mL Of H2O2 Research Articles

An efficient, green, and magnetic recycling wastewater treatment technique enabled by ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers photo-fenton process

A novel magnetic recycling ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers photo-Fenton system was successfully prepared by parallel electrospinning combining with solvothermal method. ZnO/NiFe2O4 composite nanofibers was prepared via parallel electrospinning, then ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers was obtained by solvothermal growth of BiOBr on electrospun ZnO/NiFe2O4 composite nanofibers. The composition, morphologies, structures and photocatalytic properties of ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers were systematically tested and analyzed, and some meaningful results were obtained. The prepared ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers, combined with H2O2, form a photo-Fenton system that exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance. When 0.05 mL of H2O2 is added to the photo-Fenton system, the degradation rate of organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) reaches 99.61 % under light exposure for 10 min. Capture experiments and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements have confirmed that holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the primary active species that play a dominant role in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Furthermore, the ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers have demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards RhB, maintaining a degradation rate of over 95 % even after undergoing three recycling experiments. Significantly, this photo-Fenton system also has good magnetic properties, which can be separated from the treatment system under the applied magnetic field, avoiding secondary pollution of the treatment system, improving reuse rate and saving costs. This study provides valuable insights for the purposeful utilization of the photocatalytic materils.

Synergistic Ag/g-C3N4 H2O2 System for Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), known for being nontoxic, highly stable, and environmentally friendly, is extensively used in photocatalytic degradation technologies. Silver nanoparticles effectively capture the photogenerated electrons in g-C3N4, enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. This study primarily focused on synthesizing graphitic carbon nitride via thermal polymerization and depositing noble metal silver onto g-C3N4 through photoreduction. Methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) were targeted as the pollutants in the photocatalytic experiments under visible light in conjunction with a H2O2 system. The characteristics peaks, structure, and morphology were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). g-C3N4 loaded with 6% Ag exhibited superior photocatalytic performance; the photocatalytic fraction of the degraded materials of the MO and MB solutions reached 100% within 70 and 80 min, respectively, upon adding 1 mL and 2 mL of H2O2. ·OH and ·O2- were the primary active free radicals in the dye degradation process within the synergistic system. Stability tests also demonstrated that the photocatalyst maintained good reusability under the synergistic system.

Cocos nucifera mediated green synthesis and characterization of BiOCl-Fe2O3 nanocomposite for photocatalytic dye degradation and electrochemical sensing of dopamine

In this study, BiOCl-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was synthesized by mixing 1:1 ratio of pre-prepared BiOCl and Fe2O3 in 100 mL of H2O using Cocos nucifera (coconut milk) as a green fuel through the microwave irradiation method. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–vis spectroscopy(UV–vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analysis were used to determine the structure, morphology, and optical features of synthesised nanocomposites. The characterized composites were used to dye degradation and electrochemical activity. Synthesized BiOCl-Fe2O3were degraded methylene blue (MB) 96.2 % in 105 min irradiation of visible light. The BiOCl-Fe2O3exhibits significant catalytic activity towards dopamine(DA) under optimal conditions. Cyclic Voltammetry(CV) and Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with different concentrations of DA was studied. These results indicate that this BiOCl-Fe2O3 is an effective approach for the precise and reliable identification of DA signals in biological samples.

Photodegradation of a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Azithromycin Using H2O2 under Ultraviolet Irradiation.

The photodegradation of azithromycin present was carried out in water using H2O2 under UV irradiation. The reaction variables considered in this study were the amount of H2O2 solution and the initial concentration of azithromycin to evaluate the performance of the photodegradation process. The azithromycin degradation was not observed in the dark during stirring for 20 min. The study showed an efficient photodegradation of azithromycin using H2O2 as an oxidant in the presence of UV irradiation. The azithromycin degradation was altered significantly by the pH of the irradiated solution. The degradation was low at an acidic pH and showed an increasing trend as the pH changed to basic. The azithromycin degradation increased with a higher amount (higher concentration) of H2O2. The degradation of azithromycin decreased with a higher concentration of azithromycin in the reacting solution. The highest degradation of AZT was achieved in 1 h using a 1.0 ppm AZT solution containing 3 mL of H2O2. The experimental data obtained were well-fitted to zero-order reaction kinetics. The results of this study were found quite excellent. They showed 100% degradation in 1 h when compared with those reported in the literature, both with photocatalysis using nanomaterials and photolysis using light irradiation and/or H2O2. The UV/H2O2 system was found to be quite efficient for the photodegradation of azithromycin, and this system can be applied to degrade other organic pollutants present in industrial wastewater.

Integration of two-stage membrane distillation and fenton-based process for landfill leachate treatment: Ammonia and water recovery and advancement towards zero liquid discharge

The recovery of resources from landfill leachate (LL) represents a more sustainable approach, as it combines meeting release standards with the valorization of raw materials and contributing to the circular economy. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of a two-stage Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (2S-DCMD) for the recovery of water and ammonia from LFL integrated with the Fenton-based process for the treatment of the membrane concentrate generated in the second stage, aiming to obtain zero effluent discharge. In the first stage, the hot LFL flows through the shell side of the polypropylene hollow fiber membrane module, while the sulfuric acid solution passes through the lumen side·NH3 is recovered in the form of ammonium sulfate. In the second stage, the hot effluent from the first stage flows through the hot channel of the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) sheet membrane module, while the cooled distilled water flows through the other side in countercurrent. Despite the high efficiency of MD, disposing of the concentrate presents challenges, as pollutant concentrations can escalate by an additional 25 % to 50 % compared to the original contaminants in the raw feed. To address this issue, an advanced oxidative process of Fenton (AOP/Fenton) was optimized for treating the concentrate. In the first stage, NH3 removal reached 97.84 %, accompanied by a recovery rate of 79 %. In the second stage, a permeate with high quality was produced. Substantial removal rates were observed in this stage: colour (99.96 %), turbidity (99.89 %), COD (99.33 %), and Sulfates (90.08 %). The AOP/Fenton under optimal conditions (21.50 g/L of Fe2+ and 80 mL of H2O2) the removal of COD was 88.69 %. Thus, this route emerges as a viable alternative for landfill leachate treatment with the recovery of important resources.

Environmentally safe magnetic/chitosan-based nickel schiff base composite as a heterogeneous and magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for mild and efficient reduction of nitroarenes

Catalytic reduction of harmful pollutants, like nitroarenes to important intermediates like aminoarenes is progressing in academic research. Development of heterogeneous catalysts utilizing environmentally friendly magnetic/chitosan (Fe3O4/CS) as support has gained much more attention due to its non-toxicity, low cost, availability, and easy recoverability. Herein, a new heterogeneous catalyst (Fe3O4/CS/SBz/Ni) has been prepared via the facile modification of –NH2 groups of the chitosan on the Fe3O4/CS surface with 2-[4-chlorophenylthio] benzaldehyde (SBz) and subsequent metalation of the obtained NS donors with nickel (II) cations. Various physiochemical characterizations, like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the correct fabrication of the expected product. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrated the formation of fine and monodispersed nanoparticles. The performance of the synthesized catalyst in the reduction of various nitroarene compounds to corresponding aminoarenes was evaluated at ambient conditions. UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded at various time intervals to monitor the reaction progress at room temperature. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in optimized reaction conditions (10 mg of catalyst, 0.2 mmol of NaBH4, 25 mL of H2O, room temperature, and 30 min) reached 91 % conversion. The catalyst was easily separated by an external magnet and reused in the next runs without significant loss of its activity.

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with a TOF MS Detector-An Effective Tool to Trace the Signature of Grape Varieties.

Varietal volatile compounds are characteristic of each variety of grapes and come from the skins of the grapes. This work focuses on the development of a methodology for the analysis of free compounds in grapes from Trincadeira, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Castelão and Tinta Barroca from the 2021 and 2022 harvests, using HS-SPME-GC × GC-TOFMS. To achieve this purpose, a previous optimization step of sample preparation was implemented, with the optimized conditions being 4 g of grapes, 2 g of NaCl, and 2 mL of H2O. The extraction conditions were also optimized, and it was observed that performing the extraction for 40 min at 60 °C was the best for identifying more varietal compounds. The fiber used was a triple fiber of carboxen/divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/DVB/PDMS). In addition to the sample preparation, the analytical conditions were also optimized, enabling the adequate separation of analytes. Using the optimized methodology, it was possible to identify fifty-two free volatile compounds, including seventeen monoterpenes, twenty-eight sesquiterpenes, and seven C13-norisoprenoids. It was observed that in 2021, more free varietal volatile compounds were identifiable compared to 2022. According to the results obtained through a linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the differences in volatile varietal signature are observed both among different grape varieties and across different years.

Ethylene Glycol-Choline Chloride Based Hydrated Deep Eutectic Electrolytes Enabled High-Performance Zinc-Ion Battery.

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) are considered as an emerging energy storage technology owing to their low cost, inherent safety, and reasonable energy density. However, significant challenges associated with electrodes, and aqueous electrolytes restrict their rapid development. Herein, ethylene glycol-choline chloride (Eg-ChCl) based hydrated deep-eutectic electrolytes (HDEEs) are proposed for RZIBs. Also, a novel V10O24·nH2O@rGO composite is prepared and investigated in combination with HDEEs. The formulated HDEEs, particularly the composition of 1ml of EG, 0.5g of ChCl, 4ml of H2O, and 2M ZnTFS (1-0.5-4-2 HDEE), not only exhibit the lowest viscosity, highest Zn2+ conductivity (20.38mScm-1), and the highest zinc (Zn) transference number (t+ = 0.937), but also provide a wide electrochemical stability window (>3.2V vs ZnǁZn2+) and enabledendrite-free Zn stripping/plating cycling over 1000 hours. The resulting ZnǁV10O24·nH2O@rGO cellwith 1-0.5-4-2 HDEE manifests high reversible capacity of ≈365mAhg-1 at 0.1Ag-1, high rate-performance (delivered ≈365/223mAhg-1 at 0.1/10mAg-1) and enhanced cycling performance (≈63.10% capacity retention in the 4000th cycle at 10Ag-1). Furthermore, 1-0.5-4-2 HDEE support feasible Zn-ion storage performance across a wide temperature range (0-80°C) FInally, a ZnǁV10O24·nH2O@rGO pouch-cell prototype fabricated with 1-0.5-4-2 HDEE demonstrates good flexibility, safety, and durability.

Development and optimization of a sustainable polyoxometalate-kaolinite-based catalyst for efficient desulfurization of model and real fuel using Box-Behnken design.

The oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene in model and real fuel has been investigated by developing an environmentally sustainable catalyst H4SiW12O40@f-kaolinite. The catalyst was synthesized by modifying kaolinite clay with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (f-kaolinite) followed by immobilizing silicotungstic acid hydrate (H4SiW12O40) onto its surface. The successful synthesis of the catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of variables i.e., catalyst dosage, temperature, and oxidant concentration on the conversion of dibenzothiophene was optimized by Box-Behnken design. The highest sulfur reduction (from 1000 to 78.3 ppm, with a conversion rate of 92.17%) was achieved at 70 °C, using a catalyst dosage of 70 mg and 8 mL of H2O2 in a model fuel. ANOVA analysis indicated that the quadratic model (R 2 = 0.99) was well-fitted for dibenzothiophene conversion, with a p-value of 0.2302 suggesting no statistically significant lack of fit compared to pure error. Furthermore, the H4SiW12O40@f-kaolinite demonstrated a reduction of dibenzothiophene concentration from 354 ppm to 224 ppm in a real fuel oil sample. The heterogeneous nanocatalyst showed remarkable stability, maintaining its elemental structure after five cycles without significant efficiency loss, promoting environmental sustainability.

Green sample preparation of medicinal herbs in closed digester block for elemental determination by ICP OES

This work presents a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly digestion method employing inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, Sr, and Zn in medicinal herbs. A fractional factorial design uses a multivariate strategy to optimize the experimental parameters. At 180 ºC and 120 min of sample digestion, the optimal condition for a closed block digester was achieved with a mixture consisting of 1.38 mL of HNO3 65% m m−1, 1.00 mL of H2O2 30% m m−1, and 2.62 mL of deionized water, using a mass of 0.10 g medicinal herb sample. The optimized procedure resulted in low dissolved organic carbon content and residual acidity concentration. The values of limits of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.06 (Cd) to 1.9 (P) mg kg−1 and 0.2 (Cd) to 6.3 mg kg−1 (P), respectively. Accuracy was confirmed through the analysis of three certified reference materials, where agreement ranged from 83 (Sr) to 116% (As) for all analytes. The AGREE metric has confirmed the greenness of the proposed method. Twenty-seven medicinal herbs samples were used to assess the applicability of the developed procedure. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to inorganic constituent concentration data to classify the medicinal herbs, an excellent tool for classifying samples.

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal and Methylene Blue using low-cost sawdust derived SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar nanocomposite.

Conversion of carbon-rich waste biomass into valuable products is an environmentally sustainable method. This study accentuates the synthesis of novel SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar using low-cost sawdust by applying the pyrolysis method. Morphology, structure, and composition of the synthesized SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar nanocomposite were characterized using SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM (transmission electron microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), FT-IR (infrared spectroscopy) and PL (photoluminescence) spectroscopy. The average diameter of the SnO2 QDs was measured from TEM and found to be 6.79nm. Optical properties of the as-synthesized SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy. The direct band gap of synthesized SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar nanocomposite was calculated from Tauc's plot and found to be 2.0eV. The fabricated SnO2 QDs@g-C3N4/biochar photocatalyst exhibited outstanding photocatalytic degradation efficiency for the removal of Rose Bengal (RB) and Methylene Blue (MB) dye through the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). The synthesized photocatalyst showed a degradation efficiency of 95.67% for the removal of RB under optimum conditions of 0.3mL H2O2, photocatalyst dosage of only 0.06 gL-1, and 15ppm initial RB concentration within 80min, and 94.5% for the removal of MB dye with 0.5mL of H2O2, 0.08 gL-1 of the fabricated photocatalyst and 6ppm of initial MB concentration within 120min. The photodegradation pathway followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant of 0.00268min-1 and 0.00163min-1 for RB and MB respectively. The photocatalyst can be reused up to the 4th cycle with 80% efficiency.

Preparation of agar functionalized graphene oxide-immobilized copper ferrite aerogel for dye degradation via dark-Fenton oxidative process

Dye and textile industries are one of the main causes of water pollution and put the environment and health of society at risk. Developing new materials to decontaminate industrial waste effluents containing dyes as pollutants is challenging due to numerous issues, including tailoring recyclable and biodegradable agents. This study focuses on applying an advanced oxidation process, electro-Fenton for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater using agar-functionalized graphene oxide-immobilized copper ferrite aerogel. The objective is therefore to determine the optimal conditions for the degradation of model pollutants methylene blue (MB). MB was oxidized and degraded through the dark-Fenton process using Agar@GO-CuFe2O4 as a new biobased catalyst. The effect of the operating parameters was then evaluated to determine the optimal conditions. The degradation process was screened for different initial concentrations of dye solution between 10 and 150 mg/l, a volume range of H2O2 between 0.5 and 2.5 ml, and different pH from 2 to 7. The results show that 99.89 % of the MB with the initial concentration of 150 ppm was degraded by 20 mg of the catalyst and 2 ml of H2O2 (30 % W/W) at 40 °C and pH = 6. Pseudo-second-order kinetics satisfactorily describes the experimental data. SynopsisThe prepared catalyst can be applied to oxidize industrial effluents before they are released into the environment.

The content of total protein and its fractions in the hemolymph and body tis-sues of bees fed with Mg citrate

Mineral elements increase the capacity of organisms for their adaptation to abiotic factors and improve the biological value of animal products. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of magnesium citrate on the content of total protein in the tissues of the whole organism, the content of soluble protein fractions in hemolymph, and catalase activity. The research was conducted on Carpathian honey bees. They were selected in the apiary at the Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Sciences. The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage of the work was carried out on 5 groups of bees under the conditions of a laboratory thermostat for 20 days. Bees of the control group were fed daily with 1 ml of 50 % sugar syrup (SS) and 1 ml of H2O; group II – 1 ml of SS + 1 ml of 0.4 mg Mg/l nanocitrate; group III – 1 ml of CS + 1 ml of 2 mg Mg/l citrate; group IV – 1 ml of SS + 1 ml of 3 mg Mg/l citrate; group V – 1 ml of SS + 1 ml of 4 mg Mg/l citrate. The second stage of the study was conducted on four groups of bees and lasted 30 days. Bees of the control (I) group were fed daily with 1 ml of 50 % SS and 1 ml of H2O; group II – 1 ml of SS + 1 ml of 0.04 mg Mg/l citrate; group III – 1 ml of SS + 1 ml of 0.02 mg Mg/l citrate; group IV – 1 ml of SS + 1 ml of 0.01 mg Mg/l citrate. At the first stage, a decrease in α1-globulins in the hemolymph of bees of the III – V groups was established. The content of β-globulins increased in the II (P < 0.001), III (P < 0.01), IV (P < 0.001) and V (P < 0.001) experimental groups. The content of γ-globulins decreased in hemolymph of II (P < 0.001) and III (P < 0.01) groups. At the second stage, a decrease in α1–globulins was observed in the hemolymph of bees of the II, III and IV experimental groups compared to the control. The content of α2-globulins was significantly lower in the hemolymph of bees from IV group, and the content of β-globulins was higher in the hemolymph of the bees. An increase in the content of γ-globulins was established in II (P < 0.05), III and IV (P < 0.01) experimental groups. High catalase activity was observed in the hemolymph of bees of all experimental groups (P < 0.001). The highest catalase activity was registered in bees of IV group. The use of 0.01 mg of Mg citrate in addition to sugar syrup feeding changed the ratio of individual hemolymph protein fractions. The relative content of albumin and β-globulin decreased and α2 and γ globulin content increased. An increase in the relative content of α1 and a decrease in β- and γ-globulins in the hemolymph of honey bees of the research groups were caused by Mg citrate in a dose of 0.04 mg.

Modified nanoarchitectonics of activated carbon derived from the Astragalus shrub for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from water

ABSTRACT In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was explored by applying biochar/Ag nanocatalyst.Biochar (activated carbon) was produced from the Astragalus shrub by a slow pyrolysis procedure. Preparation of biochar/Ag nanoparticles was performed using the sol-gel technique, and the physical properties of the prepared nanocatalyst were studied using BET, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and EDX analyses. According to the analyses, Ag was successfully placed on the biochar particles.Investigations on the Ag/activated carbon (AC) ratio, initial concentration dye, lamp power, pH, catalyst dosage, and amount of H2O2 were conducted to acquire the highest removal efficiency of MB. The maximum degradation rate of MB dye was attained under optimal conditions, including initial dye concentration of 5 mg/L, pH 9, 20 mL of H2O2, 60 mg of AC/Ag nanoparticle dosage, and 100 min under 80 W lamp power. The highest MB dye degradation in the mentioned circumstances was achieved at 96.09%.The kinetic survey likewise represented that the elimination of MB dye using AC/Ag nanocatalysts follows the first-order model, and the optimum time for the photocatalytic removal procedure of methylene blue through biochar/Ag nanocatalysts is 100 min. The stability of the AC/Ag nanoparticles during five rounds was favourable, and only 5.79% of MB dye degradation yield was diminished.

Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) modified ZnS nanoparticles with enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotic in water

Sonocatalysis has attracted excellent research attention to eradicate hazardous pollutants from the environment effectively. This work synthesised an organic/inorganic hybrid composite catalyst by coupling Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) (FM) with ZnS nanoparticles using the solvothermal evaporation method. Remarkably, the composite material delivered significantly enhanced sonocatalytic efficiency for removing tetracycline (TC) antibiotics in the presence of H2O2 compared to bare ZnS nanoparticles. By adjusting different parameters such as TC concentration, catalyst dosage and H2O2 amount, the optimized composite (20 %Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe)/ZnS) removed 78.25% antibiotic in 20 min at the cost of 1 mL of H2O2. These much superior activities are attributed to the efficient interface contact, effective charge transfer, accelerated transport capabilities and strong redox potential for the superior acoustic catalytic performance of FM/ZnS composite systems. Based on various characterization, free radical capture experiments and energy band structures, we proposed a mechanism for the sonocatalytic degradation of tetracycline based on S-scheme heterojunctions and Fenton like reactions. This work will provide an important reference for developing ZnS-based nanomaterials to study sonodegradation of pollutants.

The content of micro elements in the tissues of honey bees fed with magnesium citrate

The article presents experimental data on the mineral composition of tissues of honey bees under the conditions of magnesium citrate feeding. The research was conducted in two stages on bees of the Carpathian breed. The first stage was carried out on five groups of bees, 196–249 in each, under a laboratory thermostat. Bees of the control (I) group received daily 1 ml of 50 % sugar syrup (SS) and 1 ml of H2O; II group (experimental) – 1 ml of SS with the addition of 1 ml of Mg citrate containing 0.4 mg Mg/l; III group (experimental) – similarly to II with the addition of 1 ml of Mg citrate (2 mg Mg/l); IV group (experimental) – similarly to II with the addition of 1 ml of Mg citrate (3 mg Mg/l); Group V (experimental) is similar to II with the addition of 1 ml of Mg citrate (4 mg Mg/l). The bees of the control and experimental groups were kept in identical conditions of a laboratory thermostat TS-80M-3 with micro ventilation at a relative humidity of 75 % and a temperature of 30.0 °С during 20 days of the research. The following II stages of the study were conducted on four groups of bees, 25–30 in each. Bees of the control (I) group received daily 1 ml of 50 % SS and 1 ml of H2O; II group (experimental) – 1 ml of SS with the addition of 1 ml of Mg citrate containing 0.04 mg Mg/l; III group (experimental) – similarly to II with the addition of 1 ml of Mg citrate (0.02 mg Mg/l); IV group (experimental) – similarly to II with the addition of 1 ml of Mg citrate (0.01 mg Mg/l). Bees of the control and experimental groups were kept in the same conditions of the TS-80M-3 laboratory thermostat as in the I stage. The study duration was 20 days in the I stage and 30 days in the II stage. Bees were selected from all groups to determine the content of microelements in tissue homogenates of their entire body. The results were processed statistically using the Microsoft Excel computer program. According to the study results, the Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn content in the body tissues of bees differed between groups. Decreased content of Ferrum, Zinc, and Manganese was found in the bees of III and V experimental groups (I stage). According to the results of the II stage of research on the determination of the content of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn in the tissues of the entire body of bees, the inhibitory effect of lower doses of Mg citrate on the accumulation of these elements in their body was observed. The established changes in the bee tissues of the experimental groups compared to the control group indicate certain physiological features of the accumulation and distribution of the studied trace elements in the body of the bees during their feeding with nanotechnological magnesium citrate.

Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization of High-Sulfur Diesel via Peroxide Oxidation Using Citric, Pimelic, and α-Ketoglutaric Acids

The widespread use of diesel fuel for transportation, industry, and electricity generation causes several environmental issues via an increase in the amount of sulfur compound emissions. Commercial diesel fuel must be free of sulfur-containing compounds since they can cause several environmental problems. Considering the currently available processes to eliminate sulfur compounds, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is one of the effective means for this purpose. This work presented a simple, low cost, and efficient ODS system of high-sulfur diesel fuels using peroxide oxidation with the aid of citric, pimelic, and α-ketoglutaric acids. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of these acids as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activators for ODS and to optimize the reaction conditions for maximum sulfur removal. The results showed that citric, pimelic, and α-ketoglutaric acids were effective catalysts for the desulfurization of high-sulfur diesel with an initial sulfur content of 2568 mg L−1, achieving a sulfur removal efficiency of up to 95%. The optimized reaction conditions were found to be 0.6 g of carboxylic acid dosage and 10 mL of H2O2 at 95 °C. The desulfurization efficiency of the real diesel sample (2568 mg L−1) was shown to be 27, 34, and 84.57%, using citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, and pimelic acid after 1h, respectively. The effectiveness of the oxidation process was characterized by gas chromatographic pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed system exhibited high efficiency for desulfurization of real high-sulfur diesel fuels that could be a good alternative for commercial application with a promising desulfurization efficiency.

An application of advanced oxidation process on industrial crude oily wastewater treatment

Advanced oxidation process, via photo-catalytic oxidation process was demonstrated in this study as one of the promising techniques of simulated oily wastewater treatment. Several effective factors such as initial oil concentration, catalyst dose, stirring speed (rpm), pH value and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose influencing on the photo-catalytic degradation rate of oily wastewater were investigated. The catalyst used in this work was titanium dioxide (TiO2). The solubility of oil in water was increased using emulsifier. Results indicated that the photo-catalytic oxidation process has a good removal percentage of oil from oily wastewater reached to 98.43% at optimum operating parameters of 1 g/L initial oil concentration, 850 rpm, 8 pH, 3 mL H2O2 and 1.5 g/L of TiO2 after 40 min of irradiation time. The degradation reaction follows a first order kinetics with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 93.7%. Ultimately, the application of photo-catalytic oxidation processes at these optimum operating parameters on an industrial oily wastewater collected from an effluent stream of Ras Shukair at Red See supplied by Asuit Petrochemical Company was done in Egypt. The results showed that the best oil removal (99%) was achieved after adding 3 mL of H2O2 in a reaction time of 40 min compared to without adding H2O2.

Biomonitoring of heavy metal signatures in urbanized contaminated ecosystems of Southern India: A case study using raptor, Athene brama

Background: Heavy metals remain tenacious in the environment which further leads to emerging bioaccumulation, rising through the food chain. Birds are great environmental sentinels that can spot even the smallest changes. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of heavy metals, specifically Ni, copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and Se, in the feathers, liver, kidney, muscle, and bones of spotted owlets (Athene brama), which were opportunistically collected from a variety of contaminated ecosystems in the urbanized landscapes of Visakhapatnam on India’s East Coast. Methods: Opportunistic sample collection was done followed by necropsy. Following standard protocols, organic samples were digested by adding 10 mL HNO3 , 5 mL of HClO4 , and 2 mL of H2 O2 to eliminate the excess organic matter. Results: Based on the GIS data, raptors were shown to occur in production landscapes and mostly in urban spaces, and currently, are under several anthropogenic threats. The findings showed that the sequence of heavy metal concentrations was Ti>Al>Cu>Ni>Se, but the tissues of birds in which metals accumulated are in the following order: liver>kidney>bones>muscle. The tissues of A. brama showed the signs of significant concentrations of Ti and Al. The results obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Conclusion: Heavy metal studies on various matrices of the environment have been performed over time with certain metals either neglected or not being documented properly. The main finding of this study is the first report of Ti and Al in bird species from India as there is a lacuna in this context.

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Differently Obtained Zn-Methionine Chelate with Proved Antibiofilm Properties (Part II).

The previously demonstrated activity of aqueous solutions of methionine and zinc salts against biofilms of uropathogenic bacteria prompted us to investigate the structure and properties of zinc methionine complex obtained from such solutions. The paper presents the analysis results of zinc coordination complexes with methionine obtained by synthesis (0.034 mol of L-methionine, 0.034 mol of NaOH, 40 mL of H2O, 0.017 mol ZnSO4, 60 °C) and simple crystallization from water solution (25 mL of a solution containing 134 mmol/L L-methionine, 67 mmol/L ZnSO4, pH = 5.74, I = 0.37 mmol/L, crystallization at room temperature during more than two weeks). IR spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction showed the structural similarity of the substances to each other, in agreement with the data described in the literature. DSC confirmed the formation of a thermally stable (in the range from -30 °C to 180 °C) chelate compound in both cases and indicated the possible retention of the polymorphic two-dimensional structure inherent in L-methionine with the temperature of phase transition 320 K. The crystallized complex had better solubility in water (100 to 1000 mL per 1.0 g) contra the synthesized analog, which was practically insoluble (more than 10 000 mL per 1.0 g). The results of the solubility assessment, supplemented by the results of the dispersion analysis of solutions by the dynamic light scattering method indicated the formation of zinc-containing nanoparticles (80 nm) in a saturated water solution of a crystallized substance, suggesting the crystallized substance may have higher bioavailability. We predicted a possibility of the equivalent existence of optically active cis and trans isomers in methionine-zinc solutions by the close values of formation enthalpy (-655 kJ/mol and -657 kJ/mol for cis and trans forms, respectively) and also illustrated by the polarimetry measurement results (∆α = 0.4°, pH = 5.74, C(Met) = 134 mmol/L; the concentration of metal ion gradually increased from 0 to 134 mmol/L). The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the compound isolated from the solution is a zinc-methionine chelate with the presence of sulfate groups and underline the role of the synthesis route for the biopharmaceutical characteristics of the resulting substance. We provided some quality indicators that it may be possible to include in the pharmacopeia monographs.