appropriate treatment. Ten ml of these treatments were drenched into soil around the plants weekly for eight weeks. Result showed that the crude extract performed better than other treatments in all parameters some of which included plant height (112.77 cm in 2017; 113.33 cm in 2018), number of leaves (120.00 in 2017; 120.77 in 2018), number of fruits (35.44 in 2017; 35.88 in 2018), fruit weight (73.81g in 2017; 74.44 g in 2018), yield (58.70 tons/ha in 2017;59.94 tons/ha in 2018), final nematode population (159.66 in 2017; 149.26 in 2018) and reproduction factor (0.42 in 2017; 0.39 in 2018). In conclusion, extract of N. laevis particularly the crude extract shows potential for managing M. javanica and allowing for profitable cultivation of ‘Eggplant cv Yar Bello’.

Применение маннитол термостабилизированных ГК-комплексов в лечении гонартроза

INTRODUCTION: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural glycosaminoglycan which is an integral component of both the matrix of articular cartilage and synovial fluid with its unique rheological properties that are lost in gonarthrosis, which leads to a decrease of viscoelastic characteristics of the synovia and destruction of the cartilage. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of Hyapro sterile biopolymer synovial fluid prosthesis in a disposable syringe for intra-articular injection at a concentration of 1.5% — 2 ml in treatment of gonarthrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2020 to April 2022 at settings of the orthopedic department of Ryazan Regional Clinical Hospital, an open prospective non-comparative study of the effectiveness and safety of Hyapro sterile biopolymer synovial fluid prosthesis at a concentration of 1.5% — 2 ml in 30 patients with 2 to 3 stage gonarthrosis according to Kellgren–Lawrence scale was carried out. Prior to the treatment, and also 3 and 6 months after, the severity of clinical symptoms on VAS, WOMAC, Leken scales, the quality of life according to SF-36 questionnaire were registered; the biochemical markers namely cartilaginous oligomatrix peptide (COMP), metal matrix proteinase 3 (MMR 3) were determined with the use of StatFax enzyme-linked plate analyzer (Awareness Technology, USA). RESULTS: In general, the studied drug was well tolerated by patients: there were no typical for intra-articular injections cases of clinically important adverse reactions like prolonged pain at the injection site, expansion-like sensation, an elevation of local temperature, and changes in the color of skin or changes of the shape of the knee joint. Just transient local tenderness in 6.7% of injection cases was noted. We revealed a statistically significant decrease in serum MMR-3 levels by 6 months of follow-up, which reflects a reduction of the inflammatory component in osteoarthritis of the joint studied. Besides, a gradual increase in COMP levels by the 6th month of the study was found, which may be an evidence of activation of the protein after the course of treatment to replenish the cartilage matrix. The results on VAS, WOMAC scales, and Leken algofunctional index demonstrated similar positive dynamics: a statistically reliable decrease in such parameters as pain, stiffness, and impaired functioning by the 3rd month of follow-up compared with the initial level; this trend was remaining in 6 months. After 3 months of treatment, there was a reliable improvement of the quality of life on the subscale of the physical component of health compared with the initial level, which persisted until the end of the study. On the subscale of the psychological component of health, no changes were found during the period. CONCLUSION: The course use of Hyapro biopolymer synovial fluid prosthesis on the basis of hyaluronic acid thermally stabilized with mannitol, in symptomatic gonarthrosis of intermediate stages, permits safely and effectively reduce pain and the inflammatory response, improve the function of the affected joint through restoration of viscoelastic and protective properties of synovial fluid for up to at least 6 months, improving the quality of life of patients.

Maximum volume of nasal administration using a mucosal atomization device without aspiration in Japanese White rabbits.

Recently, a mucosal atomization device (MAD) has been applied in veterinary medicine. In the present study, the maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration using MAD was examined in eight healthy female Japanese White (JW) rabbits. Each rabbit had their head and neck examined by computed tomography before and after nasal atomization with four different doses (0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 ml per nostril) of diluted contrast medium (1:2 mixture of iohexol and saline). This was done under general anesthesia by an intramuscular administration of alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg, medetomidine 40 μg/kg, and butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg, with a 7-day washout period between each treatment. The diluted contrast medium was distributed in the nasal cavity, external nares, and/or oral cavity in all rabbits receiving each treatment. The intranasal distribution volumes of the contrast medium were 287 (250–333) mm3 [median (interquartile range)] for 0.15 ml, 433 (243–555) mm3 for 0.3 ml, 552 (356–797) mm3 for 0.45 ml, and 529 (356–722) mm3 for 0.6 ml of treatment. The intranasal distribution volume for 0.15 ml treatment tended to be lower than that for 0.6 ml treatment (P=0.083). The contrast medium was deposited in the trachea in one rabbit (12.5%) and four rabbits (50%) receiving treatments of 0.45 and 0.6 ml per nostril, respectively. The maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration into the trachea was 0.3 ml per nostril for the JW rabbits.

Effect of Addition of Fermented Liquid on Silage Quality of Turi Leaves (Sesbania grandiflora) and Cassava Tubers (Manihot esculenta) as Fish Feed Ingredients

Utilization of Turi leaves (Sesbania grandiflora) and cassava tubers (Manihot esculenta) as a protein source to replace some fish meal can be done by silage of the two ingredients. This silage fermentation process requires adding inoculum from the fermented liquid to obtain good quality silage. This study aims to determine the effect of fermented liquid on the quality of silage made from Turi leaves and cassava tubers for fish feed ingredients through parameters of Titration End Point and pH levels. The research treatment was the addition of fermented liquid for four days with a sugar content of 1% (CT4-1%) in the treatment silage (S_CT4-1%), compared to the initial silage (SA) and the negative control silage (SKN). The results showed a significant (P<0.05) addition of CT4-1% fermented liquid, namely Titration End Point S_CT4-1% a significant increase of 281.9% from 18.33 mL in SA to 70.00 mL in treatment. The pH condition significantly decreased from 5.35 in SA to 4.17 in the treatment. Titration End Point on SKN only increased by 90.9% from 18.33 mL to 35.00 mL, with pH only dropping from 5.35 to 4.31. Study concuded that CT4-1% produced excellent quality silage of Turi leaves and cassava tubers based on TAT and pH levels. This quality can increase the chance of silage of Turi leaves and cassava tubers treated with CT4-1% as a partial substitute for fish meal in fish feed manufacture.

Retinal Vasculitis and Intraocular Inflammation after Intravitreal Injection of Brolucizumab

To evaluate features and outcomes of eyes with retinal vasculitis and intraocular inflammation (IOI) after intravitreal injection (IVI) of brolucizumab 6 mg/0.05 ml for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retrospective case series. Fifteen eyes from 12 patients identified from 10 United States centers. Review of patient demographics, ophthalmologic examination results, and retinal imaging findings. Baseline and follow-up visual acuity (VA), prior anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, clinical presentation, retinal findings, fluorescein angiography results, and treatment strategies. The number of previous anti-VEGF IVIs ranged between 2 and 80 in the affected eye before switching to brolucizumab. Retinal vasculitis and IOI were diagnosed at a mean of 30 days after brolucizumab IVI. Mean VA before brolucizumab IVI was 0.426 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR; Snellen equivalent, 20/53) and VA at diagnosis of retinal vasculitis was 0.981 logMAR (Snellen equivalent, 20/191; range, 20/25-20/1600; P= 0.008). All affected eyes showed IOI with variable combinations of focal or elongated segmental sheathing and discontinuity of small and large retinal arteries, sclerotic arteries, regions of vascular nonperfusion, cotton-wool spots, Kyrieleis plaques, irregular venous caliber with dilated and sclerotic segments, perivenular hemorrhages, and foci of phlebitis. Fluorescein angiography revealed delayed retinal arterial filling, retinal vascular nonperfusion, and variable dye leakage from affected vessels and the optic nerve. Systemic evaluation for embolic causes was unrevealing in 2 patients, and 3 patients showed negative laboratory assessment for uveitis. Treatment consisted of various combinations of corticosteroids (systemic, intravitreal, and topical), and 2 eyes underwent vitrectomy without improvement in vision. After a mean follow-up of 25 days, mean VA was 0.833 logMAR (Snellen equivalent, 20/136), which was reduced compared with baseline (P= 0.033). Retinal vasculitis and IOI after brolucizumab IVI are characterized by variable occlusion of large or small retinal arteries, or both, and perivenular abnormalities. It may span from peripheral vasculitis to occlusion of large retinal arteries around the optic nerve or macula with severe vision loss. A high index of suspicion is required because vitreous cells may obscure visualization of retinal details.

Outcomes of Onyx® Embolization of Type II Endoleaks After Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Type II endoleaks (T2ELs) are common following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR). Embolization with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx) may present an effective treatment alternative for T2ELs. Due to limited data supporting its use, we sought to analyze outcomes of Onyx embolization for T2ELs. Retrospective review of consecutive patients treated for T2ELs utilizing Onyx embolization agent from 2009-2018. All pre- and post-Onyx intervention CT scans were analyzed for diameter and volume changes with 3D reconstruction software. The primary outcomes were change in maximum AAA diameter and volume. Secondary outcomes included additional interventions, rupture, and mortality. A subset analysis was performed with patients with isolated T2ELs (no other types of endoleaks present). We identified 85 patients (73 males, mean age 77.6±7.6years) who underwent 112 Onyx interventions. Average time to first Onyx intervention after index EVAR was 3.3±2.6years and average sac growth was 6.3±6.7mm. Patients underwent mean 1.3 Onyx interventions using a mean of 4.9±4.7ml for treatment. Three complications occurred (Onyx extravasation, colon ischemia, and access site hematoma). Mean follow-up was 2.5±2.1years after initial Onyx treatment. At the most recent follow-up, sac diameter stabilization was seen in 47% and reduction >5mm was seen in 19%. Sac growth of >5mm was seen in 34% of patients following the first Onyx intervention. In our subset of isolated T2EL, 72% had sac stabilization or reduction >5mm. Four patients experienced a ruptured aneurysm (3 had active type 1 endoleaks). Rupture-free survival was 95% at 5years, and overall survival was 54% at 5years. Notably, increasing Onyx interventions were not associated with sac stabilization or reduction (OR 0.6, P=0.1). On multivariable analysis, AAA sac diameter stabilization or reduction was independently associated with BMI >30kg/m2 (OR 4.2, P=0.01) and having only 1 Onyx intervention (OR 3.8, P=0.02). Onyx for embolization of T2ELs resulted in AAA sac diameter stabilization or reduction in 66% of patients, and up to 72% in isolated T2ELs. Further, increasing Onyx interventions were not associated with either aneurysm sac stabilization or reduction. Given its similar outcomes to other embolization strategies in the literature, Onyx embolization for management of T2ELs needs to be judiciously considered, particularly for T2ELs persisting after an initial Onyx embolization intervention.

Chemoprevention of Experimental Periodontitis in Diabetic Rats with Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Loaded with Resveratrol.

Objective: the objective of the present work is to study the effectiveness of treatment with silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol in experimental periodontitis in a diabetic rat model. Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory pathology highly related to other diseases, such as type II diabetes. Both diseases have a specific inflammatory condition, with Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and Transforming Grow Factor (TGF)-1β being the most relevant proinflammatory factors. Silk fibroin (SF) nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol (Res-SFN) are a new alternative as a treatment. Methods: 40 diabetic Sprague Dawley male rats were used and periodontitis was induced by ligation. The animals were divided into 5 treatment groups, and 1 mL of treatment was administered once a day for 4 weeks. The groups were: I: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.8%, II: CMC 0.8% + SF 1%, III: CMC 0.8% + RES-SFN 3 mg/mL, IV: CMC 0.8% + SF 1% + RES-SFN 3 mg/mL, V: Water. A peripheral blood sample was taken every week to quantify the inflammatory profile by ELISA (IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-1β). After 4 weeks the sacrifice was carried out and biopsies of the gum were taken. Results: Treatment with SF and RES-SFN reduced the amount of chemical inflammation mediators (with the exception of IL-1β in comparisons I-IV and II-IV (p > 0.05)), as well as the anatomopathological variables linked to it, in a significant way (p < 0.05). Conclusion: treatment with RES-SFN has reduced local inflammation in this experimental periodontitis model.

Ecotoxicological assessment and electrochemical remediation of doxorubicin

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline widely used in treatments of several cancers, so it has found in hospital effluents with a significant concentration (above 1 μg L−1). Electrochemical remediation is an alternative to promote its degradation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of nanostructured graphite electrodes with metallic oxides to degrade DOX by electro-oxidation (EO). Graphite, TiO2@graphite and AuO-TiO2@graphite electrodes were used in medium with tap water or 10 mmol L−1 NaCl. DOX treatments at concentrations of 1.25–5 mg L−1 were carried out in a voltage source with 1.5–5 V. The cathode used was the platinum electrode. The treatment of DOX 1.25 mg L−1 with 10 mmol L−1 NaCl electrolyte using the AuO-TiO2@graphite electrode at 5 V and 1 mA was the best methodology to promote its degradation. Also, the modified electrode was efficient to DOX degradation after 17 cycles of reuse. An energy expenditure of 1.11 and 0.2 kWh m−3 were obtained for 3 and 50 mL of treatment, respectively. Fish embryo acute toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio) were performed before and after treatment by EO using NaCl. This treatment caused no effect on embryo-larval development, however it induced significant damage in the DNA of the zebrafish larvae after 96 h of exposure, which emphasizes the importance of a depth ecotoxicological evaluation during the development of EO methodologies.

Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in the Dead Sea Mud and Treatment Optimization

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the experimental remediation of the Dead Sea mud and the quantitative determination of some heavy metals. Herein, two chelating agents were employed as extracting aqueous solution: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid. The study focused on the main known heavy metals that were reported previously to be in the Dead Sea mud, which are Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cr. Findings had indicated that citric acid was efficient in the removal of the aforementioned heavy metals. Physicochemical parameters that were expected to affect the removal of metals in the Dead Sea mud were optimized. Those parameters were the chelating agent concentration, mixing time and speed, type of washing water, temperature, and pH. The results showed that the best removal of heavy metals from Dead Sea mud can be achieved under optimum citric acid concentration, 1.5 g/50 mL for treatment of 10 g mud. Optimum mixing speed and time were found to be 800 rpm and 1 hr, respectively. Regarding washing water, it was found that the use of the same water for repeated washing provided better removal percentages. pH values and temperature had effect on removal percentages of the heavy metals from mud. However, working at pH 7 and room temperature would provide convenient results for heavy metal removal.

Effect of combined acetylmethionine, cyanocobalamin and α-lipoic acid on hepatic metabolism in high-yielding dairy cow.

The aim of the study reported in this Research Communication was to investigate the effect of a combined acetylmethionine, cyanocobalamin and α-lipoic acid treatment, on some metabolic parameters of early lactating high-yielding dairy cows. Thirty cows were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 20) and control group (CG, n = 10). EG received 20 ml of treatment and CG received 20 ml of placebo. The treatments were administered for seven times every 2 d. Blood samples were collected from all cows at 3 time points: 10 ± 2, 30 ± 2 and 50 ± 2 d postpartum. Glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB), total proteins (TP), globulins, albumin and urea concentrations were determined. Two-way repeated measure analysis of variance was applied. Significant differences in the values of glucose, BHB, NEFA, triglycerides, TC, AST and urea were found between EG and CG. Moreover, the increased glucose, TC, ALT, GGT, TP and globulins, and the reduced BHB, NEFA, AST, triglycerides, TB, CB and urea concentrations were evident in both groups, but the changes were more pronounced in EG. Our findings indicate that our treatment positively influenced liver metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows.

Evaluation of the embryotoxic and teratogenic effect of the β‐HPC in ovo

Exposure of drugs during the pregnancy may have different effects on the development of the embryo, depending on the period of the exhibition. Injuries during the division of the zygote and implementation that can have effects such as malformations, dysfunctions, alterations in growth, stillbirth and altered postnatal functions are called embryotoxicity. On the other hand, irreversible lesions that are compatible with life, but which may result in structural or functional abnormalities in the born products, it is called teratogenicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the β‐HPC produces embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in ovo. Eggs were incubated for 24 h at 37°C and 60% humidity. We included the following treatment groups (n=5): control, negative control, positive control (caffeine 10 mg/mL, for embryotoxicity test) and 60, 120, 240 and 480 μg/mL of β‐HPC. 1 mL of albumin was removed and was replaced by 1 mL of treatment, and sealed with paraffin. The embryos were obtained after 48 hours of incubation with the treatment. They were fixed, dehydrated and were stained for observation. For teratogenicity study, has followed the same procedure, only the embryos developed fully until hatch. Once outside of the hatched chickens were analyzed to verify the presence of abnormalities. Embryotoxicity results showed that β‐HPC different concentrations did not induce structural malformations in embryos. However, the highest dose induced a higher stage compared to the control. In the results of teratogenicity was observed that β‐HPC, did not induce malformations in the development of the chicken. However, it was observed that the development of the chickens was lower, concentration‐dependent. The highest concentration (480 mg/mL) induced a smaller stadium. In conclusion the β‐HPC did not induce effects embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, however, can detain the development of chicken, concentration‐dependent.

MP23-16 EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SINGLE-SITE SURGERY VERSUS MINILAPAROSCOPY FOR TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT UPPER URINARY TRACT PATHOLOGIES: PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE STUDY

You have accessJournal of UrologySurgical Technology & Simulation: Instrumentation & Technology I1 Apr 2016MP23-16 EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SINGLE-SITE SURGERY VERSUS MINILAPAROSCOPY FOR TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT UPPER URINARY TRACT PATHOLOGIES: PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE STUDY Aly Abdel-Karim, Elsaid Yahia, Mohamed Hassouna, and Salah Elsalmy Aly Abdel-KarimAly Abdel-Karim More articles by this author , Elsaid YahiaElsaid Yahia More articles by this author , Mohamed HassounaMohamed Hassouna More articles by this author , and Salah ElsalmySalah Elsalmy More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.738AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Direct comparative prospective studies between laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and minilaparoscopy ML are still lacking. We present the first prospective double-blind randomized study to compare between LESS and ML for treatment of different upper urinary tract pathologies. METHODS During the period of January 2013 and June 2015, patients with different upper urinary pathologies who were candied for laparoscopic surgical intervension were blindly randomized to both LESS and CL. ML was done by 3-mm instruments; including 3-mm laparoscope. All procedures were done by a single experienced laparoscopist. Exclusion criteria included children less than 3 years and absolute contraindications of laparoscopy. Both groups were compared regarding patients demographic data, operative time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, estimated blood loss (EBL), hospital stay, analgesic requirement, visual analogue pain scale (VAS) on discharge and cosmetic outcome. Cosmetic outcome was assessed at 6 months postoperatively using the patient scar assessment scale (PSAS) and observer scar assessment scale (OSAS). RESULTS Included were 60 patients with mean age of 40.7±9.2 years and 39.6±16.7 years both in LESS and ML, respectively. Mean BMI was 29.5±3.4 and 28.6±4.37 kg/m2 in LESS and ML groups, respectively. In LESS group there were 2 adrenalectomies, 9 nephrectomies (5 simple and 4 radical), 9 pyeloplasties and 9 cyst marsuplizations and a case of retrocaval ureter. While in ML group there were 3 adrenalectomies, 9 nephrectomies (5 simple and 4 radical), 9 pyeloplasties and 9 cyst marsuplizations. Operative time in LESS was 167 ±24 min which was longer than that of ML group (145±39 min) but statistically insignificant. EBL in LESS was 59±34 ml Vs 43± 42 ml in ML and the difference was statistically insignificant. VAS was significantly less in LESS group (1.7±0.6 in LESS and 2.8±0.5 in ML). In LESS group, PSAS was 5.9±0.85 while OSAS was 10.6±1.98. Meanwhile, In ML group, PSAS was 8.9±0.9 and OSAS 13.5±6.3. The difference was statistically significant. There were no intra-operative complications in both groups. Post-operative complications were reported in 6.6% and 3.3% both in LESS and ML groups; respectively. Mean hospital stay was 1.8±1.3 days in LESS Vs 2.1±0.8 days in ML. Mean analgesic requirements in the post-operative period was 151.7±35.6 mg of Diclofenac Na in LESS Vs 169.7±47.3 mg in ML. There were no conversions to either open surgery or conventional laparoscopy in both groups. 5-mm extra port was added in 4 cases of LESS. Meanwhile, in ML group we used a 10-mm port in 12 cases in order to use the Hem-O-lock clip applier. CONCLUSIONS Both LESS and ML are feasible and safe options for treatment of different upper urinary tract pathologies with comparable operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and complication rate. However, LESS is associated with less analgesic requirement and better cosmetic outcome. Each procedure has its own technical limitations. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e267-e268 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information Aly Abdel-Karim More articles by this author Elsaid Yahia More articles by this author Mohamed Hassouna More articles by this author Salah Elsalmy More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

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Silicon is the main objective of many researchers whose goal is to see its use as an inductor resistance. The action of the inductor happens in the plants, where it does not affect the pathogen directly, but the effect will contribute for its control. Therefore, the main objective of this report was to evaluate the effect of silicon on the embryonic development and the hatching of Meloidogyne javanica. For this, three sources of silicon (Silifort&reg;, Rocksil&reg; and wollastonite) in the dosage 0 (distilled water), &frac12;, 1 and 2x the producer indication, resulting in a factorial 3 x 4, were evaluated in two&nbsp; different times. In Petri dishes were add 1 ml of suspension with 1500 eggs, and eventually juveniles of M. javanica, and 9 ml of treatment, which were evaluated, in Peters chambers, the percentage of eggs one, two, tetra and multicellular, eggs containing&nbsp;juvenile&nbsp;formed, and the hatched in a period of three days and seven days after the incubation (DAI). The wollastonite had stimulated the embryonic developments, as the increase of the dosage, were not seen with the Silifort&reg; and Rocksil&reg; experiments. The increase in the dosage of wollastonite caused stimulus to the hatching in 3 DAI, while Silifort&reg; caused the reduction of hatching in 3 DAI in both experiments. In 7 DAI, there was a reduction of hatching of juveniles exposed to Silifort&reg; and Rocksil&reg;, in the experiments 1 and 2, respectively. &nbsp; Key words: Egg, silicon, root-knot nematode, juvenile.

Effect of Different Initial pH on the Storage Characteristics and Shelf Life of Liquid Diet for Suckling and Weanling Piglets

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different initial pH on the storage characteristics and shelf life of liquid diet. 45 polypropylene bags were allotted to treatments 1, 2 and 3 on average, 100 g diet and 200 g water were placed into each polypropylene bag, food-grade DL-lactic acid was added to each bag at a rate of 0.0 mL in treatment 1, 1.2 mL in treatment 2 and 4.7 mL in treatment 3, air was artificially expelled from each bag prior to heat-sealing. All bags were placed into a cage, cooked with steam at 90°C for 30 min under normal pressure, then taken out and stored from day 0 to 60 at room temperature. Results indicated that liquid diet in treatment 3 achieved the highest total sensory scores, the pH value had a tendency to decrease and the bacteria count had a tendency to increase in the liquid diet with the advancing of storage time with the advancing of storage time, lowering the initial pH of liquid diet decreased the bacteria count, the AFB1 and ZEN concentrations and increased the starch gelatinization degree from day 30 to 60, liquid diet in treatment 3 had a lower (P<0.01) bacteria count and a higher (P<0.05) starch gelatinization degree at day 30 and 45 than liquid diet in treatment 1. In conclusion, lowering the initial pH of liquid diet with lactic acid to pH 4 could effectively improve the storage characteristics and shelf life of liquid diet.

Effects of the rate and composition of fluid replacement on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous torasemide.

The effects of differences in the rate and composition of intravenous fluid replacement for urine loss on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide were evaluated in rabbits. Each rabbit received 2-h constant intravenous infusion of 1 mg kg(-1) torasemide with 0% replacement (treatment 1, n=6), 50% replacement (treatment 2, n=9), 100% replacement with lactated Ringer's solution (treatment 3, n=8), and 100% replacement with 5% dextrose in water (treatment 4, n=6). Total body (4.53, 5.72, 10.0 and 4.45 mL min(-1) kg(-1) for treatments 1-4, respectively) and renal clearance (1.44, 1.87, 6.78 and 1.72 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) of torasemide, and total amount of unchanged torasemide excreted in 8-h urine (A(e 0-8 h): 694, 780, 1310 and 1040 microg) in treatment 3 were considerably faster and greater compared with treatments 1, 2 and 4. Although the difference in A(e 0-8 h) between treatments 1 and 3 was only 88.8%, the diuretic and/or natriuretic effects of torasemide were markedly different among the four treatments. For example, the mean 8-h urine output was 101, 185, 808 and 589 mL for treatments 1-4, respectively, and the corresponding values for sodium excretion were 10.1, 20.6, 89.2 and 29.9 mmol, and for chloride excretion were 14.5, 27.9, 94.0 and 37.2 mmol. Although full fluid replacement was used in both treatments 3 and 4, the 8-h diuretic, natriuretic and chloruretic effects in treatment 3 were significantly greater compared with treatment 4, indicating the importance of the composition of fluid replacement. Both treatments 1 and 4 received no sodium replacement, however, the 8-h diuretic, natriuretic and chloruretic effects were significantly greater in treatment 4 compared with treatment 1, indicating the importance of rate of fluid replacement for the diuretic effects. Therefore, the 8-h diuretic, natriuretic and chloruretic effects were significantly greater in treatment 3 compared with treatments 1, 2 and 4, indicating the importance of full fluid and electrolyte replacement. Some implications for the bioequivalence evaluation of dosage forms of torasemide are discussed.

Effects of intravenous administration of two volumes of calcium solution on plasma ionized calcium concentration and recovery from naturally occurring hypocalcemia in lactating dairy cows

To compare the effects of administration of 2 volumes of a calcium solution (calcium oxide and calcium gluconate) on plasma ionized calcium concentration (PICaC) and clinical recovery from naturally occurring hypocalcemia (NOHC; milk fever) in lactating dairy cows. 123 cows with NOHC (PICaC < 0.95 mmol/L [3.81 mg/dL]) and 20 clinically normal control cows. Affected cows were treated IV once or repeatedly with 450 (n = 56) or 750 mL (67) of calcium solution (1.65 g of calcium/100 mL) until clinical recovery was achieved. The PICaC was assessed 48 hours after the first treatment or after the treatment that achieved clinical recovery. Biochemical recovery was defined as PICaC > or = 0.95 mmol/L. Plasma from control cows was used for PICaC reference range determination. Plasma samples from both groups were assessed after storage for 20 days at 20 degrees C. The PICaC reference range derived from blood collected in tubes containing lithium heparin was 1.02 to 1.29 mmol/L (4.09 to 5.17 mg/dL). Following storage, plasma samples were suitable for PICaC assessment. All cows treated with > or = 1 volume of 450 and 750 mL of calcium solution recovered clinically; however, 31 of 83 (37%) evaluated cows were not biochemically recovered at 48 hours following treatment. Only cows with PICaC < 0.48 mmol/L (1.92 mg/dL) before the first treatment had to be treated > or = 3 times. Results did not support the need to increase the administered volume of calcium solution from 450 to 750 mL for treatment of NOHC in dairy cows.

Nasogastric Administration of Garenoxacin as Crushed Tablets With and Without Concomitant Enteral Feeding in Healthy Subjects

Cation-containing drugs have the potential to affect the absorption of quinolones. The current study was conducted to assess whether the bioavailability of garenoxacin was affected by administration as crushed tablets with and without concomitant enteral nutrition. This was a randomised, open-label, three-period, single-dose, crossover study carried out in healthy male volunteers who received study treatments at a clinical facility. The study included 18 subjects (mean age 30 +/- 6 years) who were treatment-naive to garenoxacin and had a body mass index of > or =18 kg/m(2) and < or =30 kg/m(2). Subjects received garenoxacin 600 mg orally in three treatments: (A) intact tablets; (B) crushed tablets suspended in water delivered via a nasogastric (NG) tube; and (C) treatment B plus concomitant enteral feeding (Osmolite; 600 mL at 100 mL/h). Serial plasma samples were collected post-dose for pharmacokinetic analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental methods. Geometric mean ratio with 90% CI for area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC(infinity)) and maximum observed plasma concentration (C(max)) were used to assess potential effects of the different conditions of administration. Absence of an effect was concluded if the 90% CIs for the ratio of geometric means for C(max) and AUC(infinity) were within 0.7-1.43 and 0.8-1.25, respectively. The pharmacokinetics (AUC(infinity)and C(max)) and safety of garenoxacin were assessed. Geometric means for C(max) were 8.3, 8.5 and 8.3 microg/mL and for AUC(infinity) were 103.3, 97.2 and 93.4 microg.h/mL for treatments A, B and C, respectively. The 90% CIs for geometric mean ratios for AUC(infinity) and C(max) of garenoxacin administered as crushed tablets and crushed tablets with Osmolite via NG tube relative to intact tablets administered orally were within 0.80-1.25, suggesting that the bioavailability of garenoxacin was not affected by delivery of crushed tablets via NG tube, regardless of concomitant enteral feeding, compared with oral delivery of intact tablets. Half-life (mean range 12-13 hours) was similar for all three groups. The relative bioavailability of garenoxacin was not affected by administration as crushed tablets, regardless of enteral feeding. Garenoxacin can be administered as crushed tablets in the presence or absence of concomitant Osmolite.

First experience with a ready-for-use rheohemapheresis system

Rheohemapheresis is increasingly being used for the improvement of microcirculation in numerous diseases. The method is based on the constant-flow separation of plasma by a cell separator and the secondary filtration of plasma through a hollow-fiber membrane. A new CE-marked system has recently been launched for an improved continuous flow blood separator (dideco Excel Pro) that contains a connection kit between the cell separator and a secondary filter and software which includes differential filtration as a standard protocol. The new system was used in our center using ethylenevinylalcohol secondary filters (Evaflux LA4 or LA5). 99 procedures were completed in 47 patients. A median of 2.7 (1.6–4.2) l of plasma were processed via the secondary filter in 109 (41–218) min. The values in peripheral blood before and after the treatment were total protein 6.7 (5.8–8.9)/5.3 (4.4–6.7) g/dl, fibrinogen 215 (118–480)/110 (37–275) mg/dl and cholesterol 200 (134–254)/92 (69–149) mg/dl. A median platelet loss of 30% in the peripheral blood of the patients was observed partly by platelet content of the separated plasma of 30 g/l after 500 ml of treatment and 10 g/l after 2500 ml. Major side effects in the patients were not observed. The new differential filtration system already fulfills the demands of a ready-to-use CE-marked rheohemapheresis system but improvements in the details of the treatment protocol are still required and under way.