Ml Of Alcohol Research Articles

Behavioral and electrophysiological study in Colossoma macropomum treated with different concentrations of Nepeta cataria oil in an immersion bath revealed a therapeutic window for anesthesia.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the activity of essential oils from Nepeta Cataria (EON) at concentrations of 125 L-1, 150 L-1, 175 L-1, and 200 L-1 on the behavior of loss of the posture reflex and recovery of the posture reflex and electrocardiographic activity and recording of the opercular beat of Colossoma macropomum during immersion bathing for a period of 5min, in order to obtain a window for safe use during anesthesia. The fish (23.38 ± 3.5g) were assigned to the following experiments: experiment 1 (latency to loss and recovery of the posture reflex): (a) 125 L-1, (b) 150 L-1, (c) 175 L-1, and (d) 200 L-1 (n = 9) per group. Experiment 2 (electrocardiographic and heartbeat recordings): (a) control group; (b) vehicle control group (2ml of alcohol per liter of water), (c) 125 L-1, (d) 150 L-1, (e) 175 L-1, and (f) 200 L-1 (n = 9), per group. All the concentrations used showed efficacy in inducing loss of the posture reflex and reversibility with recovery of the posture reflex, but the electrocardiographic recordings indicated morphographic changes such as bradycardia during induction and p wave apiculation during recovery at the highest concentrations tested. In this way, we suggest a safe use window for short-term anesthesia with EON in the concentration range of 125 to 150 L-1 for juvenile Colossoma macropomum.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Ethanol Produced from Sugar or Dates Syrup

Abstract Global oil prices have risen due to rising energy usage and petroleum depletion. Waste cooking oil is a potential source of biodiesel raw materials. Biodiesel is a source of renewable energy and a fuel that could replace petroleum-derived diesel in the future. The novelty of this study was to investigate the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using ethanol produced from dates syrup. In this study biodiesel was made from used cooking oil and various alcohols by the transesterification method with different catalysts for comparison. To produce biodiesel from used the transesterification process was carried out by mixing 3 g of the catalyst with 60 ml of alcohol (70%) and adding 300ml of waste cooking oil at a temperature of 60°C. The best result, that had the highest biodiesel yield, which was 302.5 ml, was the biodiesel made from using commercial ethanol as alcohol and KOH as a catalyst. This study indicated that there was no significant difference in the yields of biodiesel and the by-product glycerin between groups, but the density and viscosity of petroleum diesel were much lower than the biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil, meaning that the biodiesel could have more applications than petroleum diesel. It was concluded that the biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and dates syrup ethanol could be used as an alternative fuel and source of renewable environmentally friendly energy. However, it is considered that more studies are needed to determine the effects of using biodiesel produced on engine performance.

‘I’m on board with the borg’ : encouraging risky alcohol use on TikTok

A ‘Blackout Rage Gallon’ (borg) is a dangerous new alcohol consumption trend popular with young people. It involves creating a customised, individual alcoholic beverage by replacing half the water in a four litre (gallon) jug with alcohol (usually spirits), flavourings, electrolytes and caffeinated energy drinks or caffeine supplements. The most prevalent ‘recipe’ calls for the addition of 750ml of alcohol. The ‘blackout’ part of the name refers to the intent of one person to consume the borg in one session, thereby encouraging risky alcohol use. Indeed, there have been reports in popular media of multiple hospitalisations attributed to consumption of borgs at college events in the United States. Part of the attraction of the trend is to label the borg with a clever name, usually incorporating the term ‘borg’. The trend has gained traction recently on TikTok, which has become an important, yet unregulated, source of information for the public including young people(1). We investigated TikTok videos associated with the hashtag #borg to better understand this dangerous new phenomenon. We identified and analysed highly viewed TikTok videos (n = 105) for engagement, techniques, characteristics of featured individuals, and the portrayal of alcohol and risky drinking behaviours. Alcohol was visible in three quarters of the videos analysed (n = 78), and consumed in one third (n = 34). The average amount of alcohol present was well in excess of safe drinking guidelines (865ml) One quarter of videos (n = 25) promoted alleged benefits such as control of volume of consumption, protection from drink spiking, and mitigation of side effects due to addition of electrolytes and water. Alarmingly, only 9 videos included a warning about potential harms of the borg or alcohol in general. Indeed, videos discussing potential harms and benefits tended to encourage the use of borg, for example ‘I’m on board with the borg’. Our study found the borg TikTok trend encourages risky drinking in a fun and entertaining way, supporting previous studies where the majority of content was positively portraying a product or behaviour(2). As there is an association between viewing alcohol-related content on social media and alcohol use(3), there is an urgent need for social media content restrictions to limit the visibility of risky alcohol consumption, particularly to underage users.

A Case of Toxic Optic Neuropathy

ABSTRACT A 28-year-old male arrived in our Ophthalmology Out patient department (OPD) with a chief complaint of bilateral sudden loss of vision in both his eyes of three days’ duration and a history of consumption of 90 mL of alcohol five days prior to the onset of symptoms. An ophthalmic examination revealed no perception of light in both eyes. Both pupils were dilated and sluggishly reacting to light. His fundus examination showed bilateral, hyperemic, and edematous discs. The veins around the disc were mildly dilated and tortuous. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed symmetrical hyperintensities and hemorrhages in bilateral gangliocapsular regions and signal abnormalities areas in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, posterior part of cerebellar vermis, bilateral cingulate gyrus showing diffusion restriction which was suggestive of toxic encephalopathy and toxic neuropathy. Fundus fluorescein angiography was also done for the patient, which showed optic disc staining in the late phase suggestive of optic neuropathy. His vision improved to 20/200 in both eyes with treatment after two months.

Predictors of cardiovascular implantable electronic device dependence at long-term follow-up after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.

The most common complication of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is transient periprocedural high-grade AV block (HGAVB). To date, no long-term follow-up of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) utilization after ASA has been reported. We hypothesized that CIED dependence on long-term follow-up can be predicted by ECG or procedural characteristics. We analyzed all patients with HCM who underwent ASA from December 1998 to December 2019 and received their first CIED within 30days after ASA for HGAVB. All follow-up interrogations were reviewed. CIED dependence was defined as ventricular pacing of ≥ 5%. A total of 138 patients with HCM underwent ASA. Of these, 35 had a prior device and were excluded. Of the remaining 103 patients, 25 patients received a CIED for HGAVB within 30days after ASA. Average follow-up duration was 10.1years. On long-term follow-up, 16 patients (64%) were found to be CIED-dependent. Baseline characteristics, including pre- and post-ASA ECG, were not significantly different between dependent and non-dependent patients. The only predictor for CIED dependence was > 1ml of alcohol injected (OR 6.0, p = 0.031). CIED implantation after ASA is common. Almost two thirds of patients who received a CIED for post-procedural HGAVB were CIED-dependent on long-term follow-up. CIED dependence can be predicted by the amount of injected alcohol > 1ml.

Prevalence of Varroa mites (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman) and bee lice (Bruala coeca Nitzsch) in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Libya.

Primary key pest affecting the apiculture business in many areas of the globe is the ecto parasite Varroa mite (Varroa destructor), recently, bee lice have become a considerable bee pest. In this study, the ecto parasites that infest honey bees, were investigated during the spring of 2013. A total of 66 apiaries were investigated from different geographical regions in Libya: 34 apiaries from the southern region, 21 apiaries from the north-eastern region, and 11 apiaries from the north-western region. Three bee colonies were randomly chosen from each apiary (316 colonies). From each colony, 300 worker bees were taken as samples, put in container filled with 100 ml of alcohol, and transported to the Honey bee Laboratory-Plant Protection Department at the University of Tripoli's. The parasites were separated from the bees and identified, and the infestation rates were calculated. The study of the parasite distribution clearly showed that Varroa mites were present in all regions. However, the degree of mite density varies not only between apiaries but also between colonies in the same apiary, while the bee louse, Barulla coeca, was detected in 23.1% and 5.8% of apiaries in the western region and southern region of Libya, respectively. On the other hand, all the inspected apiaries in the northern region were not infested. Lack of knowledge about honey bee parasites, poor management practices, and the lack of proper distance between hives of migrated apiaries have been attributed as the possible reason for the spread of these two parasites, especially the Varroa mites in the country.

An Intelligent Online Drunk Driving Detection System Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion Technology.

Since drunk driving poses a significant threat to road traffic safety, there is an increasing demand for the performance and dependability of online drunk driving detection devices for automobiles. However, the majority of current detection devices only contain a single sensor, resulting in a low degree of detection accuracy, erroneous judgments, and car locking. In order to solve the problem, this study firstly designed a sensor array based on the gas diffusion model and the characteristics of a car steering wheel. Secondly, the data fusion algorithm is proposed according to the data characteristics of the sensor array on the steering wheel. The support matrix is used to improve the data consistency of the single sensor data, and then the adaptive weighted fusion algorithm is used for multiple sensors. Finally, in order to verify the reliability of the system, an online intelligent detection device for drunk driving based on multi-sensor fusion was developed, and three people using different combinations of drunk driving simulation experiments were conducted. According to the test results, a drunk person in the passenger seat will not cause the system to make a drunk driving determination. When more than 50 mL of alcohol is consumed and the driver is seated in the driver's seat, the online intelligent detection of drunk driving can accurately identify drunk driving, and the car will lock itself as soon as a real-time online voice prompt is heard. This study enhances and complements theories relating to data fusion for online automobile drunk driving detection, allowing for the online identification of drivers who have been drinking and the locking of their vehicles to prevent drunk driving. It provides technical support for enhancing the accuracy of online systems that detect drunk driving in automobiles.

Methanol Intoxication without Optic Atrophy and Central Damage

We aimed to present our case of total blindness without intracerebral lesions and optic atrophy after methanol intoxication during the first 3 months. A 28-year-old male patient was consulted to the emergency department with complaints of a sudden decrease in vision, nausea, and dizziness was evaluated in terms of ocular findings. It was learned that he had taken 400-500 ml of alcohol made at home, about 16 hours ago, the evening before his story. In the ophthalmological examination of the patient, the pupils were bilaterally fixed and dilated. Bilateral visual acuity was found to be light perception. There was no pathological feature in anterior segment examination. Intraocular pressure was 15 mmHg in the right eye and 16 mmHg in the left eye by Goldmann’s applanation tonometry. The optic disc and macula were observed normally in the examination after dilatation. At the 3rd-month follow-up examination, his visual acuity was at the level of light perception. The patient stated that he had difficulty seeing in daylight due to photophobia and that he could see more easily in the evenings and dim light. Acute alcohol poisoning has high morbidity and mortality and should be taken seriously and managed promptly. Delay of treatment can cause complications, permanent damage or death. However, it can leave permanent damage despite early and full intervention. It may take time for these permanent damage to become visible anatomically.

Cumulative Coffee Consumption as a Protective Factor for Head and Neck Cancer in Brazil

There is still no consensus in the literature regarding the role of coffee in head and neck cancer. Thus, we sought to analyze the cumulative consumption of coffee as a protective factor in the genesis of head and neck cancer in Brazil, one of the main coffee producing countries, from January 2011 to February 2017. We carried out a case-control study in 5 referral centers for head and neck cancer with 839 cases and 842 non-cancer hospital controls matched by sex, data collection center and age group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the cumulative consumption of >2 cups of coffee per day is an important protective factor (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9) against head and neck cancer. Smoking increased the risk by 22 times (OR: 22.19; 95% CI: 13.7-35.8) in individuals who smoke more than 50 packs per year, and the habit of ingesting more than 155 ml of alcohol per day represented approximately twice as high risk (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.4-3.4). In summary, this study suggests that coffee consumption is associated with a lower chance of head and neck cancer.

In vitro study of the effect of three commercial solvents on gutta-percha cones used for the cold and thermoplastic technique

The sample consisted of 80 gutta-percha cones No. 80 Endomedic and F3 ProTaper Universal. The cones were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) according to the type of solvent, and each one was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the exposure time (5 min and 10 min). The cones were immersed in the respective solvent for 5 or 10 minutes. Then, they were washed with 5 ml of alcohol for 5 minutes and rinsed with water. Finally, after drying at room temperature for one hour, the solvent action was recorded in grams (g) of weight loss. The results were analyzed and compared using Tukey's test (p<0.05). The Endomedic cone exposed for 5 min to eucalyptol obtained the lowest average weight (0.0625 ± 0.0009 g), followed by Lemongrass oil (0.0629 ± 0.0003 g) and orange oil (0.0629 ± 0.0010 g), although not a significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between each one. The experimental solvent of Lemongrass, eucalyptol and orange oil presented a similar solvent effect on the guta-percha cone for cold and thermoplastic technique. At a clinical level, the three solvents studied could be used in endodontic retreatment as alternative solutions with a similar solvent effect.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Alkohol terhadap jumlah Eritrosit dan Hemoglobin Mencit (Mus musculus)

&lt;p class="abstrak"&gt;Alcohol is an organic compound that is often used in our life. In science research, alcohol is used as a solvent, fuel, and antiseptic. Alcohol if consumed in large quantities has side effects on the body that affect physiologically, one of which is nerve damage, liver and kidney damage, and affects the fetus if consumed by pregnant women. In addition, it is known that alcohol can affect erythrocytes and hemoglobin. In this study, alcohol was given to mice (&lt;em&gt;Mus musculus&lt;/em&gt;) to see the effect on the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. This study used beer concentrations of 4% and 1% and distilled water as a control. The experimental animals used were 9 mice which would be induced by 1 mL of alcohol for 5 days. The parameters used were the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. Data collection was carried out 3 times after 5 days of alcohol induction. The result of this study is that alcohol can reduce the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in mice. Decreased erythrocytes and hemoglobin in mice have an impact on other body organ damage.&lt;/p&gt;

Ruta graveolens, Pelargonium graveolens E Hibiscus cannabinus COMO INIBIDORES NATURAIS DO CRESCIMENTO DE Candida albicans

Candidiasis is an infection caused by fungi of the genus Candida, Candida albicans being the species that most causes the disease in Brazil. The Fluconazole is the conventional medicine used as a treatment of these infections; however, it causes many adverse reactions in the patient and its continued use can induce the resistance of the pathogen. The medicinal plants can be very effective as an alternative treatment of diseases and have been used in folk medicine for years. In this study, it was evaluated the antifungal activity of extracts of Ruta graveolens, Pelargonium graveolens and Hibiscus cannabinus against the fungal development of Candida albicans, comparing the efficiency of these extracts to Fluconazole. The extracts were prepared in the concentration of 1g of the plant for each 5 mL of alcohol 70%. The data were obtained using the agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was performed, and showed that R. graveolens was able of inhibiting 100% of the pathogen when using 100 mg.ml-1 concentration. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that R. graveolens was the most effective extract when compared to Fluconazole, suggesting that this extract can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment to improve the efficiency of current treatments. The extracts of P. graveolens and H. cannabinus also presented antifungal activity but in smaller proportion than Fluconazole. The data from this study suggests that R. graveolens extract can be tested in future in vivo studies with the objective of proposing its use in alternative or simultaneous treatment of the synthetic drug used.

Blood pressure lowering with alcohol-mediated renal denervation using the Peregrine infusion Catheter is independent of injection site location.

The current analysis utilized core laboratory angiographic data from a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multi-center feasibility study to ascertain whether the location of alcohol infusion within main renal arteries during renal denervation (RDN) had an impact on the BP-lowering effect at 6months. The influence of the location of alcohol infusion during RDN, within the main renal artery (proximal, middle, or distal), on the magnitude of the blood pressure (BP) lowering is unstudied. The Peregrine Catheter was used to perform alcohol-mediated RDN with an infusion of 0.6mL of alcohol per artery as the neurolytic agent in 90 main arteries and four accessory arteries of 45 patients with hypertension. No relationship between the site of alcohol infusion and change from baseline in both office systolic and 24-hour systolic ambulatory BP (ABP) at 6months was observed. When analyzed at the artery level, the least squares (LS) mean changes ± SEM from baseline to 6months post-procedure in 24-hour systolic ABP when analyzed by renal arterial location were -11.9 ± 2.4 mmHg (distal), -10 ± 1.6 mmHg (middle), and -10.6 ± 1.3 mmHg (proximal) (all p < 0.0001 for change from baseline within groups). The results were similar for office systolic BP. There was no difference between treated locations (proximal is reference). In this post-hoc analysis, the location of alcohol infusion within the main renal artery using the Peregrine system, with alcohol as the neurolytic agent for chemical RDN, did not affect the magnitude of BP changes at 6months.

Comparison of Biodiesel Extracted from Pork and Duck Fat

Many countries depend on energy, and it is advisable to generate energy from renewable energy sources. Pork and duck fat are residues that can be used to generate biodiesels. Thus, this research evaluated the obtaining of biodiesel from the oil extracted from pork and duck fat. For the production of biodiesel, the transesterification method was used, mixing different proportions of oil, catalyst and alcohol at a temperature of 60 °C. The results indicated that the best proportion to obtain biodiesel from pork and duck waste was 250 mL of oil, 50 mL of alcohol (methanol) and 1.5 g of catalyst (potassium hydroxide). The lower calorific value was also higher in the duck fat biodiesel (M8) with values ??of 7433 Cal/g and biodiesel from pork fat (M2) presented values ??of 7448 Cal/g. Both biodiesel obtained met the quality requirements established in ASTM D6751 standard and could be used as alternatives to common diesel.

Metanol en el mezcal: ¿es posible aumentar los umbrales permitidos por la normativa mexicana?

The allowed limits of methanol by Mexican norms for mezcal set the maximum at 300 mg/100 ml of alcohol 100%. The standard was established in 1986 taking wine as reference. The Norm NOM-142-SSA1-1995 maintains that value today, although in Europe, then and now, the limits for methanol in distilled fruit beverages are well above the content permitted by Mexican Standards. We review the toxicology of methanol and the process of making norms about the allowed contains in alcoholic beverages in Mexico and other countries, and concluded that is possible a revision of standards on methanol maintaining health requirements. The article proposes the revision of the current Norms for the agave distillates, taking mezcals as a case study. We remark that it represents an opportunity for certain traditional beverages (fermented and distilled) that exceed the present standard level.

Efek Biokonversi Pulp Kakao menjadi Bioetanol Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif melalui Fermentasi Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam Fermentor Wadah Plastik dan Stainless Steel

Cocoa beans from Indonesian farmers are not optimal to utilize dan has low quality because they have not done fermentation processing. The aim of this study was to process cocoa beans through fermentation by using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by developing cocoa-pulp byproduct that can be converted to be alcohol. Fermentation process had done in two type of containers such as plastic and stainless steel material. It was observed to know the presence of olygodinamic effect from stainless steel material. The results showed that cacao pulp can be fermented by using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sensory test method with hyphae growth and strong aromatic from alcohol observation. Stainless steel material in fermentor tub did not give the oligodynamic effect for Aspergillus niger fungus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. The Fermentation process produced 0.66 mL of alcohol from one kilogram fresh cocoa beans. The maximum bioethanol product is that happened in 4th day fermentation process about 5.30 %.

Alcohol dose in septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes related to dose of alcohol administered during alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Current guidelines recommend using 1–3 mL of alcohol administered in the target septal perforator artery, but this recommendation is based more on practical experience of interventionalists rather than on systematic evidence. MethodsWe included 1448 patients and used propensity score to match patients who received a low-dose (1.0–1.9 mL) versus a high-dose (2.0–3.8 mL) of alcohol during ASA. ResultsThe matched cohort analysis comprised 770 patients (n = 385 in both groups). There was a similar occurrence of 30-day post-procedural adverse events (13% vs. 12%; p = 0.59), and similar all-cause mortality rates (0.8% vs. 0.5%; p = 1) in the low-dose group and the high-dose group, respectively. In the long-term follow-up (5.4 ± 4.5 years), a total of 110 (14%) patients died representing 2.58 deaths and 2.64 deaths per 100 patient-years in the low dose and the high dose group (logrank, p = 0.92), respectively. There were no significant differences in the long-term dyspnea and left ventricular outflow gradient between the two groups. Patients treated with a low-dose of alcohol underwent more subsequent septal reduction procedures (logrank, p = 0.04). ConclusionsMatched HOCM patients undergoing ASA with a low-dose (1.0–1.9 mL) or a high-dose (2.0–3.8 mL) of alcohol had similar short- and long-term outcomes. A higher rate of repeated septal reduction procedures was observed in the group treated with a low-dose of alcohol.

Epidemiological Study Based on China Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Database.

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to reveal the case characteristics of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in Mainland China.MethodsThis cross‐sectional epidemiological study derived data for ONFH patients from July 2016 to December 2018 from the China Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Database (CONFHD). The derived data included gender, age, body mass index (BMI), height, occupation, region, and etiology of femoral head necrosis. A descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the epidemiological characteristics of the case data in the CONFHD.ResultsA total of 1844 ONFH patients (2945 hips) were included in this study, comprising 1302 men and 542 women. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 95 years, with a median of 50 years, and the male to female ratio was 2.4. Male patients are younger than female patients (48.26 ± 12.56 years old and 55.56 ± 14.94 years old, respectively). Among the 1844 patients (2945 hips), there were 528 (17.92%) hips at ARCO stage I, 941 (31.99%) hips at ARCO stage II, 873 (29.63%) hips at ARCO stage III, and 603 (20.46%) hips at ARCO stage IV. In the subclassification of ARCO stages I and II, the majority of cases were type C; type A comprised the majority in the subclassification of ARCO stage III. According to the Kellgren–Lawrence classification system, among the 603 ARCO stage IV hips, there were 178 (29.52%) grade 1 hips, 201 (33.34%) grade 2 hips, 176 (29.18%) grade 3 hips, and 48 (7.96%) grade 4 hips. Most were from three provinces: Henan (27.3%), Shanxi (13.9%), and Shandong (11.9%). Regarding BMI, 982 patients (53.25%) were overweight or obese. Among all patients, the largest proportion of patients engaged in level IV manual work. Of all the patients, there were 495 (26.84%) with steroid‐induced ONFH, 685 (37.15%) were alcoholics, and 290 (15.73%) had traumatic ONFH. The 495 patients with steroid‐induced ONFH included 278 men (56.16%) and 217 women (43.84 %), had a complete history of hormone use. Among the primary diseases, there were 195 cases (39.39%) of immune system diseases, followed by dermatological diseases, respiratory diseases, nephropathy, and other diseases. There were a total of 685 patients with alcoholic ONFH, 589 of these patients (85.99%) were men. A total of 188 (27.45%) patients had drunk alcohol for 6–10 years (comprising the highest proportion), and 280 patients (40.88%) consumed 3001–3500 mL of alcohol each week (the highest proportion).ConclusionOsteonecrosis of the femoral head most commonly occurs after the age of 40. Male patients have an earlier onset than female patients, and the number of male patients is approximately twice that of female patients. The BMI of patients was mainly in the overweight and obese range, and half of these patients engaged in level IV manual work. From the imaging findings, the numbers of hips at ARCO stages II and III were greatest, and the number at stage I was relatively small. Among all the causes of disease, alcohol, steroid use and trauma were the three most common reasons for ONFH.

Abstract 16099: Predictors of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device-dependence at Long-term Follow-up After Alcohol Septal Ablation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients

Introduction: The most common complication of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is periprocedural high grade AV block (HGAVB). No long-term follow-up of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) utilization after ASA has been reported. Hypothesis: Pacemaker dependence on long-term follow up can be predicted by ECG or procedural characteristics. Methods: We analyzed all patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent ASA from December 1998 to December 2019 at our institution and received their first CIED within 30 days after ASA for HGAVB. All available follow-up interrogations were reviewed. CIED dependence was defined as ventricular pacing of ≥5%. CIED programming was determined by the patients’ cardiologists' discretion. Results: A total of 103 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent ASA. The average follow up duration was 10.1 years. Within 30 days after ASA, a total 25 patients received a CIED for HGAVB. On long term follow-up 16 patients (64%) were found to be CIED-dependent. Baseline characteristics, including pre and post-ASA ECG, were not significantly different between dependent and non-dependent patients (Table). The only predictor for CIED dependence was &gt;1 ml of alcohol injected during ASA (OR 6.0, p&lt;0.046). Conclusions: CIED implantation after ASA is common. Almost two thirds of patients who received CIED for postprocedural HGAVB were CIED-dependent on long term follow up. CIED dependence can be predicted by amount of injected alcohol &gt;1 ml during ASA.

Carbon Ink Characterization from Banana and Cassava Peels by Carbonization Method

Banana and cassava plants are the most growing plants in the world. The use of both plant's peel is usually for animal feed. This research is intended to utilize banana and cassava peel as a raw material of whiteboard ink markers by varying concentration of the carbons to see its effect on the characteristics of the ink. The carbon concentration variations are 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, 40 g, and 45 g, which is dissolved in 100 ml of the solution. The steps of this research include the carbonization of banana or cassava peel, and then its carbon powder is sifted by 200 mesh. The powder will be dissolved in 50 ml of Arabic gum 10%, 15 ml of PEG-7, and 35 ml of alcohol 70%, then the solution stirred until homogeneous. The result showed that the addition of the Banana or cassava peels carbon concentration effect on the value of density, viscosity, pH, and pigment ink. The characteristic whiteboard ink markers from the banana peel that accordance with the commercial ink. It is consists of 30% Banana peel carbon concentration with a density value of 1.0077 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, viscosity value of 6.2049 cP, pH value of 10.55, and the ink pigment are close enough with the commercial refill ink. While the characteristic from cassava consists of 35% cassava peel carbon concentration with a density value of 1.0893 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, viscosity value of 15,2427 cP, pH value of 8,75, and the ink pigment are close enough with the commercial ink